GentooMySQL Startup GuideWord格式文档下载.docx
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#emerge--pretend--verbosemysql
（InstallMySQL）
#emergemysql
Uponcompletionoftheinstallation,youwillseethefollowingnotice:
1.2:
MySQLeinfomessage
Youmightwanttorun:
"
emerge--config=dev-db/mysql-[version]"
ifthisisanewinstall.
Sincethisisanewinstallation,werunthecommand.YouneedtopressENTERwhenpromptedwhileconfiguringtheMySQLdatabase.TheconfigurationsetsupthemainMySQLdatabasewhichcontainsadministrativeinformationsuchasdatabases,tables,users,permissionsandmore.Theconfigurationrecommendsthatyouchangeyourrootpasswordassoonaspossible.Wewilldefinitelydothis,otherwisesomeonecouldcomealongbychanceandhackourdefaultsetupMySQLserver.
1.3:
MySQLconfiguration
（Replace[version]withtheversionnumberyouhavejustinstalled.）
#emerge--config=dev-db/mysql-[version]
*MySQLDATADIRis/var/lib/mysql
*PressENTERtocreatethemysqldatabaseandsetproper
*permissionsonit,orControl-Ctoabortnow...
Preparingdbtable
Preparinghosttable
Preparingusertable
Preparingfunctable
Preparingtables_privtable
Preparingcolumns_privtable
Installingallpreparedtables
Tostartmysqldatboottimeyouhavetocopysupport-files/mysql.server
totherightplaceforyoursystem
PLEASEREMEMBERTOSETAPASSWORDFORTHEMySQLrootUSER!
Todoso,issuethefollowingcommandstostarttheserver
andchangetheapplicablepasswords:
（Notethenext3lines）
/etc/init.d/mysqlstart
/usr/bin/mysqladmin-uroot-hpegasospassword'
new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin-urootpassword'
Dependingonyourconfiguration,a-poptionmaybeneeded
inthelastcommand.Seethemanualformoredetails.
（SomeMySQLnon-ebuildspecificinformationhasbeenremovedfromhere
soastokeepthisdocumentasconsistentaspossible）
*ForsecurityreasonsyoushouldsetyourMySQLroot
*passwordassoonaspossible.
Important:
Asofmysql-4.0.24-r2,passwordsareenteredduringtheconfigphasemakingrootpasswordentrymoresecure.
Theconfigscripthasalreadyprintedoutthecommandsweneedtoruntosetupourpassword,soweshallnowrunthem.
1.4:
SettingupyourMySQLrootpassword
#/etc/init.d/mysqlstart
*Re-cachingdependencyinfo（mtimesdiffer）...
*Startingmysqld（/etc/mysql/f）...[ok]
（Replacenew-passwordwithyourdesiredpassword）
#/usr/bin/mysqladmin-uroot-hlocalhostpassword'
YoucannowtestthatyourrootpasswordwassuccessfullyconfiguredbytryingtologintoyourMySQLserver:
1.5:
LoggingintotheMySQLserverusingmysql
$mysql-uroot-hlocalhost-p
Enterpassword:
WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;
or\g.
YourMySQLconnectionidis4toserverversion:
4.0.25
Type'
help;
'
or'
\h'
forhelp.Type'
\c'
toclearthebuffer.
mysql>
The-uswitchsetstheuserthatwillbeloggingin.The-hswitchsetsthehost.Thiswillusuallybelocalhostunlessyouaresettinguparemoteserver.Finally,-ptellsthemysqlclientthatyouwillbeenteringapasswordtoaccessyourdatabase.Noticethemysql>
prompt.Thisiswhereyoutypeinallyourcommands.Nowthatwe'
reinthemysqlpromptastherootuser,wecanbegintosetupourdatabase.
2.
SettingUpTheDatabase
CreatingADatabase
Wehaveloggedinandamysqlpromptisdisplayed.Firstlet'
stakealookatthedatabaseswecurrentlyhave.Todoso,weusetheSHOWDATABASEScommand.
2.1:
DisplayingMySQLdatabases
SHOWDATABASES;
+----------+
|Database|
|mysql|
|test|
2rowsinset（0.09sec）
PleaserememberthatMySQLcommandsshouldendwithasemicolon--;
Despitethefactthatatestdatabaseisalreadycreated,wearegoingtocreateourown.DatabasesarecreatedusingtheCREATEDATABASEcommand.We'
llcreateonenamed"
gentoo"
.
2.2:
Creatingthegentoodatabase
CREATEDATABASEgentoo;
QueryOK,1rowaffected（0.08sec）
Theresponseletsusknowthatthecommandwasexecutedwithoutanyerrors.Inthiscase,1rowwasmodified.Thisisareferencetothemainmysqldatabase,whichcarriesalistofallthedatabases.Youwon'
tneedtoworrytoomuchaboutthebackgrounddetails.Thelastnumberishowfastthequerywasexecuted.WecanverifythedatabasewascreatedbyrunningtheSHOWDATABASEScommandagain.
