中西方节日文化差异重阳节和母亲节Word文件下载.docx

中西方节日文化差异重阳节和母亲节Word文件下载.docx

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Festivalsareakindoffolk-customculturethatiscreatedbytheworldpeopletoadapttherequirementofproductionandlivelihood.Itisoneoftheimportantpartsofworldfolk-customculture.Itincludesthecharacter,mentality,belief,ideas,thinking,moralcharacter,appreciationofthenationalhistory,andthevalueofnationalculture,anditshowsthemostprominentandthemostcharacteristicexistenceformofanation.Theformativeprocessoftraditionalfestivalsisaprocessofcondensedaccumulationofanationorcountry’shistoricalculture.Inthefestivalcustomshandeddowntousfromourancestors,wecanobviouslyseethemarvelouspictureofsociallifeoftheancientpeople.Differentcountriesandnationshaverichandcolorfulfestivals,eveninthesamecountryandnation,differentareashavethedifferentfestivalcustoms.SoknowingsomedifferencesandrelationofculturalsourcehaveprofoundmeaningtopromotethecommunicationoforientalandWesterncultureandalsopromotetheorientalnationandWesternnationgetonmuchbetterwitheachother.Festivalcultureisveryprofound.Thefestivalcustomsindissimilarcountriesareestablishedbyusage,withtheowndistinctnationalfeaturesandrichpresentationforms,buttheyinfiltratetoeachother.ThistextdealwiththeperpetualcharmofthecustomsbycomparingfestivalculturebetweenChinaandtheWesterncountries:

theDoubleNinthFestivalandMother’sDay.AlsohopingwecanunderstandtheChinesecultureandthemeaningofforeignculturemuchmoreobjective,sothatwecanimproveourabilityofcross-culturecommunication.

2.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfestivalculture

2.1Differenceofreligiousbelief

Westernfestivalshaveobviouslyreligiousfeature.Itisaunarymonotheisticreligion.ThepeoplethinktheGodisthecreatorofallthingsintheworld,andHedoesn’tallowpeopletoworshipothergods,anditisalsounnecessaryforpeopletoworshipothergods.Humanlifeisjustaprocess,people’sgoodfortuneorbadfortuneandwealthorpovertyisgod’sinnategiftratherthanpeople’sbegging.Onthecontrary,themostimportantculturalcharacterofChinesetraditionalfestivalisfiercelysecular,inotherwords,itisunreligiousbecauseinearlyChinathesocialstructureisestablishedonthecombinationofnaturalworshipandhumanisticspirit,peoplestandforthebalanceandharmonybetweengodsandhumanbeings,thisisdifferentfromWesternancientgodsocialistandmodernhumanism.TheChinesetraditionalworldoutlookembodiestheadmirationforancestorsandadvocacyoflife,thusitiseveryChineseoriginalmissiontocarryforwardandfurtherdeveloptheancestor’sspiritandmaterialheritage.However,intheviewofChristiancivilization,everyoneisresponsibletotheGodortheyareresponsiblefortheirownactioninordertoacquiretheGod’sforgivenessorfavor,andthentheycangetintoheavenaftertheydie.

2.2Differenceofethicalculture

InOrientalandWesternsociety,thewaysofdevelopmentaredifferent,asaconsequencetheethicalcultureiscertainlydifferent.Chinaisamultinationalcountrythathasahistoryoffivethousandyears.TheleadingChinesetraditionalcultureisConfucianism,meanwhile,itincludesvariousschoolsofthoughtssinceancientChina.WesterncultureismainlyaboutChristianculture.Chinesetraditionalfestivalcontainsrichethicalelements;

themainfunctionoffestivalisinheritingmoralprinciplesratherthangivingpeopletheopportunitytoprovideentertainmentandleisure.Forexample,ontheDoubleNinthFestival,peopleinsomeareasgenerallyhavethehabitofofferingsacrificestoanancestor.Bycontrast,theethicalfeatureofaWesternfestivalisnotobvious,itemphasizesentertainmentfunction,anditcanoffertheentertainmentopportunitytomodernpeople.Westernfestivalpaysmoreattentiontoindividualspiritanddisplayingthepersonality.Thesecaneasilybeacceptedbypeoplewithanyculturalbackground.Forexample,equalitybetweenmaleandfemaleandtheideaofwoman’srightsarealsoreflectedinWesternfestivals,suchasMother’sDay,thisfestivalcan’texistinChinesetraditionalConfucianismculture.

3.Theorigins

Everythingintheworldhasitsorigins,festivalisnoexception.Festivalisalsoapartofculturewhichformsinaparticularperiod,andhastherelationshipwiththeproductivityandproductionrelationsatthattime.HerefollowstheoriginoftheDoubleNinthFestivalandMother’sDaytogether.

3.1TheoriginoftheDoubleNinthFestival

TheDoubleNinthFestivalisournationaltraditionalfestivalontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.Whyisitcalled“ChungYang”?

BecauseinancientChinapeopleregardedoddnumbersas“Yang”andevennumbersas“Yin”.AccordingtoTheBookofChanges,nineistheYangnumber,itiscalled“JiYang”.Ontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,therearedouble“Yang”—thedateandmonthbothnine,sothisdayisnamed“ChungYang”or“DoubleNinth”.

