探析现代电力电子及电源技术的发展文档格式.docx

探析现代电力电子及电源技术的发展文档格式.docx

《探析现代电力电子及电源技术的发展文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《探析现代电力电子及电源技术的发展文档格式.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Current,powerelectronicsasanenergy-saving,section,automation,intelligent,electromechanicalintegration,thebasisoftheapplicationtechnologyismovinginhigh-frequency,modularhardwarestructureandthedirectionofgreenproductperformance.Inthenearfuture,powerelectronictechnologywillenablepowertechnologymoremature,economic,practical,achievehighefficiencyandhighquality.

1.电力电子技术的进展

1.Thedevelopmentofpowerelectronicstechnology

现代电力电子技术的进展方向,是从以低频技术处理问题为主的传统电力电子学,向以高频技术处理问题为主的现代电力电子学方向转变。

电力电子技术起始于五十年代末六十年代初的硅整流器件,其进展先后经历了整流器时代、逆变器时代和变频器时代,并促进了电力电子技术在许多新领域的应用。

八十年代末期和九十年代初期进展起来的、以功率MOSFET和IGBT为代表的、集高频、高压和大电流于一身的功率半导体复合器件,说明传统电力电子技术差不多进入现代电力电子时代。

Thedevelopmentdirectionofmodernpowerelectronictechnology,isgivenprioritytowithlowfrequencytechnologydealwiththeproblemoftraditionalpowerelectronics,togiveprioritytowithhighfrequencytechnologydealwiththeproblemofmodernpowerelectronics.Powerelectronictechnologybeganintheearly50s,60softhesiliconrectifierdevice,itsdevelopmenthasexperiencedtheeraoferaofrectifierandinverterandconverter,andpromotedthepowerelectronictechnologyinmanynewareasofapplication.Developedinthelateeightysandearlyninetys,representedbypowerMOSFETandIGBTandhighfrequency,highvoltageandlargecurrentofpowersemiconductorcompounddevice,showthattraditionalpowerelectronictechnologyhasenteredtheeraofmodernpowerelectronics.

1.1整流器时代

1.1theageofrectifier

大功率的工业用电由工频（50Hz）交流发电机提供,然而大约20%的电能是以直流形式消费的,其中最典型的是电解（有色金属和化工原料需要直流电解）、牵引（电气机车、电传动的内燃机车、地铁机车、都市无轨电车等）和直流传动（轧钢、造纸等）三大领域。

大功率硅整流器能够高效率地把工频交流电转变为直流电,因此在六十年代和七十年代,大功率硅整流管和晶闸管的开发与应用得以专门大进展。

当时国内曾经掀起了-股各地大办硅整流器厂的热潮,目前全国大大小小的制造硅整流器的半导体厂家确实是那时的产物。

High-powerindustrialpowerisprovidedby（50hz）powerfrequencyacgenerators,butabout20%ofelectricityconsumptionintheformofdc,oneofthemosttypicalistheelectrolysis（non-ferrousmetalandchemicalrawmaterialsneedtodcsolution）,traction,electricscooter,electricdrivetheinternalcombustionenginecarcity,metrolocomotives,trolleybuses,etc.）anddctransmission（rolling,papermaking,etc.）thethreeareas.High-powersiliconrectifiercaneffectivelyputthealternatingcurrentintodirectcurrent（dc）powerfrequency,thereforeinthe60sandseventys,thedevelopmentandapplicationofhighpowersiliconrectifierandbrakepipetogreatdevelopment.Wasraised-usedtodomesticDaBansiliconrectifierplantaroundtheboom,atpresentthenationalgreatlysmallmanufacturingsiliconrectifiersemiconductormanufacturersistheproductofatthattime.

