中考20专题阅读与表达带答案Word格式.docx
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第68题
(2分)
第69题
揭秘:
阅读与表达是中考必考题型,共5小题,总计10分。
其中前4小题是容易题,文章中
有明确答案;
最后第5题属于难题,通常需要在理解文章主要内容的基础上提取文章主旨
要义。
用兵如神
【典型例题】2018北京中考
Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun,whateveryourage.It'
sgreatforkeepingusrelaxed.Itofferschancestocheckthenightskyandtobenoisierthanusual.Itletsushavefriendsovertostaywhomightnotfitinsidethehouse!
Followtheseinstructionsandyou'
llhaveanightyou’llneverforget!
Putupyourtent.
Dependingonthenumberoffamilymembersandguests,youmayneedmorethanonetent.Tellyourfriendstobringtheirtentsifneeded.FollowtheinstructionsorcheckoutthearticlesonhowtoputupatentontheInternet.
Prepareyourbedding.
You'
llwantyourgueststobeabletorelaxincomfort.Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor:
Ablow-upairmattressorthickcomfortersmayworkwell.Fillthetentwithsofttoysandblankets(毯子).Havelightweightsleepingbagsorcottonblankets.Theyareespeciallyimportantifyoulivewherethenighttemperaturesdropgreatly.
Prepareaseatingarea.
Ifyouhaveapicnictable,thatwouldworkbest.Ifnot,setupafewchairsandasmalltabletosetoutdrinksandfood.Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun,sothatyourfriendscaneatandtalk.Besurethegrassisn’twet!
Makememories.
Plansomeactivities.You'
recampinginthebackyard,soit'
stimetomakethemostofbeingoutdoors.
Haveacameranearbytotakesillyphotosofyou,yourfamilymembers,andyourfriends.Takeonelargegroupshotwitheveryonesmilingandlaughing.Besuretomakecopiesforeveryone!
64.Iscampinginthebackyardgreatfun?
65.Whatcanwedotohelprelaxourguests?
66.Whatisasimplechoicetoprepareaseatingarea?
67.Howdowemakememories?
68.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
考点一:
获取文章具体信息——一般疑问句
【考点精析】Yes.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
通过查找关键词campinginthebackyard可知本题
对应的信息就位于文章的第1句话Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun,whateveryourage.信息与问题
一致,故答案为Yes。
考点二:
获取文章具体信息——特殊疑问句
65.Whatcanwedotohelprelaxourguests?
【考点精析】Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
问题是“为了帮助
客人放松,我们能做什么?
”通过查找关键词helprelaxourguests可知本题对应信息位于第3段开头部
分You'
llwantyourgueststobeabletorelaxincomfort.Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor(你想要你的客
人舒适地放松,那么在地板上放一些软绵绵的东西来躺着)。
故答案为Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor.
66.Whatisasimplechoicetoprepareaseatingarea?
【考点精析】Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
问题是
“准备一个就坐区域的简单选择是什么?
”通过查找关键词prepareaseatingarea可知答案位于第4段;
再根据关键词asimplechoice可知答案位于第3句话Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun.
67.Howdowemakememories?
【考点精析】Bytakingphotosofus,ourfamilymembersandfriends.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
问题是“我们如何制造回忆?
”通过查找关键词makememories可知答案位于最后一部分,即照片能给
人留下回忆Haveacameranearbytotakesillyphotosofyou,yourfamilymembers,andyourfriends。
回答时
需注意两点:
首先,要将第二人称转换为第一人称(与问题保持一致);
其次,通常How引导的特殊疑
问句要用by+doing引出答案,故答案为Bytakingphotosofus,ourfamilymembersandfriends.
考点三:
提取文章主旨要义——特殊疑问句
【考点精析】Whatfunofcampingisandhowwehaveagreatcamping.本题考查提取文章主旨要义的能力。
问题是“这篇文章主要关于什么?
”这类问题通常在原文中找不到明确的对应信息,需要在把握文意的
基础上,提炼并归纳出答案。
纵观本题原文,发现它可以分成两个部分(第1段是单独的一部分,其余带副标题的所有段落是另一部分),那么分别提炼两部分的内容要点并整合在一起就会得出本题答案。
第1部分红色划线语句(首段前4句话)以“总—分”式说明camping的乐趣;
蓝色划线语句(首段最后一句话)承上启下,表明第2部分将分述如何才能拥有一个难以忘怀的camping。
最后分别what和how两个连接词将两部分段义引出,即Whatfunofcampingisandhowwehaveagreatcamping.
【举一反三】
问题形式(一般)
回答方式(一般)
注意事项(一般)
具体信息
一般疑问句
Yes./No.
答案对应信息与题号顺序一致,自上而下
选择疑问句
例如:
Whichisbetter,AorB?
A./B.
特殊疑问句
in/at…+地点(where)
in/on/at…+时间(when)
By+doing(how)
Because…(why)
主旨要义
What…andhow…
When…andwhere…
Who…andwhy…
…
注意人称、时态要与问题一致
【即学即练】2017北京中考
Weneedtoberesponsibleforourenvironment.Beingafrugalconsumer(节俭的消费者)isonewaytohelp.But,whatexactlydoesthatmean?
