英语二阅读真题同源过关练习20篇Word格式.docx
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C.
挑五个句子翻译
D.
将文中单词认真背完
LastmonthSherylSandberg,chiefoperatingofficeratFacebook,published
“LeanIn”,acontroversialmanifestoonwhywomenhavenotascendedtothemostseniorpositionsatcompanies.
Sheconcludesthatitispartlywomen’sownfault:
theydonot
“leanin”andaskforpromotions,pipeupatmeetingsandinsistontakingaseatatthetable.
Threenewbookswillnothavethesameimpactas
“LeanIn”,buttheyoffersomeinterestingnewperspectivesonhowwomenarecopingatwork,andwhatisholdingthemback.Someofitisdowntosimplemiscommunication.
BarbaraAnnisandJohnGrayarguein
“WorkWithMe”
thatmenandwomenarebiologicallywiredtothinkandreactdifferentlytosituations,andhave
“genderblindspots”
whenitcomestounderstandingtheirco-workers’
behavior.MsAnnis,wholeadsworkshopsongenderforbigcompaniesandgovernments,andMrGray,authorof
“MenarefromMars,WomenarefromVenus”,abestsellingbookin1992aboutrelationshipproblems,havecollaboratedtoproduceaneasy-to-readguidetoworkplacecommunications.
Womenaskmorequestions,gathermorepeople’sopinionsandseekcollaborationwithco-workersmorefrequentlythanmen.Menviewthesepreferencesassignsofweakness,andwomen,inturn,growannoyedbyhowcompetitivelymenwork,andhowquicklyandunilaterallytheyarriveatconclusions.Ifbothfemaleandmaleemployeesbecamemore“genderintelligent”
abouthowtheirworkandbehavioralpreferencesarehard-wired,itwouldcontributetoamoreharmoniousworkforce.
Womenhavebeenchoosingtoleavecompaniesattwicetherateofmen,andmorethanhalfthewomenwhomtheauthorsmetinworkshopswereconsideringleavingtheirfirms.Womenoftentelltheirbossesthattheyarequittingforpersonalreasons,butthemajorityactuallyleavebecausetheyfeelexcludedfromteamsandnotvaluedfortheircontributions.Yettherealityisthatwomenoftenhavetroublecommunicatingwithotherwomenatworkaswell,thoughtheauthorsdonotexplaininquiteasmuchdetailwhythisisso.Communicationandgenderequalityarenotjustproblemsatlargefirms.
Mostpeopleagreethatmoreneedstochangeintheworkplace.Menstilloccupymosttopjobs,donotfeelcomfortablementoringyoungerwomenandjudgeyoungmendifferentlyfromyoungwomen.However,afterdecadesofwomenfailingtogainequalrepresentationinexecutivesuites,itisnotablehowmanybooksnowfocusonwomenalteringtheirbehavior,ratherthanmenchangingtheirwayofdoingthings.Womencannotchangetheirfateontheirown.Isn’ttheresponsibilityformento
“leanin”
tolistenandadvancewomenintheworkforce?
1Thebook
“LeanIn”
inthebeginningisusedto_______.
A.explainthereasonsofgenderprejudice
B.introducethetopictobediscussed
C.describeagreatandadmirablewoman
D.depictsurvivingskillsinworkplace
2AccordingtoBarbaraAnnisandJohnGray,genderblindspotsattributeto_______.
A.inherentdistinctions
B.differentthinkingpatterns
C.educationaldifferences
D.unique
cognitions
3A
betterrelationshipinworkingmaycomeoutof_______.
A.moreintelligence
B.betterunderstandingofsexualimpact
C.bettercontrolofbehavior
D.goodperformanceinworking
4AllofthefollowingaspectsarethereasonswhywomenleavecompaniesExcept_______.
A.theircontributionsareoverlooked
B.theyfindithardtointegrateintoworkinggroups
C.therearesomeproblemsincommunication
D.sexualdiscriminationisincreasinglyserious
5Theauthor’sattitudetowardsmales’
helpingfemalesinworkingcanbedescribedas_______.
A.indifferentB.biasedC.
supportive
D.
opposed
英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载二:
五段
435
动物实验与健康
做题
找到出题处
将文中单词认真背完
Onceuponatimetheoverstressedexecutivebellowingordersintoatelephone,cancellingmeetings,stayinglateattheofficeanddyingofaheartattackwasastereotypeofmodernity.Thatwasbeforethe
Whitehall
studies,aseriesofinvestigationsofBritishcivilservantsbeguninthe1960s.Thesestudiesfoundthatthetruthispreciselytheopposite.Thoseatthetopofthepeckingorderactuallyhavetheleaststressfulandmosthealthylives.Cardiacarrest-and,indeed,earlydeathfromanycause-istheprerogativeofunderlings.
Suchresultshavesincebeenconfirmedmanytimes,bothinhumansocietiesandinotherprimatespecieswithstrongsocialhierarchies.Butwhereasthepatterniswell-understood,thebiologicalmechanismsunderlyingitarenot.AstudyjustpublishedintheProceedingsofthe
National
Academy
ofSciences,however,shedssomelightonthematter.
