第10讲不定式用法班课Word文档格式.docx
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1.Givemesomethingtoeat,please.请给我点东西吃。
2.Therearemanyplanstomake/tobemade.Thereisnothingtodo/tobedone.
但是：
Thereisnothingtospeakof.不要用tobespokenof
Thereisplentytoeat.不要用tobeeaten.
3.疑问词跟不定式的结构
动词不定式可以和疑问词搭配构成不定式短语，在句子中可做主语，宾语，表语。
Howtosolvetheproblemisabigproblem.（做主语）
Idon’tknowwhattodonextstep.（做宾语）
Whatmademeconfusedwashowtodotheworkwell.（做表语）”
（20-30分钟）
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语可位于句首。
Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneintoday'
ssociety.
也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。
Itisnecessaryforyoungstudentstolearnaforeignlanguage.
动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：
1.Itis＋adj./n.（＋forsb.／sth.）＋todosth.
用于此句型的形容词有：
easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。
Itisinterestingtoplaythisgame.
Itisnecessaryforyoutochangeyourjob.
Itwasimpossibleforthemtocompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.
考例1：
Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.now
B.man
C.that
D.it
用于此句型的名词有：
pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’s&
nbsp;
job,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。
Whatapityitisforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.
Itisgoodmannersfortheyoungtogivetheirseatstotheold.
2.Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.
该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如：
&
kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。
Howrudeitwasoftheboytojumpthequeue!
Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathomeintheirhouse.
Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance!
3.Ittakessb.＋sometime＋todosth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbybike.
二、作表语
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：
Mywish/job/aim/goalis…及Thenextstep/measureis…等。
Yourjobistotypethepapersintheoffice.Thenextmeasureistostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.
三、作宾语
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend,pretend,promise,offer,afford,demand,arrange等。
Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthesetwocities.
SheofferedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.
believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n+todosth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。
Ithinkitnecessaryforustohaveagoodrestafterthelongwork.
Shefeltitherdutytohelptheoldwoman.
四、作宾补
可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：
advise,allow,ask,hear,order,see,tell,want,wish,watch等。
Thedoctoradvisedhernotoeattoomuchsugar.Iwishyoutogotothemeetingwithme.
believe,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,think等动词后可接tobe型不定式作宾补。
Hedeclaredhimselftobeacollegestudent.他自称是名大学生。
Thepoliceprovedhimtobeathief.警察局证实他是小偷。
hope,demand,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。
【误】Ihopemysontobebacksoon.
【正】Ihopemysonwillbebacksoon.
【误】Shesuggestsustohaveadiscussionaboutit.
【正】Sheadvisesustohaveadiscussionaboutit.
【正】Shesuggeststhatwe（should）haveadiscussionaboutit.
在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：
“五看”（see,watch,notice,observe,lookat）“三使”（make,let,have）“两听”（hear,listento）“一感觉”（feel）。
Whomadehimworkallnightlong?
但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。
Hewasseentobreakthewindow.
五、作定语
动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：
作后置定语。
Haveyougotanythingtoeat?
（toeat修饰anything，位于其后）
下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：
ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。
Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.
由only,first,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。
Whowasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomlastnight?
六、作状语
动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.（目的）
Iamverysorrytohearthat.（原因）
Shehurriedhomeonlytofindherfatherdead.（结果）
Tolookatthepicture,youwouldlikeit.（条件）
作目的状语，还可以使用inorderto或soasto。
Theboyworkedsohardinordertomakeupforthelosttime.
结果状语还可以使用enoughto,too…to…,so…asto,such…asto等结构。
Hegotuptoolatetomisstheearlybus.
Shewasinsuchahurryasnottonoticeme.她如此匆忙，以致没有注意到我。
（10-15分钟）
有关不定式的练习题:
1.Heissaidto____tohiscountrybecauseanewpresidentcomesintopower.
A.beallowedtoreturn
B.allowtoreturn
C.allowreturning
D.beallowedreturning
2.Hespokeinsuchahighvoice____atthefurtherendoftheroom.
A.astobeheard
B.tobeheard
C.astohear
D.tohear
3.---Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?