UseItUp
Youcanusethingsupinsteadofwastingthem.Squeezethatlastbitoftoothpasteoutofthetube.Usethelastlittlepieceofsoap.Don’tthrowawayanybitsofthebiscuitatthebottomofthebox.
WearItOut
Youdonotalwaysneedtohavenewthings.Supposeyoursneakershavebrokenlaces,buttheystillfityou.Repairthemandwearthemlonger.Youdon’thavetohavethelatestiPhoneuntiltheoldonedoesn’tworkanymore.Thenyoucangetanewone.Thinktwicebeforereplacingsomethingthatstillwork.
MakeItDo
Whensomethingyouwantisnotonhand,lookforsomethingelsethatyoualreadyhavetotakeitsplace.Supposeyouarepackingyourlunchfortomorrowandwantabuttersandwich.Youareoutofbutter.Haveacheesesandwichinsteadsoyoucanuseallofthecheese.Learntofixbrokentoysinsteadofjustthrowingthemaway.Withalittlethought,youcanmakesomethingdo,insteadofbuyingsomethingnew.
DoWithout
Thinkaboutallthosethingsthatyouwouldliketohave.Doyoureallyneedthem?
HowlongwillyoureallyplaywiththatnewtoyyousawonTV?
Makingthethingsthatwewantusesupourworld’sresources(资源).And,gettingridofthethingswedon’twantanymoretakesupevenmoreresourcesandspace.
65.Doweneedtoberesponsibleforourenvironment?
66.Howdowedealwiththelastlittlepieceofsoap?
67.WhendoweneedtogetanewiPhone?
68.Whatshouldwedowhensomethingwewantisnotonhand?
69.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
【答案】65.Yes.
66.Useitup.
67.Untiltheolddoen’tworkanymore.
68.Lookforsomethingelse.
69.Whyandhowtobearesponsibleconsumer.
过关斩将
【2018河北中考】
Everyyear,wildfires(野火)destroymuchforestland.Homesarebrokendown,andthousandsofpeopledie.smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.
Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplacesintoareasthatdifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.
Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.Usingbasictoolssuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butnotmuch.
Althoughmostsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyourweightandheight.SmokejumpersintheU.S.forexample,mustbe54to91kilograms,sotheydon’tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.
Smokejumpersmustbeabletoliveinthewilderness.InRussia,manysmokejumpersknowhowtofindfoodintheforestandevenmakesimplefurniturefromtrees.
Theworkisdangerous,thehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn’tjustajob.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-oldRussiansmokejumpersAlexiTishinsays,“Thisisthebestjobforthestrongandbrave.”
64.WhatareSmokejumpers?
65.Wheredotheyjumpfrom?
66.What’stheirmaingoal?
67.Whyshouldtheyhaveproperweight?
68.What’sneededtobeasmokejumper?
【答案】64.Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.
65.
They
jump
from
planes.
66.
Their
main
goal
is
to
stop
fire
spreading.
67.
Because
they
won’t
get
hurt
when
land,or
blown
by
strong
winds.
68.Tobeasmokejumper,oneneedstohaveproperheightandweight,beabletoliveinthewilderness
andlovehis/herjob.
【2018海淀一模】
Beijingisacrowdedcityofhigh-risebuildingseverywhere.Whenthereisafire,itcanspreadeasilyandquickly.Everyyear,therearethousandsofpeoplelosingnotonlytheirproperty(财产)butalsotheirlovedonesinfires.Inmanycases,thesefireshappenedbecausepeoplewerecareless.Topreventfiresathome,itisimportanttomonitor(监督)somehouseholdactivities.
Useofelectricalappliances
Alwayspayattentiontotheelectricalwiringandelectricalappliances(电器)thatyouareusing.Chooseproperelectricalappliancesandusethemcorrectly.Forexample,allowenoughspacebehindyourTVsetstomakesurethatthereisroomfortheheattoescape.Donotputheatersnearnewspapersorothermaterialsthatcanburneasily.Whentheelectricalappliancesarenotinuse,disconnectthemfromtheelectricitysupply.Whenyounoticeproblemswithyourelectricalappliances,makesuretorepairorreplacethemquickly.Itisalsoimportanttoavoidconnectingtoomanyplugstothesamesocket(插座)asfiresmayresult.
Firerisksinthekitchen
Thekitchenisaplacewherewecanfindfuel(燃料),cookingstovesandmanydifferentkindsofelectricalappliances.Becauseofthis,youhavetobemorecarefulwhenworkinginthekitchen.Beforecooking,openthewindowstoallowfreshairintothekitchen.Donotleavethekitchenwhenastoveisinuse.Keepfoodpackagesandwastepaperawayfromastoveaswell.Ifyousmellstronggasinthekitchen,disconnectthegassupplyandcontactyourgassupplycompanyimmediately.
Matchesandlighters
Putmatchesandlightersinsafeplaces.Donotletchildrenplaywiththem.
Emergencyexits
Donotblocktheemergencyexits(紧急出口)orlockthem.Whenthereisafire,theemergencyexitsareyourmainescapepaths.
64.Whydidfirehappeninmanycases?
65.Whereshouldn’tweputtheheater?
66.Isitimportanttoavoidconnectingtoomanyplugstothesamesocket?
67.Whatshouldwedobeforecooking?
68.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
【答案】64.Becausepeoplewerecareless.
65.Weshouldn’tputheate