1.2逆变器时代

1.2inverterera

七十年代显现了世界范畴的能源危机,交流电机变频惆速因节能成效显著而迅速进展。

变频调速的关键技术是将直流电逆变为0~100Hz的交流电。

在七十年代到八十年代,随着变频调速装置的普及,大功率逆变用的晶闸管、巨型功率晶体管（GTR）和门极可关断晶闸管（GT0）成为当时电力电子器件的主角。

类似的应用还包括高压直流输出,静止式无功功率动态补偿等。

这时的电力电子技术差不多能够实现整流和逆变,但工作频率较低,仅局限在中低频范畴内。

Appearedintheseventysaworldwideenergycrisis,theacmotorvariablefrequencyRadcliffespeedrapiddevelopmentbecauseoftheenergysavingeffectisremarkable.Thekeytechnologyofvariablefrequencyspeedregulationistodirectcurrent（dc）of0~100hzacinverter.Intheseventysandseventys,withthepopularityofvariablefrequencyspeedregulatingdevice,powerinverterwiththyristor,gianttransistor（GTR）powerandgateturnoffthyristor（GT0）wascastintheroleofpowerelectronicsdevice.Similarapplicationsincludehighvoltagedcoutput,staticreactivepowerdynamiccompensationetc.Atthistimeofthepowerelectronictechnologyhasbeenabletorealizerectifierandinverter,butworkingfrequencyislow,limitedinthelow-frequencyrange.

1.3变频器时代

1.3inverterera

进入八十年代,大规模和超大规模集成电路技术的迅猛进展,为现代电力电子技术的进展奠定了基础。

将集成电路技术的精细加工技术和高压大电流技术有机结合,显现了一批全新的全控型功率器件、第一是功率M0SFET的问世,导致了中小功率电源向高频化进展,而后绝缘门极双极晶体管（IGBT）的显现,又为大中型功率电源向高频进展带来机遇。

MOSFET和IGBT的相继问世,是传统的电力电子向现代电力电子转化的标志。

据统计,到1995年底,功率M0SFET和GTR在功率半导体器件市场上已达到平分秋色的地步,而用IGBT代替GTR在电力电子领域巳成定论。

新型器件的进展不仅为交流电机变频调速提供了较高的频率,使其性能更加完善可靠,而且使现代电子技术不断向高频化进展,为用电设备的高效节材节能,实现小型轻量化,机电一体化和智能化提供了重要的技术基础。

Intotheeightys,largescaleandverylargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologyrapiddevelopment,laidthegroundworkforthedevelopmentofmodernpowerelectronictechnology.Fineprocessingtechnologyandintegratedcircuittechnologywillcombinehighvoltagelargecurrenttechnology,appearedabatchofnewtypeallcontrolthepowerdevice,thefirstistheadventofpowerM0SFET,ledtothesmallandmedium-sizedpowersourcestothedevelopmentofhighfrequency,andinsulatedgatebipolartransistor（IGBT）,andhighfrequencydevelopmentopportunityforthelargeandmedium-sizedpowersources.Thereafter,MOSFETandIGBTofpowerelectronicsisthetraditionaltothemodernpowerelectronictransformation.Accordingtostatistics,bytheendof1995,powerM0SFETandGTRinpowersemiconductordevicesonthemarkethasreachedthepointofvie,andreplaceGTRwithIGBThavebeenestablishedinthefieldofpowerelectronics.Thedevelopmentofthenewdevicenotonlyprovidesahighfrequencyacmotorfrequencycontrolofmotorspeed,makeitsfunctionmoreperfectandreliable,andmakesthedevelopmentofmodernelectronictechnologyconstantlytohighfrequencychange,forefficientenergysaving,materialsavingofelectricalequipmenttoachievesmall,lightweight,mechanicalandelectricalintegrationandintelligentizationprovidesimportanttechnicalfoundation.

2.现代电力电子的应用领域

2.Theapplicationfieldofmodernpowerelectronics

2.1运算机高效率绿色电源

2.1computerefficientgreenpowersupply

高速进展的运算机技术带领人类进入了信息社会,同时也促进了电源技术的迅速进展。

八十年代,运算机全面采纳了开关电源,领先完成运算机电源换代。

接着开关电源技术相继进人了电子、电器设备领域。

Rapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnologybringhumanintotheinformationsociety,butalsopromotedtherapiddevelopmentofpowertechnology.Intheeightys,thecomputerfullyusedtheswitchingpowersupply,taketheleadincompletemachinepowergeneration.Thenswitchpowertechnologysuccessivelyintheareaofelectronics,electricalequipment.

