新课标人教版英语讲座六阅读理解1Word格式.docx
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理解作者的意图和态度。
”高考英语阅读理解也围绕这一要求来命题，基本上可分为五类：
1．细节判断题；
2．猜测词义题；
3．主旨大意题；
4．推理引申题；
5．篇章结构题。
下面以2004、2005、2006年全国统一高考英语科试题为例来分析上述五种试题的命题特点、具体要求以及解题技巧和方法。
第一节细节判断题解题技巧
《普通高中英语课程标准》中达到英语学科的高中毕业要求为七级，其有关阅读最基本的要求是：
“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。
对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是：
细节判断。
这类题在高考阅读理解题中占一定的比例，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。
同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。
因此，要特别重视做好这类题。
细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样。
如：
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?
WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas…?
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor…?
Howmany……？
What/who/when/where/how/why……?
做这类题的一般方法是通过skimming把握文章中心后，再通过寻读法（scanning）快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。
若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分、分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。
命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。
所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
这类细节性问题所涉及的面很广，有的需要经过简单的数学运算确定时间、距离、次数、数量等；
有的涉及正误判断；
有的询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。
例如：
（注：
本书例题练习中选用全国各地高考题均保留原题号）
（05全国卷IIB篇）Thedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety－agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.
“Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.Theywereprogrammedtodothat,”saidEmilyComette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.
Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolf,womenhavesometimesseemedtobecomeunnoticedastheyage.Butthegenerationnowturning50isthebabyboomers（生育高峰期出生的人）,andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.
Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism（女权主义）,abitofsparemoney,andbetterhealthformostelderly,theRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable（必然的）.Inthissociety,womenover50wearredhatsandpurple（紫色的）clothes,whilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.
“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:
WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo.”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhats,theyattractedlotsofattention.
“Thepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelse,”Coopersaid.“Womenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.”Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.“We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimple,”addedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.
47．WhosetuptheRedHatSociety?
A．EmilyComette.B．EllenCooper.C．JennyJoseph.D．JoeHeywood.
48．WomenjointheRedHatSocietybecause.
A．theywanttostayyoung
B．theywouldliketoappearmoreattractive
C．theywouldliketohavefunandliveforthemselves
D．theywanttobemoreliketheirparents
解析：
这两题都是细节判断题。
和47题相关的信息句是文中的：
WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo.”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.理解了这句话，我们不难得出答案B。
通过浏览我们了解了“theRedHatSociety”这个社团的性质和作用，再结合信息句“EntertheRedHatSociety－agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.”，我们很容易得出48题正确答案为C。
（05福建卷A篇）PaulZindel’sdeathonMarch27,2003endedthebrilliantlifeofafamouswriter.
NotonlydidPaulZindelwinaPulitzerPrizeaswellasanObiePrizeforhis1970playTheEffectofGammaRaysonMan-in-the-MoonMarigolds,buthewasoneoftheearliestwritersinthefieldofcontemporary（当代的）literatureforyoungadults（成人）.ThePigman,publishedin1968,isstilloneofthemostwell-knownandwidely-taughtnovelsinthegenre.TheAmericanLibraryAssociationhasnameditoneofthe100BestoftheBestBooksforYoungAdultspublishedbetween1967and1992,andZindel’sautobiography,ThePigmanandMe,wasamongthe100BestoftheBestBookspublishedforteenagersduringthelastpartofthetwentiethcentury.SixofZindel’sbooks,infact,havebeenvotedtheBestBooksforYoungAdults,andmostofhisrecenthorrorbooks-suchasTheDoomStoneandRatshavebeenchosenasQuickPicksforReluctantYoungAdultReaders.Clearly,hewasawriterwhoknewhowtointerestcontemporarychildren.Recognizingthat,theAmericanLibraryAssociationin2002honoredPaulZindelwiththeMargaretA.EdwardsPrizeforhislifetimeachievements,andlaterthatsameyearhewaspresentedwiththeALANPrizeforhiscontributionstoYoungAdultLiterature.Withhispassing,youngreaders,teachers,andlibrarianshavelostagreatfriend.
56．WhichofPaulZindel’sbookswasthemostpopularwithyoungadultsinthe20thcentury?
A．ThePigman.
B．TheDoomStone.
C．ThePigmanandMe.
D．TheEffectofGammaRaysonMan-in-the-MoonMarigolds.
57．WhywasPaulZindelhonoredwiththeMargaretA.EdwardsPrize?
A．Hisbookswerewidelyreadbychildren.
B．Hisbookswereinterestingandhelpfultoadults.
C．Hemadegreatcontributionstocontemporaryliterature.
D．Hewroteanumberofhorrorbooksforyoungadults.
58．WhendidPaulZindelwintheALANPrize?
A．In2002．B．In2003．
C．Between1967and1992．D．Between2002and2003．
59．Choosethecorrectstatementsfromthefollowingaccordingtothepassage.
a.ThePigmanandMewasoneoftheBestBooksforteenagers.
b.Zindelwasoneoftheearliestwriterswhowroteforadultsonly.
c.TheDoomStoneandRatsarenotpopularwithyoungadults.
d.Zindelwasgivenfourprizesforliteraturebeforehedied.
e.AtleasteightofZindel’sbookswereverypopularinhistimes.
