英语论文 大学商务写作Final business report about euthanasiaWord格式文档下载.docx

英语论文 大学商务写作Final business report about euthanasiaWord格式文档下载.docx

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Thepurposeofthereportistocollectabouteuthanasia’sinformationfromalargeamountofcrediblenewssources,publishedliteratureandclassicalarticles.Thesematerialsandargumentswillbedividedintosevenaspectstoshowtoyou.

Citations:

•FromOxfordDictionary,euthanasiameanspainlesskillingofapatientsufferingfromanincurableandpainfuldisease.

•Euthanasiaapplicationconditions:

first,thepatient'

sdiseasecannotbehealedbycurrentmedicalscience.Second,thediseasecausesthepatientphysicalandmentalpain.Bothofthemareindispensable.

•Deathmustistheendoflifeanditwaitingforeveryone.Nobodycanavoidit.Sotherightofsubsistencebelongstoourselves,wereservetherighttohandleourlife,includingchoosingthemannertoendourlife,likeeuthanasia.

•Asthemedicalsciencedeveloping,therewillnobeincurablediseasesanditisnotgoodatencouragingthedevelopmentofbreakthroughincurableresearch.

•EuthanasiaisagainstthelawintheUKwhereitisillegaltohelpanyonekillthemselves.Voluntaryeuthanasiaorassistedsuicidecanleadtoimprisonmentofupto14years.

•LegislatingabouteuthanasiamusttocombinewithdeatheducationandHospice.

•Societypaysmoreandmoreattentiontoeuthanasia.Notonlyreflectstheconsciousnessofhumanrightshasbeenimproved,butalsoshowthatoursocialcivilizationlevelisrising.Itismeaningful.

Summary:

IThedefinitionsofeuthanasiainmanydictionariesandlaws

IIExecutionstandardsoftakingeuthanasia

IIIThepositiveattitudestowardseuthanasia

IVThenegativeattitudestowardseuthanasia

VEuthanasiapolicyineachcountry

VIManyissueneedtosolve

ReportBody:

（Keywords:

definitions,dictionary）

ThewordofeuthanasiacomesfromGreekword‘eu’and‘thanatos’，itiscomposedoftowwordsbeautyanddeath.①Voluntaryeuthanasiaforolderpeoplefoundapprovalincertainancientsocietiesbutbecamemorallyunacceptablewiththeriseoforganisedreligion–Judaism,ChristianityandIslamcondemneuthanasiaandBuddhismandHinduismgenerallyfrownonthepractice.Theoldmeaningofthewordisdiedquietlyandpeacefullywithoutdiseasepain.Atpresent,whenwelookitupindictionarywecanfindthateuthanasiameanspainlesskillingofapatientsufferingfromanincurableandpainfuldiseasefromOxfordDictionary.②Euthanasiaisaterminationofaverysickperson'

slifeinordertorelievetheirsuffering.Apersonwhoundergoeseuthanasiausuallyhasanincurablecondition.Butthereareotherinstanceswheresomepeoplewanttheirlifetobeended.

Execution,Standards）

Euthanasiaapplicationconditions:

sdiseasecannot

behealedbycurrentmedicalscience.Second,thediseasecausesthepatientphysicalandmentalpain.Bothofthemareindispensable.③LiAnhua,doctor,ShenzhenRedCrossHospitalEuthanasiameanstheterminationoflifebyadoctorattheexpressedwishofapatient.Therequesttothedoctormustbevoluntary,explicitandcarefullyconsideredanditmusthavebeenmaderepeatedly.④

Positive,Attitudes）

Deathmustistheendoflifeanditwaitingforeveryone.Nobodycanavoiditandwemusthaveameetingwithit.Sotherightofsubsistencebelongstoourselves,wereservetherighttohandleourlife,includingchoosingthemannertoendourlife,choosingawaydecentlycomfortableformofdeathtoending.Thisshouldn’tviolatethelawandmorality.⑤Approximately4,000patientsayeardiethroughactiveeuthanasiaintheformofalethalinjectionthatkillsinminutes.OverhalfofDutchdoctorshaveperformedmercykillingswiththerequiredconsentandconsultationandatleast90%ofthepopulationsupporteuthanasia.TheBMJstudyfoundthatin1995almosttwothirdsofcasesofeuthanasiaandphysician-assistedsuicidewentunreported.⑥Mostpeoplethinkunbearablepainisthemainreasonpeopleseekeuthanasia,butsomesurveysintheUSAandtheNetherlandsshowedthatlessthanathirdofrequestsforeuthanasiawerebecauseofseverepain.Terminallyillpeoplecanhavetheirqualityoflifeseverelydamagedbyphysicalconditionssuchasincontinence,nauseaandvomiting,breathlessness,paralysisanddifficultyinswallowing.Psychologicalfactorsthatcausepeopletothinkofeuthanasiainclude

depression,fearinglossofcontrolordignity,feelingaburden,ordislikeofbeingdependent.

