美国宪法全文及参考译文Word文件下载.docx

美国宪法全文及参考译文Word文件下载.docx

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Preamble

WethePeopleoftheUnitedStates,inOrdertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishJustice,insuredomesticTranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralWelfare,andsecuretheBlessingsofLibertytoourselvesandourPosterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

ArticleI

Section1

AlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.

Section2

1.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofmemberschoseneverysecondyearbythepeopleoftheseveralStates,andtheElectorsineachStateshallhavethequalificationsrequisiteforElectorsofthemostnumerousbranchoftheStateLegislature.

  2.NoPersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageoftwentyfiveyears,andbeensevenyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateinwhichheshallbechosen.

  3.[RepresentativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoseboundtoserviceforatermofyears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,threefifthsofallotherpersons.]TheactualenumerationshallbemadewithinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequenttermoftenyears,insuchmannerastheyshallbylawdirect.ThenumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachStateshallhaveatleastoneRepresentative;

anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,theStateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochoosethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pensylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.

  4.WhenvacancieshappenintherepresentationfromanyState,theExecutiveAuthoritythereofshallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.

  5.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchoosetheirSpeakerandotherofficers;

andshallhavethesolepowerofimpeachment.

Section3

1.TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachState,chosenbytheLegislaturethereof,forsixyears;

andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote.

2.Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinconsequenceofthefirstelection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeclasses.TheSeatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclassshallbevacatedattheexpirationofthesecondyear,ofthesecondclassattheexpirationofthefourthyear,andofthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatonethirdmaybechoseneverysecondyear;

andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwise,duringtherecessoftheLegislatureofanyState,theExecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointmentsuntilthenextmeetingoftheLegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies.

3.NoPersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeennineyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateforwhichheshallbechosen.

4.TheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenovote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.

5.TheSenateshallchoosetheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates.

6.TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments.Whensittingforthatpurpose,theyshallbeonoathoraffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:

Andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwothirdsofthememberspresent.

7.Judgmentincasesofimpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromoffice,anddisqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyofficeofhonor,trustorprofitundertheUnitedStates:

butthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoindictment,trial,judgmentandpunishment,accordingtolaw.

Section4

1.Thetimes,placesandmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives,shallbeprescribedineachStatebytheLegislaturethereof;

buttheCongressmayatanytimebylawmakeoraltersuchregulations,exceptastotheplacesofchoosingSenators.

2.TheCongressshallassembleatleastonceineveryyear,andsuchmeetingshallbeonthefirstMondayinDecember,unlesstheyshallbylawappointadifferentday.

Section5

1.EachHouseshallbethejudgeoftheelections,returnsandqualificationsofitsownmembers,andamajorityofeachshallconstituteaquorumtodobusiness;

butasmallernumbermayadjournfromdaytoday,andmaybeauthorizedtocompeltheattendanceofabsentmembers,insuchmanner,andundersuchpenaltiesaseachHousemayprovide.

2.EachHousemaydeterminetherulesofitsproceedings,punishitsmembersfordisorderlybehaviour,and,withtheconcurrenceoftwo-thirds,expelamember.

3.EachHouseshallkeepajournalofitsproceedings,andfromtimetotimepublishthesame,exceptingsuchpartsasmayintheirjudgmentrequiresecrecy;

andtheyeasandnaysofthemembersofeitherHouseonanyquestionshall,atthedesireofonefifthofthosepresent,beenteredonthejournal.

4.NeitherHouse,duringthesessionofCongress,shall,withouttheconsentoftheother,adjournformorethanthreedays,nortoanyotherplacethanthatinwhichthetwoHousesshallbesitting.

Section6

1.TheSenatorsandRepresentativesshallreceiveacompensationfortheirservices,tobeascertainedbylaw,andpaidoutoftheTreasuryoftheUnitedStates.Theyshallinallcases,excepttreason,felonyandbreachofthepeace,beprivilegedfromarrestduringtheirattendanceatthesessionoftheirrespectiveHouses,andingoingtoandreturningfromthesame;

andforanyspeechordebateineitherHouse,theyshallnotbequestionedinanyotherplace.

2.NoSenatororRepresentativeshall,duringthetimeforwhichhewaselected,beappointedtoanycivilofficeundertheauthorityoftheUnitedStateswhichshallhavebeencreated,ortheemolumentswhereofshallhavebeenincreasedduringsuchtime;

andnopersonholdinganyofficeundertheUnitedStates,shallbeamemberofeitherHouseduringhiscontinuanceinoffice.

Section7

1.AllbillsforraisingrevenueshalloriginateintheHouseofRepresentatives;

buttheSenatemayproposeorconcurwithamendmentsasonotherbills.

2.EverybillwhichshallhavepassedtheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate,shall,beforeitbecomealaw,bepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates;

Ifheapproveheshallsignit,butifnotheshallreturnit,withhisobjectionstothatHouseinwhichitshallhaveoriginated,whoshallentertheobjectionsatlargeontheirjournal,andproceedtoreconsiderit.IfaftersuchreconsiderationtwothirdsofthatHouseshallagreetopassthebill,itshallbesent,togetherwiththeobjections,totheotherHouse,bywhichitshalllikewisebereconsidered,andifapprovedbytwothirdsofthatHouse,itshallbecomealaw.ButinallsuchcasesthevotesofbothHousesshallbedeterminedbyyeasandnays,andthenamesofthepersonsvotingforandagainstthebillshallbeenteredonthejournalofeachHouserespectively.IfanybillshallnotbereturnedbythePresidentwithintendays（Sundaysexcepted）afteritshallhavebeenpresentedtohim,thesameshallbealaw,inlikemannerasifhehadsignedit,unlesstheCongressbytheiradjournmentpreventitsreturn,inwhichcaseitshallnotbealaw.

3.Everyorder,resolution,orvotetowhichtheconcurrenceoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesmaybenecessary（exceptonaquestionofadjournment）shallbepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates;

andbeforethesameshalltakeeffect,shallbeapprovedbyhim,orbeingdisapprovedbyhim,shallberepassedbytwothirdsoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,accordingtotherulesandlimitationsprescribedinthecaseofabill.

Section8

1.TheCongressshallhavepower:

Tolayandcollecttaxes,duties,impostsandexcises,topaythedebtsandprovideforthecommondefenseandgeneralwelfareoftheUnitedStates;

butallduties,impostsandexcisesshallbeuniformthroughouttheUnitedStates;

2.ToborrowmoneyonthecreditoftheUnitedStates;

3.Toregulatecommercewithforeignnations,andamongtheseveralStates,andwiththeIndiantribes;

4.Toestablishauniformruleofnaturalization,anduniformlawsonthesubjectofbankruptciesthroughouttheUnitedStates;

5.Tocoinmoney,regulatethevaluethereof,andofforeigncoin,andfixthestandardofweightsandmeasures;

6.ToprovideforthepunishmentofcounterfeitingthesecuritiesandcurrentcoinoftheUnitedStates;

7.ToestablishPostOfficesandPostRoads;

8.Topromotetheprogressofscienceandusefularts,bysecuringforlimitedtimestoauthorsandinventorstheexclusiverighttotheirrespectivewritingsanddiscoveries;

9.ToconstitutetribunalsinferiortotheSupremeCourt;

10.Todefineandpunishpiraciesandfeloniescommittedonthehighseas,andoffensesagainstthelawofnations;

11.Todeclarewar,grantlettersofmarqueandreprisal,andmakerulesconcerningcapturesonlandandwater;