虚拟语气知识点总结及练习Word文档格式.docx
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Shouldithappen,whatshouldyoudo?
Hadherecognisedme,hewouldhavecomeover.
虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。
因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有without,butfor,otherwise,or等等,此时我们可以从意思上推断出虚拟语气的时间(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。
Butforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.(过去)
Withoutwater,allliveswoulddie.(现在)
Hefelttootiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedmyparty.(过去)
Iwashavingameeting,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyouoff.(过去)
2.should+do的用法
虚拟语气的第二模块就是含有should+do的用法,这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句,包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。
这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有advise,suggest,insist,order,require,recommend,command以及相关名词等等。
记忆口诀:
一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order,command),三个建议(suggest,advise,recommend),四个要求(ask,require,demand,request)。
1.宾语从句的虚拟语气
Heinsistedthatthemeetingbeputoff.
Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers(should)leave.
2.表语从句的虚拟语气
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)stayhereforarest.
3.同位语从句的虚拟语气
Thereisnosuggestionthatshe(should)resign.
4.主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况:
It’s+p.p+that;
It’s+adj.+that;
It’s+n.+that
常用的动词:
recommand,demand,desire,order,request,require,suggest,command
常用的形容词:
important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising,regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential
常用的名词:
duty,pity,nosurpise,nowonder,shame,regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思
It’simportantthatyoushouldtakethemedicine.
It’sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.
It’sessentialthatweshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutfistaid.
It’sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.
Itwassuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.
5.It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形,是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句,it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词,常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。
Iconsideritvitalthathe(should)thinkdeeplybeforeacting.
6.某些词语如suggest,insist等有双重含义,所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气,什么时候不用虚拟语气。
Hersmilesuggestedthatshewasinfavoroftheplan.
Weinsistedthatwhattheboydidwaswrong.
3.特殊句式
虚拟语气的第三大模块指的是虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用。
句这些句式使用的虚拟语气与上面的虚拟语气会有所不同:
wouldrather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。
因为本身wouldrather可以直接接动词原形,构成wouldratherdosth.(thandosth.else);
或者woulddosth.ratherthandosth.else.而虚拟语气的wouldrather是这样使用的wouldrathersb.did(对现在或将来的假设)/haddone(对过去的假设)
Iwouldratherhedidn’tgonow.
Theywouldrathertheyhadn’tattendedtheparty.
It’s(about)(high)time(that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用shoulddo),含建议的意思。
汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”,也等于It’stimeforsb.todosth.
It’shightime(that)wewenthome.
It’shightimethatwe(should)gohome.
forfearthat后面可以接虚拟语气shoulddo,也可以接其他语气,但依然会有一个情态动词。
IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshould/mightdisturdyou.
wish+clause;
asif/though+clause;
Ifonly这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。
wish后的宾语从句,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其形式主要有三种wishsb.did(对现在的虚拟);
wishsb.haddone(对过去的虚拟);
wishsb.woulddo(对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时,也会出现wishsb.wouldhavedone的情况。
IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.
Shewishedshehadstayedathome.
IwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.
★此时要注意表示语气很强时用Howsb.wish+clause,其用法同上。
如果要用was依然换成were.例如:
HowIwishIwereabird.
asif/though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况:
主句+asif/though引导的状语从句;
seem/look/smell+asif/though引导的表语从句。
主句+asif/though引导的状语从句:
主句+asif/though+主语+did/were(对现在的假设);
主句+asif/though+主语+could/woulddo(对将来的假设);
主句+asif/though+主语+haddone(对过去的假设)
seem/look/smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。
Shetalksasifshekneweverything.
注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况
Ifonly引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。
形式为:
用过去式或者would/coulddo,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望;
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
Ifonlyhewerehere!
Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvise!
IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek!
★Ifonly也可以用于虚拟条件从句中,如:
IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar!
虚拟语气专项训练
1.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.
A.asthough
B.evenif
C.as
D.since
2.____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.
