届全国人教版英语一轮讲义选修八Unit1含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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改造;
改良
10.graspvt.&
n.抓住;
抓紧;
掌握;
领会
◆记住词义
1.distinctadj.清晰的;
明显的;
明确的
2.ministryn.(政府的)部;
(全体)牧师
3.hardshipn.苦难;
困苦
4.boomn.繁荣
vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
5.racialadj.人种的;
种族的
6.customsn.海关;
关税;
进口税
7.mournvt.&
vi.哀悼;
悼念;
表示悲痛
8.justicen.公正;
公平
◆写出短语
1.liveon继续存在;
继续生存
2.bymeansof...用……办法;
借助……
3.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4.keepup坚持;
维持;
沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5.teamupwith与……合作或一起工作
6.markout画线;
标出……界线
7.takein包括;
吸收;
欺骗
8.applyfor申请;
请示得到
联想拓展
名词后缀ant
1.applicant申请人
2.immigrant移民
3.participant参与者
4.accountant会计
5.assistant助手
6.servant仆人;
服务生
7.contestant竞争者;
竞赛者
8.defendant被告
短语串记
1.liveby靠……生活
2.livethrough经历;
度过
3.livewith和……生活在一起;
忍受
4.liveupto遵守;
不辜负;
符合
-----------
5.bynomeans决不
6.byallmeans当然可以
7.byanymeans无论如何
8.bythismeans用这种方法
9.catchupwith赶上
10.keepupwith跟上
eupwith提出
12.putupwith忍受
13.endupwith以……结束
14.fitin适应;
找到时间
15.breakin强行闯入
16.cutin插嘴;
插队
17.givein屈服;
投降
18.turnin上交
经典例句
①Hehasbeenanactiveparticipantinthediscussion.他一直积极参与这次讨论。
②Shediedtenyearsagobuthermemoryliveson.她十年前就去世了,但她却留在人们的记忆中。
③Hefailedtoliveuptohisparents'
expectations.他辜负了父母的期望。
④“CanIcomeandhavealookatyourhouse?
”“Yes,byallmeans”.“我可以过来看看你的房子吗?
”“当然可以。
”
⑤Aftermissingatermthroughillnesshehadtoworkhardtocatchupwiththeothers.他因病休学一学期,不得不努力学习好赶上别的同学。
⑥Severalofthemembershavecomeupwithsuggestionsoftheirown.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
⑦I'
mnotgoingtoputupwiththeirsmokinganylonger.我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。
⑧Lesleyexplainspossibletreatmentsbutyoucantellshe'
snottakingitin.莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法,不过,你可以看出来,她并没有领会。
⑨He'
sneverdonethistypeofworkbefore;
I'
mnotsurehowhe'
llfitinwiththeotherpeople.他过去从未干过这种工作,我不确定他是否会与其他人配合得好。
词汇异空间——派生词汇
原词
词义
派生词
majoradj.
主要的
majorityn.
1.大多数;
distinctadj.
清晰的;
明显的
distinctionn.
2.差别;
区分;
卓著
electvt.
选择;
选举
electionn.
3.选举
applyvi.
申请
applicantn.
applicationn.
4.申请人
5.申请书;
apparentadj.
apparentlyadv.
6.显然地;
显而易见地
indicatevt.
指出;
indicationn.
indicatorn.
7.迹象;
指示
8.指示器;
指示物
racen.
种族;
比赛
racialadj.
9.人种的;
thoughtn.
思维;
想法;
关怀
thoughtfuladj.
10.关切的;
体贴的;
深思的
[原创]语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
Thepresidential1.election(elect)willtakeplacenextmonth,whichappealstoasmanyasfive2.applicants(apply)forcandidates.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatthecompetitionis3.apparently(apparent)morefiercethanusual.Thereareclear4.distinctions(distinct)amongtheirrulingideas.The5.majority(major)ofthevotersareinfavoroftheDemocraticcandidate.Thereisevery6.indication(indicate)thathehasmore7.thoughtful(thought)ideasaboutimprovingpeople'
slivelihood.Besides,heholdsanattitudethatany8.racial(race)discriminationshouldbeforbidden.
【导学号:
11470142】
词法新图谱——核心词汇
●灵活多变的动词
词汇
词性
意义
现在分词
过去分词
elect
vt.
electing
elected
occur
vi.
发生;
occurring
occurred
indicate
indicating
indicated
boom
处于经济迅速发展时期
booming
boomed
shave
vt.&
vi.
刮;
剃
shaving
shaved
slip
滑动;
slipping
slipped
hire
租用;
hiring
hired
mourn
哀悼;
mourning
mourned
reform
改革;
reforming
reformed
grasp
抓住;
grasping
grasped
Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
MaXianfu1.waselected(elect)asheadoftownshipin1987.Toleadthevillagerstogetrich,heevenhadhairs2.shaved(shave)offtoshowhisdetermination.Hewasoneofthosewhofirst3.grasped(grasp)thecountry'
spolicyofopeninguptotheoutsideworld.By4.reforming(reform)themanagementsystem,thelocalcompanies5.werebooming(boom).Unfortunately,anaccident6.occurred(occur),inwhichMaXianfulosthislife.Thatday,he7.slipped(slip)ontheicyroad,andthenacarranhimover.Peoplefromallsidesgathered8.tomourn(mourn)theoutstandingleader.Afterhisdeath,manycompaniesbegantoslide,9.hiring(hire)fewerandfewerworkers.Thestory10.indicates(indicate)thatagoodleaderplaysavitalroleinlocaleconomicdevelopment.【导学号:
11470143】
Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错
Badthingshavebeenoccurredinrecenteconomicdevelopmentinthisregion.Economicgrowthhadslippedtoaverylowlevelthreemonthsago.Factoriesarecuttingdownontheirproduction,indicatesthatnomoreworkersaretobehiring.Thosecompanieswhichelecttoinvestarenowgoingtocanceltheirplans.Expertssaytheregion'
seconomyneedsreformed.Withthedevelopmentpatternstransformedandupgraded,weareexpectingtheeconomyboominthenearfuture.