A．c,d,eB．a,b,cC．a,b,dD．a,d,e
这四题都是细节判断题。
56、57、58三题,只要我们根据题干的问句找到信息源，很快就能找到正确答案分别是：
A、C、A，做第59题时我们要对五个陈述作出正误判断，b、c两个说法是错误的，因此，正确答案为D。
下面请同学们实战演练上述方法和技巧。
【实战演练练习一】
（05北京卷A篇）
Chances
IreallylovemyjobbecauseIenjoyworkingwithsmallchildrenandlikethechallengesandawardsfromthejob.Ialsothinkmyworkisimportant.TherewasatimewhenIthoughtIwouldneverhavethatsortofcareer（职业）.
Iwasn’tanexcellentstudentbecauseIdidn’tdomuchschoolwork.InmyfinaltermIstartedthinkingwhatImightdoandfoundIdidn’thavemuchtooffer.IjustacceptedthatIwasn’tthetypetohaveacareer.
Ithenfoundmyselfajob.Lookingaftertwolittlegirls,Itwasn’ttoobadatfirst.ButtheproblemsbeganwhenIagreedtolivein,sothatIwouldbethereifmybosshadtogooutforbusinessintheevening.WeagreedthatifIhadtoworkextrahoursoneweek,she’dgivemetimeoffthenext.Butunfortunately,itdidn’toftenworkout.Iwasgettingextremelytiredandfedup,becauseIhadtoomanylatenightsandearlymorningswiththechildren.
OneSunday,Iwasintheparkwiththechildren,andmetMeganwhousedtogotoschoolwithme,Itoldheraboutmysituation.ShesuggestedthatIshoulddoacourseandgetaqualification（资格证书）ifIwantedtoworkwithchildren.Ididn’tthinkIwouldbeacceptedbecauseIdidn’ttakemanyexamsinschool.Shepersuadedmetophonethelocalcollegeandtheywerereallyhelpful.MyexperiencecountedforalotandIgotonapart–timecourse.Ihadtoleavemyjobwiththefamily,andgotworkhelpingoutatakindergarten.
NowI’vegotafull–timejobthere.IshallalwaysbethankfultoMegan.IwishIhadknownearlierthatyoucouldhaveacareer,evenifyouaren’ttopoftheclassatschool.
56．Whatistheauthor’spresentjob?
A．Workingpart–timeinacollege.
B．Takingcareofchildrenforafamily.
C．Helpingchildrenwiththeirschoolwork.
D．Lookingafterchildrenatakindergarten.
57．Whenstayingwiththetwogirls’family,theauthor.
A．waspaidforextraworkB．oftenworkedlonghours
C．gotmuchhelpfromherbossD．tookadayoffeveryotherweek
58．Whydidtheauthorleaveherfirstjob?
A．Shefoundafull–timejob.
B．Shewasfedupwithchildren.
C．Shedecidedtoattendapart–timecourse.
D．Sheneededarestafterworkingextrahours.
【实战演练练习二】
（05湖南卷A篇）
Wewereontourafewsummersago,drivingthroughChicago,whenrightoutsideofthecity,wegotpulledover.Amiddle-agedpolicemancameuptothecarandwasreallybeingtroublesomeatfirst.Lecturingus,hesaid,“Youwerespeeding.Whereareyougoinginsuchahurry?
”Ourguitarist,Tim,toldhimthatwewereonourwaytoWisconsintoplayashow.Hiswaytowardsustotallychanged.Heasked,“Oh,soyouboysareinaband（乐队）？
”Wetoldhimthatwewere.Hethenaskedalltheusualbandquestionsaboutthetypeofmusicweplayed,andhowlongwehadbeenatit.Suddenly,hestoppedandsaid,“Tim,youwanttogetoutofthisticket,don’tyou?
”Timsaid,“Yes.”Sotheofficeraskedhimtostepoutofthecar.Therestofus,insidethecar,didn’tknowwhattothinkaswewatchedthepolicemantalktoTim.Nextthingweknew,thepolicemanwasputtingTiminthebackofthepolicecarhehadparkedinfrontofus.Withthat,hethrewthecarintoreverse（倒车），stoppingafewfeetinbackofourcar.Nowwesuddenlyfeltfrightened.Wedidn’tknowifwewereallgoingtoprison,orifthepolicemanwasgoingtosellTimontheblackmarketorsomething.Allofasudden,thepoliceman’svoicecameoverhisloudspeaker.Hesaid,“Ladiesandgentlemen,forthefirsttimeever,wehaveTimheresingingonRoute90．”Turnsout,thepolicemanhadtoldTimthattheonlywayhewasgettingoutoftheticketwasifhesangpartofoneofoursongsovertheloudspeakerinthepolicecar.Secondslater,Timstartedscreamingintothereceiver.Thepolicemanenjoyedtheperformanc
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