美国宪法全文及参考译文.docx

美国宪法全文及参考译文.docx

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美国宪法全文及参考译文

美国宪法全文及参考译文

TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica

美国宪法

编辑：

宗亚平

ypzong@

www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html:

TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Preamble

WethePeopleoftheUnitedStates,inOrdertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishJustice,insuredomesticTranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralWelfare,andsecuretheBlessingsofLibertytoourselvesandourPosterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

ArticleI

Section1

AlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.

Section2

1.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofmemberschoseneverysecondyearbythepeopleoftheseveralStates,andtheElectorsineachStateshallhavethequalificationsrequisiteforElectorsofthemostnumerousbranchoftheStateLegislature.

  2.NoPersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageoftwentyfiveyears,andbeensevenyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateinwhichheshallbechosen.

  3.[RepresentativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoseboundtoserviceforatermofyears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,threefifthsofallotherpersons.]TheactualenumerationshallbemadewithinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequenttermoftenyears,insuchmannerastheyshallbylawdirect.ThenumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachStateshallhaveatleastoneRepresentative;anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,theStateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochoosethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pensylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.

  4.WhenvacancieshappenintherepresentationfromanyState,theExecutiveAuthoritythereofshallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.

  5.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchoosetheirSpeakerandotherofficers;andshallhavethesolepowerofimpeachment.

Section3

1.TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachState,chosenbytheLegislaturethereof,forsixyears;andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote.

2.Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinconsequenceofthefirstelection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeclasses.TheSeatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclassshallbevacatedattheexpirationofthesecondyear,ofthesecondclassattheexpirationofthefourthyear,andofthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatonethirdmaybechoseneverysecondyear;andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwise,duringtherecessoftheLegislatureofanyState,theExecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointmentsuntilthenextmeetingoftheLegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies.

3.NoPersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeennineyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateforwhichheshallbechosen.

4.TheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenovote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.

5.TheSenateshallchoosetheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates.

6.TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments.Whensittingforthatpurpose,theyshallbeonoathoraffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:

Andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwothirdsofthememberspresent.

7.Judgmentincasesofimpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromoffice,anddisqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyofficeofhonor,trustorprofitundertheUnitedStates:

butthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoindictment,trial,judgmentandpunishment,accordingtolaw.

Section4

1.Thetimes,placesandmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives,shallbeprescribedineachStatebytheLegislaturethereof;buttheCongressmayatanytimebylawmakeoraltersuchregulations,exceptastotheplacesofchoosingSenators.

2.TheCongressshallassembleatleastoncein