【答案】
Badthingshave
occurredinrecenteconomicdevelopmentinthisregion.Economicgrowth
slippedtoaverylowlevelthreemonthsago.Factoriesarecuttingdownontheirproduction,
thatnomoreworkersaretobe
.Thosecompanieswhich
toinvestarenowgoingtocanceltheirplans.
Expertssaytheregion'
seconomyneeds
.Withthedevelopmentpatternstransformedandupgraded,weareexpectingtheeconomy
boominthenearfuture.
①electsb.(tobe/as)...“选举某人当……”;
electsb.tothecommittee“把某人选进委员会”;
electtodosth.“选择或决定做某事”。
②graspthemeaning“理解意义”;
graspthepolicy“领会政策”;
graspthechance/opportunity“抓住机会”;
graspsb.bythearm“抓住某人的胳膊”。
③occurtosb.“某人想起”;
itoccurstosb.that...“某人想起……”;
itoccurstosb.todosth.“某人想起做某事”。
④slipoffthebed“从床上滑下来”;
slipinto“溜进”;
slipoutof“溜出”;
slipaway“悄然逝去”;
slipone'
smind“想不起来”。
⑤indicatesth.tosb.“向某人表明某事;
把……指给某人看”;
indicatethat...“表示……;
表明……”。
●相依为命的词搭配
搭配
例释、联想、拓展
动介
diefrom 死于……
applyfor申请;
teamupwith与……合作/一起工作
applyto向……申请;
apply...to...把……应用于……;
把……涂在……上;
applyoneselfto(doing)sth.致力于或专心于(做)……
动副
takein 包括;
领会;
markout画线;
标出……界线;
规划出
Don'
tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.不要被那些声称能让你快速减肥的产品所欺骗。
动名介
declarewaron向……宣战
It'
stimetodeclarewaronoldcustoms.是时候向旧风俗宣战了。
介名介
bymeansof 用……办法;
借助
insearchof寻找
(be)inthemajority占大部分/大多数
Hesometimessupportshimselfbymeansofeveningjobs.他有时靠晚上打零工来养活自己。
习语
ofone'
sown 属于自己的
onone'
sown 独自地;
独立地
byoneself独自地;
Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(填入一个适当的词)
Dozensofpeoplehavedied1.fromanunknowndiseaseinCongo,anAfricancountry.Childrenarein2.themajority.Hospitalshavetaken3.inhundredsofsuspectedcases.ResearchersfromUNareteaming4.upwithlocaldoctorstolookintothecauses5.bymeansofspecifictechniques.Theyareapplying6.forpermissiontomark7.outtheplaceswherethediseasemaybreakoutandprohibitthepeopletheretoleaveforotherplaces.Researchersalsosuggestthatthegovernmentdeclarewar8.onbadhabitsandoldpracticesthatdoharmtotheenvironmentbecausetheysuspectthatthediseasemaybelinkedtowaterpollution.
Itisashopthatkeepsrunningwellwithmeansofcreativeideasandconcepts.Amongthecustomers,theyfind,women,especiallythosewithbabies,areatthemajority.Sorecentlytheyhavemarkeddownanareaintheirshopforsmallkidswheretheycanteamwiththeirparentstoplay.Thekidsarealsoallowedtobringtoysofthemown.Thisideahasturnedouttobegood.Theshopistakingonmorecustomersdaybyday.
Itisashopthatkeepsrunningwell
meansofcreativeideasandconcepts.Amongthecustomers,theyfind,women,especiallythosewithbabies,are
themajority.Sorecentlytheyhavemarked
anareaintheirshopforsmallkidswheretheycanteam
withtheirparentstoplay.Thekidsarealsoallowedtobringtoysof
own.Thisideahasturnedouttobegood.Theshopistaking
morecustomersdaybyday.
句法新天地——重点句型
Thatiswhy...
[教材原句] Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.
那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
This/Thatis/waswhy...为表语从句的常用句型结构,意为“这/那就是……的原因”,用来表示原因。
Tomwasverylazy.Thatwaswhyheneverachievedanythinginhislife.
汤姆很懒,那就是他一生碌碌无为的原因。
(1)That'
sbecause...“那是因为……”,because从句表示原因。
(2)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...“……的原因是……”,其中表语从句常用that引导,而不用because。
Thereasonwhythestudentsfavorthefirstoneisthattheycancarryitwiththemwherevertheygo.
学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪儿都可以随身携带。
Itisbelievedthat...
[教材原句] Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.
人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
Itisbelievedthat...是一个常用的固定句式,意为“人们认为;
据信”。
与此类似的句式还有:
Itissaid/reported/thought/considered/expectedthat...。
Itisbelievedthatheissuretowinthisevent.
人们认为他一定会赢得这个比赛项目。
Itisexpectedthattheoutputofgrainwillincreaseby10%comparedwiththatinthepreviousyear.
预计粮食产量比上年增长10%。
此句式可以改写为:
(sb./sth.)bebelieved