版高三英语译林版一轮教师用书第2部分 专题一 构词法文档格式.docx
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quick→quickly;
fluent→fluently;
stupid→stupidly
少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加ly;
绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加ly
true→truly;
polite→politely;
wide→widely;
wise→wisely;
nice→nicely
以“y”结尾的,且读音为/I/,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”;
但是如果读音为/aI/,直接加ly
happy→happily;
heavy→heavily;
angry→angrily;
busy→busily;
dry→dryly;
shy→shyly
以ic结尾的词,加ally
economic→economically;
basic→basically(例外:
public→publicly)
以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y;
元音字母加le时,直接加ly
simple→simply;
terrible→terribly
gentle→gently;
possible→possibly;
probable→probably;
sole→solely(例外:
whole→wholly)
形容词变名词的后缀
1.MyEnglishimprovedalot;
moreimportantly,Igainedmuchconfidence(confident).
2.Thatlittleactofkindness(kind)madeeveryonewhosawitfeelgood-butitmademefeelthebestofall!
(2017年山东师大附中月考)Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofoursituation.strong→strength
后缀
age
short→shortage不足;
短缺
cy
efficient→efficiency效率;
功效
fluent→fluency流利;
流畅
accurate→accuracy准确性
private→privacy隐私;
私密
dom
free→freedom自由;
自主
wise→wisdom明智;
智慧
ness
weak→weakness虚弱;
弱点
kind→kindness仁慈;
好意
careless→carelessness粗心大意
dark→darkness黑暗
th
strong→strength力气;
强项
warm→warmth温暖;
热情
true→truth真相;
真理
wide→width宽度
y
ty
ity
difficult→difficulty困难
cruel→cruelty残酷;
残暴
safe→safety安全
disable→disability无能;
残疾
responsible→responsibility责任
动词、名词变形容词的后缀
1.Thehighspeedtrainthatconnectsthetwocitiesisbothfastandcomfortable(comfort).
2.Notonlytheteachersbutalsothestudentsfindthewebsitebeneficial(benefit).
3.(2017年安徽江南十校联考)HewasmorethanjustanEnglishteacher,becausehealsotaughtmeuseful(use)lessonsinlife.
1.Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalancediet.balance→balanced
2.(2017年黑龙江大庆调研)Idon'
tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinoursociety.reason→reasonable
31670154】
able
accept→acceptable可接受的
comfort→comfortable舒适的
fashion→fashionable时髦的
suit→suitable合适的
reason→reasonable有道理的
al
benefit→beneficial有益的
music→musical音乐的
origin→original最初的
person→personal个人的;
私人的
center→central中央的;
中心的
nature→natural自然的;
天生的
form→formal正式的
nation→national全国的
ful
doubt→doubtful怀疑的
forget→forgetful健忘的
harm→harmful有害的
hope→hopeful有希望的
peace→peaceful和平的
care→careful细心的
use→useful有用的
success→successful成功的
help→helpful有帮助的
(e)d
scare→scared感到恐惧的
confuse→confused感到困惑的
puzzle→puzzled迷惑的
worry→worried担心的
beard→bearded有胡须的
talent→talented有才能的
underline→underlined加下划线的
balance→balanced均衡的
ing
surprise→surprising令人惊讶的
convince→convincing令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying令人满意的
worry→worrying令人担心的
bore→boring令人厌烦的
ible
access→accessible容易达到的;
容易取得的
horror→horrible可怕的;
恐怖的
terror→terrible可怕的
ive
act→active积极的;
活跃的
effect→effective有效的;
生效的
attract→attractive有吸引力的
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
expense→expensive昂贵的
ous
continue→continuous不断的;
持续的
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
caution→cautious十分小心的;
谨慎的
curiosity→curious好奇的
humor→humorous幽默的
some
tire→tiresome令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome麻烦的
taste→tasty美味的;
可口的
health→healthy健康的
wealth→wealthy富裕的;
丰富的
dirt→dirty有灰尘的;
脏的
rain→rainy有雨的
sun→sunny阳光明媚的
cloud→cloudy阴天的
ern
east→eastern东方的;
向东的
west→western西方的;
向西的
ish
child→childish孩子气的
fool→foolish愚蠢的;
可笑的
self→selfish自私的
ic
science→scientific科学的
economy→economic经济的
history→historic历史上著名的
动词变名词的后缀
1.(2017年山东泰安一模)Itisnecessarytohaveaphysicalexamination(examine)everyyear.
2.Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth(warm).
31670155】
3.Withouthesitation(hesitate),Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.