运算机技术的进展,提出绿色电脑和绿色电源。

绿色电脑泛指对环境无害的个人电脑和相关产品，绿色电源系指与绿色电脑相关的高效省电电源,依照美国环境爱护署l992年6月17日〝能源之星"

打算规定,桌上型个人电脑或相关的外围设备,在睡眠状态下的耗电量假设小于30瓦,就符合绿色电脑的要求,提高电源效率是降低电源消耗的全然途径。

就目前效率为75%的200瓦开关电源而言,电源自身要消耗50瓦的能源。

Thedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,thecomputerputforwardgreenandgreenpowersupply.Greencomputerreferstopersonalcomputersandrelatedproductsisharmlesstotheenvironment,greenpowerreferstothegreencomputerrelatedefficientlysaveelectricitypowersupply,accordingtotheU.S.environmentalprotectionagency（epa）inl992onJune17,"

energystar"

program,desktoppersonalcomputersorrelatedperipheralequipment,thepowerconsumptioninthesleepstate,iflessthan30watts,accordwiththerequirementofgreencomputer,improvetheefficiencyofpowersupplyisthefundamentalwaytoreducetheconsumptionofpower.Currentefficiencyis75%of200wswitchingpowersupply,powersupplyitselfconsumes50wattsofenergy.

2.2通信用高频开关电源

2.2communicationofhighfrequencyswitchingpowersupply

通信业的迅速进展极大的推动了通信电源的进展。

高频小型化的开关电源及其技术已成为现代通信供电系统的主流。

在通信领域中,通常将整流器称为一次电源,而将直流-直流（DC/DC）变换器称为二次电源。

一次电源的作用是将单相或三相交流电网变换成标称值为48V的直流电源。

目前在程控交换机用的一次电源中,传统的相控式稳压电源己被高频开关电源取代,高频开关电源（也称为开关型整流器SMR）通过MOSFET或IGBT的高频工作,开关频率一样操纵在50-100kHz范畴内,实现高效率和小型化。

近几年,开关整流器的功率容量不断扩大,单机容量己从48V/12.5A、48V/20A扩大到48V/200A、48V/400A。

Telecommunicationindustryhasbeenheavilypromotedbytherapiddevelopmentofthedevelopmentofcommunicationpowersupply.High-frequencyminiaturizationofswitchpowersupplyanditstechnologyhasbecomethemainstreamofmoderncommunicationpowersupplysystem.Inthefieldofcommunication,oftenwillbecalledarectifierpowersupply,andDC-DC（DC/DC）converterreferredtoasthesecondarypowersupply.Istheroleofapowersingle-phaseorthree-phaseacpowergridtransformationintoanominalvalueof48vdcpowersupply.InSPCexchangewithapowersupplyatpresent,thetraditionalphasedtyperegulatedpowersupplyhasreplacedbythehighfrequencyswitchingpowersupply,high-frequencyswitchingpowersupply（alsoknownasswitchmoderectifierSMR）byMOSFETandIGBThighfrequencywork,generalcontrolswitchfrequencyin50-100KHZrange,toachievehighefficiencyandminiaturization.Expandsunceasinglyinrecentyears,thepowerswitchrectifiercapacity,capacityofffrom48v/12.5A48v/20A,extendedtothe48v/200A,48v/400A.

因通信设备中所用集成电路的种类繁多,其电源电压也各不相同,在通信供电系统中采纳高功率密度的高频DC-DC隔离电源模块,从中间母线电压（一样为48V直流）变换成所需的各种直流电压,如此可大大减小损耗、方便爱护,且安装、增加专门方便。

一样都可直截了当装在标准操纵板上,对二次电源的要求是高功率密度。

因通信容量的不断增加,通信电源容量也将不断增加。

Becausetherearemanytypesofintegratedcircuitusedincommunicationequipment,thepowersupplyvoltageisalsoeacharenotidentical,inthecommunicationpowersupplysystemwithhighpowerdensityofthehighfrequencyDC-DCisolationpowersupplymodule,fromthemiddlebusbarvoltage（generallyof48vDC）intothevariousDCvoltages,itcangreatlyreducetheloss,convenientmaintenance,andinstallation,increaseisveryconvenient.Generallycanbedirectlymountedinthestandardcontrolpanel,thesecondarypowersupplyrequirementsishighpowerdensity.Becauseofcommunicationincreasing,thecapacityofcommunicationpowersupplycapa