卫仲蕾被动语态Word格式文档下载.docx
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主语是动作的接受者为被动语态,如:
Theybuiltthebridge.
Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.
3、被动语态的构成:
“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”(人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的),以下为各时态被动语态的结构式:
被动语态的构成
一般现在时:
is/am/are+done
Thissongisoftensungbychildren.
一般过去时:
was/were+done
The29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijingin2008.
一般将来时:
willbe+done
Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.
过去将来时:
wouldbe+done
Theoldscientistsaidhewouldbeinvitedtochairthemeeting.
现在进行时:
is/am/are+beingdone
Anewcinemaisbeingbuilt.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.
过去进行时:
was/were+beingdone
Whenwewenttoseehim,hewasbeingoperatedon.
现在完成时:
has/have+been+done
Moreeffectivemeasureshavebeentakentosolvetheproblem.
过去完成时:
had+been+done
Hecameandtoldusthattheworkhadbeenfinished.
将来完成时:
will+have+been+done
Youwillhavebeenaskedforawalkthistimetomorrow.
【补充】情态动词被动语态结构式:
can/must/may…+be+done
e.g.Theworkmustbefinishedtoday.
【针对训练】
一、将下列句子改为被动语态
1.Mysistermadethesoup.
→Thesoup__________________________bymysister.
2.Theworkerscouldnotfindthemanager.
→Themanager____________________________________________bytheworkers.
3.Mybrotherwillrepairmybikeforme.
→Mybike_____________________________bymybrotherforme.
4.Youmustcleanyourwatchonceayear.
→Yourwatch__________________________________onceayear.
5.Theyhavebuiltabridgeovertheriver.
→Abridge_________________________________overtheriver.
6.Heissweepingthefloor.
→Thefloor_________________________________________byhim.
7.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.
→Theclassroom______________________everyday.
8.Wearepaintingthenewhouse.
→Thenewhouse_____________________________________byus.
4、基本用法:
1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,如:
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.
Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.
2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心,如:
TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.
Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.
3)由于礼貌等方面的考虑,不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时,可以不出现动作的执行者,如:
Youareinvitedtoapartytonight.
Brown’sbikegotstolen.
【歌诀】谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;
动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到
5、主动变被动的方法与注意事项:
1)通常的办法是:
将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be/get+过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
如:
LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.
→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.
2)将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主语,而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。
Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.
→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.
【注意】表示“使、让”的动词make,have等,以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等,在主动语态中,接不定式做宾语补足语时,不定式前的to要省略,而变为被动语态时,成为主语补足语的不定式,则必须带to。
Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.
→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.
3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后;
也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。
但一般采用后一种用法。
Hegavemethepenlastyear.
→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.
【补充】一般说来,间接宾语前带to的动词有:
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等;
间接宾语前带for的动词有:
book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。
4)动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被动语态,常有两种结构形式。
Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.
Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.
5)短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。
Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.
Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.
Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.
6)动词不定式的被动语态:
即把todo变成tobedone,如:
Whatasweetvictorytobeinvitedbythosewomen!
一、把下列句子变成被动语态
1.Hismothertoldhimastory.
He_____________________astorybyhismother.
Astory___________________________himbyhismother.
2.Heoftenlendsmeapen.
I_________often_________apenbyhim.
Apen________often___________________mebyhim.
3.Theytakegoodcareofthechildren.
Thechildren___________________goodcare___________.
4.Mymomgavemesomemoney.
→Somemoney_______________________tomebymom.
I_______________________somemoneybymom.
5.Heboughthisdaughteralotofclothes.
→Hisdaughter___________________________alotofclothes.
Alotofclothes______________________________________hisdaughter.
6.Ioftenseeherplaybasketballintheplayground.
→She___________________________________basketballintheplayground.
6、不用被动语态的情况:
1)不及物动词(vi.)不用被动语态。
happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,die,end,fail,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.…
eg.Atrafficaccident____________(happen)justnow.