---____newofficers.
A.Select
B.Selecting
C.Toselect
D.Tohaveselect
4.InAustralia,hemadealotoffriends____apracticalknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.
A.toget
B.get
C.getting
D.got
5.Toplayfairisasimportantas____.
A.toplaywell
B.playwell
C.weplaywell
D.playingwell
6.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
A.havingmet
B.eating
C.tomeet
D.tohavemet
7.Ratherthan_____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.
A.ride,ride
B.riding,ride
C.ride,toride
D.toride,riding
8.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.
A.notto
B.nottodo
C.notdoit
D.donotto
9.---Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?
---No,butsometimes,IwishI____.
A.hadtimeto
B.hadtimetodo
C.havetimeto
D.havetime
10.I’lldowhateverIcan____myEnglish.
A.improve
B.toimprove
C.improving
D.toimproving
11.Couldyoutellmethewayyou’vethoughtof_____?
A.todoit
B.doingit
C.doit
D.hastodoit
12.Hewasoftenlistened____inthenextroom.
A.sing
B.sung
C.totosing
D.tosinging
13.Wouldyoube____shutthewindow?
A.enoughkindto
B.kindenoughnotto
C.kindenoughto
D.sokindenoughasto
14.Don’ttakethemedicine,itcan’thelp____ridofyourcold.
A.getting
B.toget
C.togetting
D.gets
15.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot____.
A.worryabout
B.toworry
C.tobeworried
D.toworryabout
16.Everyminuteismadefull_____of_____ourlessons.
A.touse,study
B.use,studying
C.useful,tostudy
D.use,tostudy
17.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togo
B.tohavegone
C.going
D.havinggone
18.Youshouldn’tallow____gamesneartheclassroom,forit’stoonoisy.
A.studentplaying
B.play
C.studentstoplay
D.toplay
19.Thewaiterwasmade_____totheguest.
A.apologize
B.apologizing
C.toapologize
D.tobeapologizing
20.Whomwouldyourather_____thework?
A.tohavetodo
B.tohavedo
C.havetodo
D.havedo
21.Ihadmeant_____onyou,butIwassobusy.
A.call
B.tocall
C.calling
D.becalling
22.---Doyouoftenhavesomeone____yourclothes?
---Yes,Ioftenhavethem____.
A.wash,towash
B.towash,washed
C.washed,wash
D.wash,washed
23.Sheactuallyheardaboutit,buthepretended_____.
A.tohearnot
B.nothearing
C.tonothear
D.notto
24.Piecesofbambooorwood____booksbetween2ndand5thcenturyAD.
A.usedtoformed
B.usedtoform
C.wereusedtoform
D.usedtobeforming
25.---Whydidyoumovethetableoverthere?
---______thenewsofa?
A.Shareroomwith
B.Tomakeroomfor
C.Givenroomfor
D.Savingroomfor
26.Amiddle-agedwomancame_______tothebusstoponly______thebushadgone.
A.torun,finding
B.running,tofind
C.andran,found
D.running,find
27.Toknowwhatisgoodand______aretwodifferentthings.
A.knowingwhatiswrong
B.dowhatisright
C.todowhatisright
D.doingwhatisright
28.Smithappears______alongtime.Heisimpatientformyarrival.
A.towait
B.tobewaiting
C.tohavewaited
D.tohavebeenwaiting
29.Ourprofessorhasjustcomebackfromaboard.Heseems______histripverymuch.
A.toenjoy
B.tohaveenjoyed
C.tobeenjoying
D.tohavebeenenjoying
30.---WhyhasJacknotcomeyetnow?
Anythingwrongwithhim?
---Hedidn’tpassthetestbuthestill_______.
A.hopesso
B.hopesthat
C.hopesto
D.hopesit
（5分钟）
（留给学生写：
对本节课方法、模型、思路、公式、原理进行提炼和总结，并让学生牢记）
课后作业可以在练习题里选，题量根据学生接受能力而定，建议完成时间控制30分钟以内
答案部分
1-5AACAA
6-10CCAAB
11-15ACCBD
16—20DBCCD
21-25BDDCB
26-30BCDBC
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