TheoriginoftheDoubleNinthFestivalcanbedatedbacktoancientChina,ithasatleasttwothousandyears’history.

InWarringStatesPeriod,peoplehadthecustomofeatingthefoodthatiscookedwithchrysanthemum.

InHandynasty,thecustomoftheDoubleNinthbecameincreasinglypopular.ItissaidthatinHandynasty,HanGaoZuLiuBang’simperialconcubineMrs.QiwaskilledcruellybytheempressLvZhi.Followingthat,oneofMrs.Qi’smaidservantswhosenameisJiaPeilanwasdismissedfromthepalace,thenshemarriedacivilian.SoshebroughttheactivityofDoubleNinthfromthePalacetothecommonpeople.Shetoldpeoplethateveryyearontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,inthepalacetheemperorandhisattendantswouldwearZhuYuplantonhair,eatricecakesanddrinkwineorchrysanthemumteatodispelbadomensandprayforlongevity.

IntheperiodoftheThreeKingdoms,peoplegraduallyhadthecustomofhiking.IntheperiodofWeijin,ontheDoubleNinthFestivaltherewerecustomsofappreciatingchrysanthemumsanddrinkingchrysanthemumwine.

TotheTangdynasty,theDoubleNinthFestivalwasregardedofficiallyasafolkfestival,theactivityofthefestivalbecamemoreandmorecolorfulandrich.PeopleonthatdaymustdrinkchrysanthemumwineandwearZhuYuplantontheheadorarms.

AfterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,theDoubleNinthFestivalwasalsocalledtheSeniorCitizen’sDay.In1989,theholidaywascalledofficiallyaftertheSeniorCitizen’sDay.EveryyeartheDoubleNinthFestivalisalsothedaytoshowtherespecttotheelders.TheChinesenationhasthetraditionalvirtueabouthavingthegreatestesteemforoldpeople.So,onthisdaymostplacesorganizedtheoldpeopletoclimbingthemountainsinordertocommunicationandphysicalexercising.

3.2TheoriginofMother’sDay

ThefestivalthatshowstherespecttomotherinWesterncountriesappearedintheMiddleAge.InEurope,therewereseverallongstandingtraditionswhereaspecialSundaywassetasidetohonormotherhoodandmotherssuchasMotheringSunday.MotheringSundaycelebrationsarepartoftheliturgicalcalendarinseveralChristiandenominations,includeAnglicans,andintheCatholiccalendarismarkedasLaetareSunday,whichisthefourthSundayinLent（intheChristianchurch,theperiodof40daysfromAshWednesdaytothedaybeforeEaster,duringwhichsomeChristiansgiveupfoodoractivities,thattheyenjoyinmemoryofChrist’ssuffering）.Childrenandyoungpeoplewhowere“inservice”（servantsinricherhouseholds）weregivenadayoffonthatdatesotheycouldvisittheirfamilies.Childrenwouldpickwildflowersalongthewaytoplacetheminthechurchortogivethemtotheirmotherasgifts,andpeoplewouldeatSimnelcakethatisalsocalledMotheringcake.

TheMotheringSundaywasignoredwhentheearlyimmigratescametoAmericancontinent.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,JuliaWardHowerakedtheopinionoftheMotheringSundayup.ShefelttheinhumanityofthewarduringtheFranco-PrussianWar,soshedecidedtousethewayof“mother”tosolvetheconflictofthewar.Andin1870,shewroteMother’sDayProclamation.In1834,theU.S.PresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltapprovedastampcommemoratingthefestival.

Inthepresentform,Mother’sDaywasestablishedbyAnnaMarieJarvis,followingthedeathofhermotherAnnJarvisonMay9,1905,withthehelpofPhiladelphiamerchantJohnWanamaker.AsmallservicewasheldinMay12,1907intheAndrew’sMethodistEpiscopalChurchinGrafton,WestVirginiawhereAnna’smotherhadbeenteachingSundayschool.ButthefirstofficialservicewasinMay10,1908inthesamechurch,accompaniedbyalargeceremonyintheWanamakerAuditoriumintheWanamaker’sstoreonPhiladelphia.ShethencampaignedtoestablishMother’sDayfirstasaU.S.nationalholidayandthenlaterasaninternationalholiday.

TheholidaywasdeclaredofficiallybythestateofWestVirginiain1910,andtherestofstatesfollowedquickly.OnMay8,1914,theU.S.CongresspassedalawdesignatingthesecondSundayinMayasMother’sDayandrequestingaproclamation.OnMay8,1914,PresidentWoodrowWilsonissuedaproclamationdeclaringthefirstnationalMother’sDayasadayforAmericancitizenstoshowtheflaginhonorofthosemotherswhosesonshaddiedinwar.

Now,intheUnitedStates,Mother’sDayremainsoneofthebiggestdaysforsalesofflowers,greetingcards,andthelike;

itisalsothebiggestholidayforlong-distancetelephonecalls.

4.Thehistoricalevolutionoftwofestivals

Althoughthecreationofthemostfestivalcustomsdependsonbelief,intheprocessofthe