Init,agroupofresearchersledbyJennyTungandYoavGiladatthe
University
of
Chicago
lookedattheeffectsofstatusonrhesusmacaques.Experiencehasshownthatthesemonkeysdisplaythesimianequivalentofthe
studies'
findings.Thehighriskofdiseaseamongthoseatthebottomoftheheapinbothcasessuggeststhatbiochemicalresponsestolowstatusaffectacreature'
simmunesystem.Thoseresponsesmust,inturn,dependonchangesinthewaythecreatures'
genesareexpressed.Toinvestigatethisphenomenonmeansmanipulatingsocialhierarchies,butthatwouldbehard(andprobablyunethical)ifitweredonetohumanbeings.Youcan,however,doittomonkeys,andtheresearchersdid.
DrTungandDrGiladtook49middle-rankingfemalemacaquesandsplitthemintogroupsoffourorfive.Theresearcherswereabletocontrolwhereinagroupanindividualrankedbytheorderinwhichitwasintroducedintoitsgroup(newlyintroducedmonkeysalmostalwaysadoptarolesubordinatetoexistinggroupmembers).Thehierarchiesthusestablished,theteamconductedtestsoncellsinthemonkeys'
blood,inanattempttodeterminetheeffectofamacaque'
srankonherbiochemistryand,inparticular,onhowrankinfluencestheactivityofvariousgenes.
Aswithanyanimalstudy,thisonecannotsimplybe
mappedstraightonto
humans.Butitdoesprovidepointersthatresearcherswhoworkonpeoplecanuse.Inparticular,theexperimentensuredthatsocialrankwastheonlyfactorbeingchanged,providingstrongevidencethatthechainofcausalityrunsfromlowsocialstatus,throughadisruptedimmunesystemtoworsehealth,andnottheotherwayaround.Thebestmedicine,then,ispromotion.Prosper,andlivelong.
1.
Executivesatthehighrank_______.
A.leadahappyandmeaningfullife
B.sufferfromtremendousstress
C.fallintovictimsofviolence
D.haveapressure-freeandhealthylife
2.
Thereasonwhytheexperimentisperformedonmonkeysisthat_______.
itiseasyandhaslesstodowith
moralprinciples
monkeysarewillingtobedoneso
humanbeingsaremoreselfishandself-centered
theexperimentisdifficultandcostly
3.
Thehierarchiesarebuilt
by
the
means
of_______.
A.measuringtheirweight
B.predictingtheirdevelopment
C.judgingtheirability
D.definingtheirsequence
4.
Thephrase
‘mappedonto’
inthelastparagraphmaymean_______.
A.deprivedofB.appliedtoC.translatedintoD.regardedas
5.
Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe_______.
modernleadersandleadership
neversaynever
socialstatusandhealth
rank,animalexperimentationsandpressure
英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载三:
450
心理学
“ISSINoriginal?
”
ThatisthequestionaddressedbyShaulShalvi,apsychologistattheUniversityofAmsterdam,inapaperjustpublishedinPsychologicalScience.DrShalviandhiscolleagues,OriEldarandYoellaBereby-MeyerofBen-GurionUniversityinIsrael,wantedtoknowiftheimpulsetocheatissomethingthatgrowsordiminisheswhenthepotentialcheaterhastimeforreflectiononhisactions.Ischeating,inotherwords,instinctiveorcalculating?
Appropriately,theresearchers’
apparatusfortheirexperimentwasthaticonofsinfulactivity,thegamblingdie.Theywantedtofindoutwhetherpeopleweremorelikelytolieabouttheresultofadierollwhenaskedthatresultimmediately,orwhengiventimetothink.
Tocarryouttheirexperiment,DrShalvi,DrEldarandDrBereby-Meyergaveeachof76volunteersasix-sideddieandacup.Participantsweretoldthatanumberofthem,chosenatrandom,wouldearntenshekels(about$2.50)foreachpipofthenumeraltheyrolledonthedie.Theyweretheninstructedtoshaketheircups,checktheoutcomeoftherolleddieandrememberthisroll.Next,theywereaskedtorollthedietwomoretimes,tosatisfythemselvesthatitwasnotloaded,and,thatdone,toentertheresultofthefirstrollonacomputerterminal.Halfoftheparticipantsweretoldtocompletethisprocedurewithin20secondswhiletheothersweregivennotimelimit.
Theresearchershadnowayofknowingwhatnumbersparticipantsactuallyrolled,ofcourse.Buttheyknew,statistically,thattheaverageroll,ifpeoplereportedhonestly,shouldhavebeen3.5.Thisgavethemabaselinefromwhichtocalculateparticipants’
honesty.Thoseforcedtoentertheirresultswithin20seconds,theresearchersfound,reportedameanrollof4.6.Thosewhowerenotunderanytimepressurereportedameanrollof3.9.Bothgroupslied,then.Butthosewhohadhadmoretimeforreflectionliedless.
Asecondexperimentconfirmedthisresult.Adifferentbunchofvolunteerswereaskedtorollthediejustonce.Again,halfwereputundertimepressureand,sincetherewerenoadditionalrollstomake,therestrictionwaschangedfrom20secondstoeight.Theotherswereallowedtoconsiderthematterforaslongastheywished.
Theconclusion,therefore,atleastinthematter