Negative,Attitudes）

Asthemedicalsciencedeveloping,therewillnobeincurablediseasesanditisnotgoodatencouragingthedevelopmentofbreakthroughincurableresearch.⑦Ontheotherhand,Iwouldworryaboutpsychologicalpressurestooptforeuthanasia.Ihavereadthat,forexample,whentheStateofOregonrefusestopayforanexpensivenewdrugforanelderlypatient,itautomaticallysendsoutareminderthattheStateassistedsuicideprogrammeisavailableataffordablerates.⑧

policy,eachcountry）

EuthanasiaisagainstthelawintheUKwhereitisillegaltohelpanyonekillthemselves.Voluntaryeuthanasiaorassistedsuicidecanleadtoimprisonmentofupto14years.⑨EuthanasiahasbeencommonplaceinHollandfor25years,andlegalchallengehasbeenrare.IthasnotbeenacriminaloffenceinHollandsince1984,whencourtsandtheRoyalDutchMedicalAssociationdrewupstrictguidelinesfordoctors.EuthanasiahasbeendebatedinAmericaandEuropesincethe19thcenturybutonlyrecentlyreceivedlegalsanctioninafewcountries.In1993theNetherlandsdecriminalizedphysician-assistedsuicideandfurtherrelaxedrestrictionsin2002.Euthanasiaislegallyallowedtheresolongas:

thepatient’ssufferingisunendurable;

theconditionunimprovable;

thepatientpersistentlyandvoluntarilyrequestseuthanasia;

isatleast12yearsold;

andisfullyawareofhisorhercondition.Belgiumalsoapprovedphysician-assistedsuicidein2002.⑩In1994theStateofOregon,US,enactedtheDeathwithDignityActallowingdoctorstoassistpatientswithsixmonthsorlesstolivetoendtheirlives.In2008WashingtonbecamethesecondUSStatetolegalizephysician-assistedsuicide.

Issue,Solve）

TheproposedchangesinDutchlawhavethebroadsupportofpoliticians.WillieSwiden,oftheDutchAll-PartyJusticeCommittee,said:

"

Wewanttochangethepenalcodesothateuthanasiawillstayacrimeoffence,butwhenthedoctorhandlesitproperly,meetsallthecriteriaandreportsproperlytherewillbenopossibilityofprosecution."

Buttherearefearsthatthesystemisalreadybeingabused.Anecdotalevidencesuggeststhatsomeelderlypeoplecarrycardssayingtheydonotwanteuthanasia.Itissaidtheyfearwhatwillhappeniftheyaresuddenlyhospitalized.Opponentsofeuthanasiawarnthattheliberalattitudetoeuthanasiaisfraughtwithdangers.Theysayeuthanasiahasbeenofferedtopeoplesufferingfromdepression,orevenasaconvenience.DrBenZylicz,oftheDutchLeagueofDoctors,said:

IhaveheardaboutapatientwherethefamilycamefromCanadabecauseofplannedeuthanasia."

Thepatientsaid,'

no,nottodayIdon'

twantitanymore'

andeverybodypressedhimsaying'

lookyourfamilycamefromCanada,theycannotdoitagain.⑾Euthanasiaraisesanumberofagonisingmoraldilemmas:

•isiteverrighttoendthelifeofaterminallyillpatientwhoisundergoingseverepainandsuffering?

•underwhatcircumstancescaneuthanasiabejustifiable,ifatall?

•isthereamoraldifferencebetweenkillingsomeoneandlettingthemdie?

Attheheartoftheseargumentsarethedifferentideasthatpeoplehaveaboutthemeaningandvalueofhumanexistence.

Conclusion：

Fromallreportbody,wemusttothinkdeeplyaboutthequestion.Societypaysmoreandmoreattentiontoeuthanasia.Notonlyreflectstheconsciousnessofhumanrightshasbeenimproved,butalsoshowthatoursocialcivilizationlevelisrising.Westarttothinkaboutthevalueofdeath,weknow,thepersonaliveismeaningfulandvaluable,whenthemandied,alsohavespecialmeaning,heorsheobtainthefreeoflifeanddignity.Inotherword,ourdeathalsoneedstobedignity.Euthanasiaisacomplexprobleminvolvesmedicine,laws,sociology,politicalscienceandethics,moral,customsandsoon.Wemustregardthisissueasimportantsegmentofhumancivilizationdevelopment,itmustbelistedinagenda.

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