英语写作修辞手法FIGURESOFSPEECHWord文件下载.docx

英语写作修辞手法FIGURESOFSPEECHWord文件下载.docx

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Educationisnotthefillingofapail,butthelightingoffire.5PCzVD7HxA

Theboywolfeddownthefood.

Somebooksaretobetasted.

Thepolicemanmovedmeoutofthesnackoftraffic.jLBHrnAILg

▲Metonymy.

Onethingforanother。

association.

Whatitlearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.xHAQX74J0X

Shehastheeyeforthefairandthebeautiful.

ScepterandCrown.

ScytheandSpade.

▲Parody.

Ihavenooutlook,butanuplook.Mypleaseinthesocietywasatthebottom.LDAYtRyKfE

Afriendinneedisafriendtobeavoided.

Fallinlove.

Walkinlove.

Wherethereisawill,thereisareality.（Original:

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.>

Zzz6ZB2Ltk

Tolieornottolie------thedoctor'

sdilemma.

▲Personification.

Theraintothewindsaid./"

YoupushandI'

llpelt."

dvzfvkwMI1

Slangisalanguagethattakesoffitscoat,spitsonitshands,andgoestowork.rqyn14ZNXI

▲Onomatopoeia.

Daisstartedlaughing.

Daisstartedgigging.

▲Euphemism.

Undertheweather.

Joinone'

sancestors.

Advancedinage.

Runone'

sraces.

▲Hyperbole/Overstatement.

Aseaoftroubles.

▲Understatement.

▲Parallelism.

Sowasitwhenmylifebegan./SoisitnowIamaman./SobeitwhenIshallgrowold.EmxvxOtOco

▲Contrast.

Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate.SixE2yXPq5

▲Antithesis.

Givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.

Thelifeofthewolfisthedeathofthelamb.

▲Oxymoron.

Painfulpleasure.

Livingdeath.

Poorrichguys.

Falselytrue.

Shinedarkly.

Love-haterelationship.

▲Pun.

Wemusthangtogether,orweshallhangseparately.6ewMyirQFL

Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweek.（week------weak>

kavU42VRUs

Makeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy.（good-buy------good-bye>

y6v3ALoS89

▲Zeugma.

·

Sheopenedthedoorandherhearttothehomelessboy.M2ub6vSTnP

▲Allusion.

TheheelofAchilles.

Opensesame.

Cinderella.

Figleaf.

TowerofBible.

▲Irony.

▲TransferredEpithet.

Asleeplessbed.

Adizzyheight.

Asweetvoice.

Aicylook.

▲Climax.

Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.

▲Anticlimax.

ForGod,forAmerica,andforYale.

▲Alliteration.

Moneymakesthemarego.

Prideandprejudice.

Sentence

▲Unity.

○Onecentralidea.

▲Coherence.

○Subject-VerbAgreement.

○Run-onSentence.

○SentenceFragment.

○DanglingModifier.

○FaultyParallelism.

▲Conciseness.

○Unnecessarywords.

○Unnecessaryrepetition.

○Sentencestructure,

▲Emphasis.

○Shortsentence.

○Balancedsentence.

Negative-positivestatements.

Rhetoricalquestions.

Climacticsequence.

Subordination.

Emphaticwordsorphases.

Repeating.

Theuseofverbs.

▲Variety.

■连贯性

○主、从句主语一致.

○单复数.

○时态.（intense.>

○语气（主、被动>

.（invoice.>

○虚拟语气.

○祈使句：

一般省略的主语是YOU.改错时应注意主语.

○Emphasis:

theuseofverbs.（intheactivevoice。

short------strong.>

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Makeadecision。

atthesightof.

Decide。

see.

○写作：

长短句相间.appealtomen’ssenses.

▲Loose,PeriodicandBalancedSentences.

○ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.（松散句>

eUts8ZQVRd

○Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shedecidedtostudyEnglish.（圆周句>

sQsAEJkW5T

Paragraph

Aparagraphisaunit.

▲Theform.

○首行缩进.

○纸张左右空白

○Donotbeginwitheverysentence.

○段落长短由内容决定.

▲Kinds.

○topical

○special

introductory

transitional

conclusion

■Anintroductoryparagraphintroducesthesubject,narrowsitdown,andstatestheessay’sthesis.GMsIasNXkA

■IntroductionDos.

Askaquestion.（Onequestion.>

Relateanincident.

Useavividquotation.

Providebackground.

■Wecanbeginintheintroductoryparagraphwith

Observation.

Quotation.

Ananalogycontrast.

Aquestion.

Arelevantstoryoranecdote.

Aninterestingfactualstatementorpointofview.TIrRGchYzg

Adefinition.

■FunctionsofConcludingParagraph.

summarize.

concise.

welldeveloped.

■ConclusionDos.

Strikeanoteofhopeordesire.

Giveasymbolicorpowerfulfactordetail.

Recommendacourseofaction.

UseaQuotation.（noresearch.>

Reflectontheimplicationsofthethesis.

Drawaconclusionbasedupontheevidenceoftheessay.7EqZcWLZNX

■Wecanendintheconcludingparagraphwith

Asignificantquotationwhichsupportsthethesis.lzq7IGf02E

Aprophecyorawarning.