(2017年湖北八校联考)Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyourpronounce.pronounce→pronunciation
31670156】
[再解读考点]
ion/sion/
ation
correct→correction改正
attract→attraction吸引
conclude→conclusion结论;
结束
decide→decision决定
admit→admission接纳;
准许入学
invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释
expect→expectation期望
er/or
teach→teacher老师
announce→announcer播音员
conduct→conductor指挥;
售票员
ment
punish→punishment惩罚
achieve→achievement功绩;
成就
argue→argument辩论;
论据
equip→equipment装备;
设备
ance/ence
appear→appearance出现;
外貌
perform→performance表演;
节目
exist→existence存在;
生存
prefer→preference偏爱
hear→hearing听力;
听觉
begin→beginning开始
ure/ture
fail→failure失败
press→pressure压力
mix→mixture混合;
混合物
depart→departure离开;
出发
recover→recovery恢复;
痊愈
discover→discovery发现
其他
choose→choice选择
vary→variety多样化;
种类
tend→tendency趋向;
趋势
变动词的前缀与后缀
1.Youshouldloosen(loose)upyourmusclesbeforeplayinganysport.
2.Mymotherencouraged(courage)meandinsistedthatIcontinuemyeducation.
3.Ourgovernmentattachesmuchimportancetoeducationnow,whichenables(able)somanypeopletobewelleducated.
1.Ifyouwanttoliveasimplelife,youneedtosimpleyourmind.simple→simplify
2.Ifyoudeepyourknowledgeorunderstandingofasubject,youwilllearnmoreaboutitandbecomemoreinterestedinit.deep→deepen
前/后缀
前缀
en
able→enable使能够
large→enlarge扩大
rich→enrich使充实;
使丰富
danger→endanger危及
courage→encourage鼓励
broad→broaden使变宽
ripe→ripen使成熟
sharp→sharpen使尖锐
wide→widen加宽
short→shorten变短
deep→deepen加深
dark→darken使变暗
hard→harden使变硬
ify
class→classify把……分类
just→justify证明……正确
simple→simplify简化
beauty→beautify美化
ize
apology→apologize道歉
emphasis→emphasize强调
memory→memorize记住
real→realize认识到;
实现
表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀
[先试做题组]
1.(2017年山东青岛一模)Astheycouldn'
tplayoutdoors,theywereunhappy(happy),andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.
2.Peopleonwelfarearewronglyseenaslazyordishonest(honest).
3.Informal(formal)clothesaresuitableforwearingathomeorinordinarysituations.
(2017年甘肃张掖中学月考)IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingandmeaningless.meaningless→meaningful
dis
agree→disagree不同意
advantage→disadvantage缺点
appear→disappear消失
comfort→discomfort不舒适的
honest→dishonest不诚实的
il
legal→illegal不合法的
logical→illogical不合逻辑的
im
polite→impolite无礼的
patient→impatient不耐烦的
moral→immoral不道德的
in
formal→informal非正式的
convenient→inconvenient不方便的
direct→indirect不直接的
ir
regular→irregular不规则的
responsible→irresponsible不负责任的
mis
lead→mislead误导
understand→misunderstand误解
un
usual→unusual不寻常的
willing→unwilling不愿意的
happy→unhappy不高兴的
known→unknown不出名的
less
hope→hopeless绝望的
end→endless没完没了的
care→careless粗心的
help→helpless无助的
use→useless无用的
(对应学生用书第198页)
[核心考点针对练]
1.Iusuallymemorize(memory)twentynewwordsadayandputthemtousewheneverpossible.
2.Theyaretryingtowiden(wide)thediscussiontoincludeenvironmentalissues.
3.Therearesomanydifferentlabelsonfoodnowadays.Theyarenotonlyconfusing(confuse)butalsomisleading.
4.Ifwecarryourburdenallthetime,soonerorlater,astheburdenbecomesincreasingly(increase)heavy,wewon'
tbeabletocarryon.
5.Itsnowedheavily(heavy)lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.
6.Hesankintodepression(depress)whenbothhisparentslefthimandwenttothesouthinsearchofabetterpaidjob.
7.Itisillegal(legal)todriveafterdrinkingalcoholinourcountrynow.
8.(2017年河南中原名校期中联考)Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowisnoknowledgeisuseless(use).
9.(2017年广东省揭阳市二模)Mikewasdyingtoapplyforanewjob,buthewasunconfidentofhimself,forhethoughtofhimselfasafailure(fail)andunworthyofsuccess.
10.Thereportcanbeconveniently(convenient)dividedintothreemainsections.
1.Everyoneofusisworkinghardlyintheclassroom,preparingforthecomingexam.
hardly→hard
2.(2017年东北师大附中月考)Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour,Iwasbeginningtogetimpatiently.
impatiently→impatient
3.Althoughparentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheiryoungchildren,theydon'
tnecessarydoanythingforthem.
necessary→necessarily
4.Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthemrepeated.
repeated→repeatedly
5.Herdisappointinglookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.
disappointing→disappointed
[高考题型综合练]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017年湖南六校联盟联考)Haveyouevernoticedthatyoufeelhappierandmorerelaxedafteryoueatbread,pastaorfruit?
Doyoufindthatyouaremoreenergeticandawakeaftereatingyogurtorbean