2.3:
Verifingthedatabaseiscreated
|gentoo|
3rowsinset（0.00sec）
Indeedourdatabasehasbeencreated.Inordertoworkwithcreatingtablesforournewgentoodatabase,weneedtoselectitasourcurrentdatabase.Todoso,weusetheUSEcommand.TheUSEcommandtakesthenameofthedatabaseyouwishtouseasyourcurrentdatabase.Anotheroptionistosetitonthecommandlineafterthe-Dswitch.Let'
sgoaheadandswitchtothegentoodatabase.
2.4:
Switchingourdatabase
USEgentoo;
Databasechanged
Andthecurrentdatabaseisnowourpreviouslycreatedgentoodatabase.Nowthatwe'
reusingit,wecanstarttocreatesometablesandputinformationinthem.
3.
WorkingWithTablesInMySQL
CreatingaTable
InthestructureofMySQL,therearedatabases,tables,records,andfields.Databasesholdtogethertables,tablesholdtogetherrecords,recordsholdtogetherfields,whichcontaintheactualinformation.Thisstructureletsusersselecthowtheywanttoaccesstheirinformation.Sofarwe'
vedealtwithdatabases,nowlet'
sworkwithtables.Firstoff,tablescanbelistedsimiliarlytodatabasesusingtheSHOWTABLEScommand.Rightnowtherearenotablesinourgentoodatabase,asrunningthecommandwillshowus:
3.1:
EmptygentooDatabase
SHOWTABLES;
Emptyset（0.00sec）
Thismeansweneedtocreatesometables.Inordertodoso,weusetheCREATETABLEcommand.However,thiscommandisquitedifferentfromsimpleCREATEDATABASEcommand.Thiscommandtakesalistofarguments.Theformisasfollows:
3.2:
CREATETABLESyntax
CREATETABLE[table_name]（[field_name][field_data_type]（[size]））;
table_nameisthenameofthetablewewishtocreate.Inthiscase,let'
smakeatablenameddevelopers.Thistablewillcontainthedeveloper'
sname,emailandjob.field_namewillcontainthenameofthefield.Wehave3requirednamesinthiscase:
name,email,andjob.Thefield_data_typeiswhattypeofinformationwillbestored.ThedifferentformatsavailablecanbefoundattheMySQLColumnTypesPage.Forourpurposes,we'
llusetheVARCHARdatatypeforallofourfields.VARCHARisoneofthesimplestofdatatypeswhenitcomestoworkingwithstrings.sizeishowmuchofdataasinglefieldwillstore.Inthiscase,we'
lluse128.ThismeansthatthefieldcanhaveVARCHARdatathatis128bytes.Youcansafelythinkofthisas128charactersforthetimebeing,thoughthereisasomewhatmoretechnicalexplanationthattheabovesitewillprovideyouwith.Nowthatweknowhowwearegoingtocreatethetable,let'
sdoit.
3.3:
Creatingourtable
CREATETABLEdevelopers（nameVARCHAR（128）,emailVARCHAR（128）,jobVARCHAR（128））;
QueryOK,0rowsaffected（0.11sec）
Lookslikeourtablewascreatedok.Let'
scheckitwiththeSHOWTABLEScommand:
3.4:
Verifyingourtable
+------------------+
|Tables_in_gentoo|
|developers|
1rowinset（0.00sec）
Yes,there'
sourtable.However,itdoesn'
tseemtohaveanyinformationonthetypesoffieldswesetup.Forthat,weusetheDESCRIBEcommand（orDESCforshort）,whichtakesthenameofthetableasitsargument.Let'
sseewhatthatgivesusforourdeveloperstable.
3.5:
Describingourdeveloperstable
DESCRIBEdevelopers;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
|Field|Type|Null|Key|Default|Extra|
|name|varchar（128）|YES||NULL||
|email|varchar（128）|YES||NULL||
|job|varchar（128）|YES||NULL||
Thisshowsthedifferentfieldsandtheirtypes.Italsoshowsafewextraattributesthatarebeyondthescopeofthishowto.FeelfreetorefertotheMySQLReferenceManualformoreinformation.Wenowhaveatabletoworkwith.Nowlet'
sgoaheadandpopulateit.
PopulatingOurMySQLDatabase
Wepopulateatable（oradddata）usingtheINSERTcommand.LiketheCREATETABLEcommand,italsohasaspecificformat:
3.6:
INSERTSyntax
INSERTINTOtable（col1,col2,...）VALUES（'
value1'
'
value2'
...）;
Thiscommandisusedtoinsertarecordintotable.tablecont
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