Aforcefulrestatementofthethesisthroughtheuseofbalance,emphsisorotherrhetoricaldevices.zvpgeqJ1hk

Ageneralization.

NarratingAnEventOrARoutine

▲Whatisit?

○Tonarratemeanstotellaneventoraroutineasastory.NrpoJac3v1

○Thenarrativemaybepurelyfictionaloranaccountofsomerealexperience.1nowfTG4KI

▲Followingchronologicalorder.

▲Differentcharacteristicsofthetwokindsofnarrativewriting.fjnFLDa5Zo

○Aroutineparagraphcoversaseriesofactivitieswithouthavingtogointodetailsofeach.Andoneactivitymaynotberelatedtothenextone.Buttheparagraphdealingwithonlyoneeventconcentratesononestoryandweprovidealotdetailsforit.Besides,thereisusuallyacausalconnectionbetweenonedetailandanotherdetail.tfnNhnE6e5

○SincearoutineparagraphdescribeswhatpeopleregularlydoeverydayoreveryweekendorSunday,thepresenttenseshouldbeusedunlessitisapastroutine,butaone-eventparagraphtalksaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepast,sothepasttenseisused.HbmVN777sL

▲Topicsentence.

○Showthewriter'

sattitude.

○Arousereaders'

curiosity.

○Canbedevelopedwithoneincident.（forone-eventparagraph>

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▲Selectrelevantdetails.

▲Orderoforganizationandverbtense.

○Toachieveacoherentorganization,weshouldusetimeconnectorssuchas"

when,"

"

before,"

and"

after"

toputsentencestogether.83lcPA59W9

HowToWriteBiography

○Alifestoryofanindividualbyanotherauthor.

○Thirdperson.

○Autobiography.

▲Kinds?

○Encyclopedia.

○Directoryoffamouspeople.

○Authorizedbiographies.

○

○Nonfictionbooks.

○Unauthorizedbiographies.

▲Biographiesanalyzeandinterprettheeventsinaperson'

slife.mZkklkzaaP

▲Biographiesuseprimaryandsecondarysources.

▲Requirements.

○Startwiththeencyclopediaandalmanac.

○Thinkaboutwhatyouwanttoknow./Interview------preparesomequestions.AVktR43bpw

Whatmakesthispersonfamousorattractive?

Whatkindofeffectdidheorshehaveontheworld（orotherpeople>

?

ORjBnOwcEd

Whataretheadjectivesyouwouldmostlyusetodescribetheperson?

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Examplesfromtheirlivesillustratethosequalities.gIiSpiue7A

Events.

Obstacles?

Risks?

Lucks?

Wouldtheworldbebetterorworsewithouthim/her?

uEh0U1Yfmh

▲Typicalfeatures.

○Pasttense.

○Keyincidentsofthepersons'

livesarecounted.

○Chronologicalorderalsocontainotherpeople'

views.IAg9qLsgBX

○Pictures.

○Abeginning/openingparagraph------summarize,impressive.WwghWvVhPE

○Amiddle------highlights.

○Anending------furtherinfluences.

▲Guidelinesforplanningandrevisingyourwork..

○Establishanappropriatevoice.

○Buildaconflict.

○Placethereaderinaparticularsetting.

○Providedescriptiveandsensorylanguage.

○Decidingonafocus.

DescribingAPerson,AnObject,APlace[VOCABULARIES]asfpsfpi4k

▲Gooddescriptioncando.

○Readerscanreproducetheimageintheirmind.

○Readerscanrelivetheexperienceasiftheywerethere.ooeyYZTjj1

○Therefore,theycanbeaffectedemotionallybythedescriptivewords.BkeGuInkxI

▲Describingpeople.

○Twomajoraspects:

appearanceandpersonality.

○Thetopicsentenceshowsthewriter'

sattitudeorimpressionoftheperson.PgdO0sRlMo

○Thetopicsentencemustcontainanideatobedevelopedinaparagraph,ratherthansentenceoffacts.3cdXwckm15

○Specificanddescriptivedetailsratherthanjustgeneralremarks.h8c52WOngM

▲Describinganobject.

○Theappearanceofanobjectusuallycoversitsshape,measurements,color,smell,material,textureofsurface,etc.v4bdyGious

○Besidestheappearanceofanobject,wealsodescribeitsvalue,quality,anduse.J0bm4qMpJ9

○Canbeeitherwithorwithoutpersonalfeelings.

sattitudeorimpressionoftheperson.XVauA9grYP

○Thetopicsentencemustcontainanideatobedevelopedinaparagraph,ratherthansentenceoffacts.bR9C6TJscw

○Specificanddescriptivedetailsratherthanjustgeneralremarks.pN9LBDdtrd

○Sentencesaretobeorganizedinspatialorder.

▲Describingaplace.

○Tone.

Objective:

withoutmuchofpersinalfeelings.

Subjective:

withstrongfeelings.

○Thetopicsentenceindicateswhatisgoingtobedescribed,whatthewritter’sattitudeis,andwhatdominantimpressiontheparagraphistomake.DJ8T7nHuGT

○Usedescriptivedetails.

○Whenwedescribeaplace,weshouldnotonlymakeclearwherethingsarelocated,butalsowhattheyarelike.QF81D7bvUA

○Onlywhentheseobjectsarepresentedinproperapatialrelationshiptoeachother,doesthedescriptionachieve