定语从句归纳.doc
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定语从句(theattributiveclause)
一.什么叫定语从句?
一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二.定语从句的结构及种类
1.结构:
关系词+主语+谓语+其它
2.种类:
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
三.关系词的分类及关系词
1.关系代词:
who,whom,whose,that,which,as
2.关系副词:
when,where,why
四.关系词的功用
1.起连接作用,引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。
五.什么是先行词?
被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六.关系词的用法
1.who
当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who。
TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
2.whom
当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选whom.
ThisisourEnglishteacherwhomeverybodylikes.
3.whose
①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose.
Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksinafactory.
②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.
Westudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsfacetothesouth.
4.that
①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.
Thisisamachinethatcanwalk.
②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that.另外,that可以省略。
Ilikethepresent(that)myfathersentme.
③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=who
Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.
5.which
当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that
6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that
①当先行词为不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
②当先行词为不定代词all时
Mr.Lidoesallthathecantodohisworkwell.
③当先行词被all,some,any修饰时
TheseareallthethingsthatIhavedonetoday.
④当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
Thisistheonlycomputerthatheoftenturnstoforhelp.
⑤当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时
Thisisthecleaningroomthatyoucanseehere.
⑥time作先行词,前面有序数词或last修饰时
ThisisthelasttimethatI’llgiveyoupocketmoney.
⑦尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。
Heisnolongerthechildthatheusedtobe20yearsago
⑧以who开头的特殊疑问句,尽管先行词指人。
Whoisthepersonthatissittingontheground?
⑨当先行词包括人和物时。
7.下列情况下,关系词只能选which
①在非限制性定语从句中。
Thisismyfavoritepen,whichIboughtyesterday.
②先行词不是一个词,而是前面整个句子的概念时
Theboyisverypolite,whichmakeshisparentshappy.
③当先行词指物,用“介词+which”
ThisisthepenwithwhichIoftenwrite.
8.as
As引导定语从句时,有四种情况。
As在句中作主语,宾语。
①as单独引导定语从句。
Asweallknow(=Asisknowntousall),YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.
②thesame…as…与…一样
Ihavethesameideaasyou.
③such…as…和…一样
Don’treadsuchabookasyoucan’tunderstand.
④as…as…和…一样
Inthislibrary,youcanborrowasmanybooksasyoucan.
9.where
①当先行词是指地点的名词,而且关系副词在句中作状语时,选where,where=介词+which
Thisistheclassroomwherewestudy.
②尽管先行词是指地点的名词,但关系词在句中作主语,宾语时,只能选that/which.
Thisisthefactorythat/whichmakespaper
Thisisthefactory(that/which)wevisitedyesterday.
③尽管先行词是指地点的名词,关系词在句中作主语,宾语,但非限制性定语从句只能用which
Thisistheschool,whichhevisited.
④theone是代词,代替前面的名词,其后的that/which往往省略。
Isthisfactorytheoneyouvisited?
⑤当situation,job,mark,race,point等模糊概念的名词,关系词在句中作状语时,选where
You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
⑥尽管先行词是指地点的名词,关系词在句中作状语,但定语从句末有介词时,选which。
Thisisthelabwhichwedoexperimentsin.
10.when
①当先行词是指时间的名词,而且关系副词在句中作状语时,选when,when=介词+which
WewillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedwithMr.Smith.
②尽管先行词是指时间的名词,但关系词在句中作主语,宾语时,选that或which。
Mondayisthedaywhich/thatcomesbeforeTuesday.
Wewillneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespentwithhim.
③尽管先行词是指时间的名词,关系词在句中作主语,宾语,但非限制性定语从句只能选which。
Wednesdayistheday,whichcomesbeforeThursday.
④one作替代词,代替前面表示时间的名词,其后的that/which往往省略。
Thatwasanexcitingmoment,oneIwillrememberforever.
⑤time作先行词,前面有序数词或last时,只能选that。
Isthisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforschoolthisweek?
11.why
①当先行词是指表示原因的名词reason时,如果关系副词作状语,选why,why=forwhich.
ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.
②当先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,如果关系副词在句中作宾语,选that/which,也可省略。
Myparentsdidn’tbelievethereason(that/which)Igivehim.
七.介词+which/whom
1.介词+which/whom
①介词的选择根据下面四种情况
a.根据定语从句中的谓语动词
Whoisthepersonwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnow?
b.根据定语从句中的形容词
InlearningEnglish,hehadtwothingsaboutwhichhewasnotsure.
c.根据定语从句所修饰的先行词
ThisisthebikebywhichIgotoschool.
d.根据句意。
Thisisthetrainonwhichheworks.
②如果关系词指人,选whom,如果关系词指物,选which。
2.不定代词+of+which/whom
常用的不定代词有:
both,neither,either(两者之一),all,none,many,most,some,any
Mr.Lihastwosons,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.
Thereare10.000booksinthislibrary,mostofwhichareinteresting.
3.数词,分词,百分数+of+which/whom
Thereare50studentsinourclass,twothirdsofwhomaregirls.
4.the+名词+of+which=whose+名词
Hehasjustboughtamagazine,thecoverofwhich(=whosecover)ismissing.
5.介词+whose+名词
Thisisourschoolteachingbuilding,onwhosetopthereisaredflag.
八.非限制性定语从句
如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号,它就是非限制性定语从句。
引导非限制性的定语从句的关系词有:
which,who,when,where,why,whom,whose.
九.分隔性的定语从句
有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开,把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。
ThedaysaregonewhenChinausedforeignoil.
=GonearethedayswhenChinausedforeignoil.
十.Theway作先行词,引导定语