英语六级真题及答案Word格式.docx
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1.现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试
2.其目的各不相同
3.在我看来……
TheCertificateCraze
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上。
PartII
ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
(15minutes)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson
AnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completetheseentenseswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
MinorityReport
Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.
BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'
seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."
Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"
hetolda
NEWSWEEK
reporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.
"
Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"
saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&
MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."
Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'
sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."
TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.
Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally–butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.
Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLainGainer,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.
Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"
saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."
Iftheyfail,it'
stheirfault."
Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"
undermatched"
:
theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'
tmakeit."
Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"
saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.
Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%of
median
(中间的)familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.
Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"
Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."
ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttothe
rigor
(严格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"
laserlikefocus"
onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost
(教务长)DamonWilliams.
Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepareTorycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.
Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."
Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"
saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushed
mentoring
(辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"
partnering"
withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.
Whatistheauthor'
smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?
A)
Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.
B)
Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.
C)
Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.
D)
Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.
2.
WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?
A)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.
ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.
Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.
D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.
3.
WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?
A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.
Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.
Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.
D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.
4.
HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?
Fifty-sixpercent.
Thirty-ninepercent.
C)FifteenpercentD)Sixty-sevenpercent.
5.
Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause
.
A)Theirstudentsworkharder
Theyrecruitthebeststudents
C)Theirclassesaregenerallysmaller
D)Theygivestudentsmoreattention
6.
HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'
failuretogetadegree?
A)Universitiesaretoblame.
Studentsdon'
tworkhard.
Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.
D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.
7.
Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?
A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.
Theycannotaffordthehightuition.
Theycannotadapttotherigoroft