Thepricehasrisen.
2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
have,marry,own,sufferfrom,happento,belongto等,
Thiskeybelongstome.
Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
3)连系动词不用被动语态。
be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…
Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.
Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.
7、主动表被动的情况:
1)在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义,如:
Thehouseneedscleaning.
=Thehouseneedstobecleaned.
2)beworth后的动名词要用主动表被动,如:
Thismovieisworthseeing.
Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.
3)某些“be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义,如:
Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.
Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.
4)不定式用于某些动词(如have,havegot,get等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,如:
Ihavesomeclothestowash.
MissGreenhassomeimportantletterstosend.
5)在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式todosth为被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式),如:
Theteaistoohottodrink.
Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.
()1.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened
()2.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
()3.Olderpeople____well.
A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafter
C.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
()4.Ourteacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten
C.belistenedD.islistened
()5.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;
useB.was;
usedC.is;
usedD.are;
used
()6.I____insummer.
A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn
()7.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()8.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
【中考链接】
1.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger,soChinese________inmoreAmericanschoolsnow.
A.wastaughtB.istaughtC.teachesD.taught
2.---Didyouwinthefootballgame?
---Badluck.Ourteam__________inthefinalone.
A.wonB.beatC.waswonD.wasbeaten
3.-Thispainting________toamuseuminNewYorkin1977.
A.sellsB.soldC.wassoldD.issold
4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.
A.plant
B.planted
C.wereplanted
D.areplanted
5.Drivingafterdrinkingwine
inChina.
A.allows
B.doesn'
tallow
C.isallowed
D.isn'
tallowed
6.Don'
tworry.Yourpackage
hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.
A.willkeep
B.haskept
C.willbekept
D.hasbeenkept
7.
It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.
A.see
B.willsee
C.areseeing
D.areseen
8.Peoplewhodrinkwine______todriveafterMayDay.
A.don’tallow
B.isn’tallowed
C.mustn’tallow
D.mustn’tbeallowed
9.—WhathappenedtoBilly?
—He________becauseofhisdrink-driving.
A.iscaught
B.wascaught
C.hascaught
D.hadcaught
10.TheSpringFestival__________inJanuaryorFebruary.
A.celebrates
B.iscelebrated
C.celebrated
D.wascelebrated
【巩固练习】
一.单项选择
1.Thisphoto______tenyearsago.
A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken
2.Youcanonlyusethedictionarieshere;
they______outofthereadingroom.
A.cantakeB.can’ttakeC.canbetakenD.can’tbetaken
3.Itissaidthatanewschool______heresoon.
A.willbuiltB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.isbuilding
4.---Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?
---Morenewroads________,Ithink.
A.mustbuildB.arebuiltC.havebuiltD.mustbebuilt
5.---Whencanwegettheexamresults?
---They_______toyounextMonday.
A.willbesentB.aresendingC.willsendD.aresent
6.English_______byabout400millionpeopleinEnglishspeakingcountries.
A.isspokenB.speaksC.speakD.arespoken
7.---I’veneverseenthetallbuildinghere!
---Oh,it_________lastyear.
A.wasbuiltB.wasbuildingC.buildsD.built
8.---I_______therewouldbeafootballmatchonChannel5tomorrow.
A.willtellB.havetoldC.wastoldD.wasn’t
9.We’llhavethreedaysoffifthework_______.
A.finishB.canfinishC.wasfinishedD.canbefinished
10.Afootballmatch_______inourschoolnextMonday.
A.willholdB.willbeheldC.isgoingtoholdD.holds
二、根据提示以及上下文,用动词的适当形式填空。
1.HanHan'
ssuccesscannotalwaysbe______________(see)easily.
2.Myhomeworkhasbeen_____________(finish).
3.Thelibrarywas_______________(bulid)80yearsago.
4.Ifcitynoisesareincreasing,peoplewillbehardly____________(hear)oneday
5.Therooms_________________(paint)now,soLadyGagacan’tlivein.