A.Ifhewent
B.Werehegone
C.Shouldhehavegone
D.Hadhegone
3.Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.
A.willallow
B.shouldallow
C.wouldhaveallowed
D.hadallowed
4.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.
A.hadbrought
B.shouldhavebrought
C.brought
D.bring
5.IwishI____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.
A.was
B.were
C.hadbeen
D.shouldbe
6.Ifwe____heretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.
A.arrived/wouldcatch
B.arrived/wouldhavecaught
C.hadarrived/hadcaught
D.hadarrived/wouldhavecaught
7.IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.
A.had
B.hadhad
C.havehad
D.wouldhave
8.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.
A.wouldcome
B.came
C.wouldhavecome
D.hadcome
9.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_____rightaway.
A.wouldbearrested
B.mustbearrested
C.bearrested
D.hadtobearrested
10.Jane'
suncleinsisted____inthishotelanylonger.
A.notstaying
B.nottostay
C.thathenotstay
D.stayingnot
11.Don'
ttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.
A.wouldcometo
B.wouldcomeat
C.wouldhavecometoward
D.willcometo
12.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.
A.is
B.willbe
C.wouldhavebeen
D.wouldbe
13.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!
Ionlymadeitworse.
A.hadtried
B.hadn'
ttried
C.havetried
D.didn'
ttry
14.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.
A.waswritten
B.bewritten
C.mustbewritten
D.wouldbewritten
15.Themaninsistedthathe_____there.
A.shouldsend
B.wouldbesent
C.sent
D.besent
16.Ifhehadnotgoneoutinthestorm_____.
A.hewillbealivenow
B.hewouldbealivenow
C.hewouldhavebeenalivenow
D.is
17.Ifit___tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?
A.rains
B.weretorain
C.wouldrain
D.rain
18.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.
A.willarrive
B.arrive
C.arrived
D.wouldarrive
19.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
A.hadknown
B.wouldknow
C.shouldknow
D.knew
20.Hespokeinaquiet,distinctvoice,asthoughhisthought_____.
A.wasfaraway
B.hadbeenfaraway
C.werefaraway
D.wentfaraway.
21.Ifit___rain,we___getwet.
A.isto,should
B.wereto,would
C.weregoingto,would
D.wasgoingto,should
22.Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.
A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknown
B.listened,wouldknow
C.listened,wouldhaveknown
D.hadlistened,wouldknow
23.ButfortheParty,he___ofhunger30yearsago.
A.wouldhavedied
B.woulddie
C.musthavedied
D.mustdie
24.___today,hewouldgotthereforholiday.
A.Washeleaving
B.Werehetoleave
C.Wouldheleave
D.Ifheleaves
25.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI___thatyouwerewaitingforme.
A.didn’tknow
B.hadn’tknow
C.wouldhaveknown
D.haven’tknown
26.It’shightimethatwe___toschool.
A.wouldto
B.went
C.go
D.willgo
27.Itseemsasifit___rain.
A.will
B.isgoingto
C.isto
D.weregoingto
28.I’dratheryou___rightaway.
A.leave
B.left
C.willleave
D.toleave
29.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe___.
A.fails
B.failed
C.wouldfail
D.fail
30.Itisreallystrangethatthegirl___soearly.
A.hasbeenmarried
B.hasmarried
C.bemarried
D.wouldmarry
31.SupposingI___thisgift,whatwouldhesay?
A.accept
B.accepted
C.shouldaccept
D.wouldaccept
32.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.
A.give
B.shouldgive
C.begiven
D.wouldbegiven
33.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.
A.attended
B.hadattended
C.wouldattend
D.wouldhaveattended
34.Heinsistedthathe___mebefore.
A.see
B.shouldsee
C.hadseen
D.saw
35.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.
A.were
B.wouldbe
C.havebeen
D.hadbeen
36.We___ourliveshaditnotbeenforthepoliceman.
A.wouldhavelost
B.shouldlose
C.mightlose
D.couldhavelost
37.----Ithoughtyouwouldcomebacktomorrow.
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