过去完成时和虚拟语气讲解和练习Word文档下载推荐.docx
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TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.
2.由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在:
(1)宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。
在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。
Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.
(2)状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。
Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
注意:
before,after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。
Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"
原本…,未能…"
Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn'
t.
3.根据上、下文来判定。
ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'
tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.
单项选择
1.Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.
A.whereIhadbeen
B.whereIhadgone
C.wherehadIbeen
D.wherehadIgone
2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?
A.did,do
B.has,
done
Cdid,did.
D.had,
done
3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。
A.learned
B.waslearning
C.hadlearned
D.learnt
4.She______livedherefor______years.
A.had,
afew
B.has,
several
C.had,
alotof
D.has,
agreatdealof
5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.
Ahadcooked
B.cooked
C.havecooked
D.wascooked
6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealready
A.hasseen
B.saw
C.willsee
D.hadseen
7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.
A.hashidden,from
B.hadhidden,from
C.hashidden,with
D.hadhidden,with
8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.
A.
hascompleteduniversity
B.hascompletedtheuniversity
B.
hadcompletedanuniversity
D.hadcompleteduniversity
9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.
A.for
B.in
C.by
D.at
10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.
Ahadlearned,piano
B.hadlearned,thepiano
C.haslearned,thepiano
D.learns,piano.
用动词的适当形式填空
1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.
2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).
3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).
4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen_______
(arrive).
5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.
6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)
aphonecall.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.
二.与将来事实相反
1.
should+动词原形
2.
动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Would+动词原形
Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?
IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
Would+have+过去分词
IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)
(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
3.
有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest,advise,recommend,demand,
require,insist,urge,request,order,+that…(should)+动词原形
decide,ask,move,propose等
在此结构中that不可省略;
should省不省均可。
Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时,that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
Heinsiststhatheisright.
2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
imperative,advisable,动词完成式
Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that…(should)+
essential,strange,等动词原形
Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.
Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反
IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)
IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)
Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.
wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:
hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
试比较:
(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)
(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)
4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如:
Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.
Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.
5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如:
It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.
It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.
虚拟语气用在主语从句中
Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should加动词原形,should可省略。
Itis可用的词有三类that(should)do
suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等
important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等
apity,ashame,nowonder等
虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should)+动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:
advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution(决议),idea等。
eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff.
虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should)+动词原形。
advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.
虚拟语气用在定语从句中
Itis(about/high)time+thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth..
eg.Don'
tyouthinkit'
sabouttimewewenthome?
注:
在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
eg.IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?
虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1.在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。
如:
Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病,他俩去办公室。
2.由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。
从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。
HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。
Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。
3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),forfearthat及incase引导的目的状语从句中。
在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should+动词原形构成,should也可省略。
eg.Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.
虚拟语气用情感语言中
1.虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气。
eg.Youshouldn'
thavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely;
youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.
2.Ifonlysb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语
eg.IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.
虚拟语气专项练习
1.--Willyoucometotheparty?
---__________youalsoinviteBlade.
A.WhynotB.OnlyifC.IfnotD.When
2.IfI_______you,I_______gothere.
A.is;
willB.is;
wouldC.were;
wouldD.was;
will
3.Ifitraintomorrow,We’llgoonatrip.
A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.won’t
4.Idon’tknowifhe_______tomorrow.
A.WillcomeB.comesC.cameD.hascome
5.TheheadmasterwithhisstudentsHangzhouParadiseParkifittomorrow.
A.isgoingto;
isn’trainyB.aregoingto;
isn’trainy
C.isgoingto;
won’trainD.aregoingto;
doesn’train
6.IfI________amilliondollars,Iwouldgiveittomedicalresearch.
A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.amhaving
7.IfI_______you,Iwouldsayanotherstudentcoulddoitbetter.
A.wasB.wereC.wereD.are
8.—Whatwouldyoudoifyouthelottery?
—Igivehalfofthemoneytocharities.
A.win,willB.win,wouldC.won,willD.won,would
9.Iamtoobusynow.IfI____free,I____tothecinemawithyou.
A.am;
willgoB.am;
wouldgoC.were;
wouldgoD.was;
wasgoing
10.What_____youdoifyouhadamilliondollars?
A.wouldB.willC.didD.do
11.—I’mgoingtoLarry’sparty.ButIdon’tknowwhattowear.
—IfI___you,I_______wearadress.
willB.were;
C.were;
wouldD.am;
would
12.IfI___you,I___beafraid.
A.was,wouldn’tB.were,won’tC.were,wouldn’t
13.IfI____Alice,I_____themthetruth.
A.was,wouldtellB.were,wouldtell
C.am,willtellD.is,willtell
14.---IfI_______onemilliondollars,Iwouldgiveittomedicalresearch.
---IfI_______you,Iwouldgiveittocharity.
A.willhave,amB.wouldhave,wasC.had,wereD.have,is
15.IfI_______you,Iwould_______myhomeworkmyself.
A.wa