英语报刊选读作业答案11文档格式.docx

英语报刊选读作业答案11文档格式.docx

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Keys:

1.Givethedefinitionofthefollowingterms.

1）feature

aprominentorspecialarticle,story,ordepartmentinanewspaperorperiodical.

2）editorial

anarticleinapublicationexpressingtheopinionofitseditorsorpublishers.

3）op-ed

oforbeinganewspaperpage,usuallyoppositetheeditorialpage,thatfeaturessignedarticlesexpressingpersonalviewpoints

4）invertedpyramid

Theinvertedpyramidisatraditionalformofwritinginwhichthenewsisstackedinparagraphsinorderofdescendingimportance.Theleadsummarizestheprincipalitemsofanewsevent.Thesecondparagraphandeachsucceedingparagraphcontainsecondaryorsupportingdetailsinorderofdecreasingsignificance.Alltheparagraphsinthestorycontainnewsworthyinformation,buteachparagraphislessvitalthantheonebeforeit.Inverted-pyramidformputstheclimaxofastoryatthebeginning,inthelead.

5）lead

Aleadisaterseopeningparagraphthatprovidesthegistofthestoryandinvitesreadersinside.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhardnewsandsoftnews?

Hardnewsevents,suchaskillings,andspeechesbyleadinggovernmentofficials,aretimelyandarereportedalmostautomaticallybythemedia.Softnewsevents,suchasacarwashbyafourth-graderstoraisemoneyforaclassmatewithcancer,arenotusuallyconsideredimmediatelyimportantortimelytoawideaudience.Theseeventsstillcontainelementsofnews,however,andthemediaoftenreportthem.

3.Whatisthedifferencebetweennewsandfeatures?

Anewsstoryemphasizesthefactsoftheevent,whilethefeaturedisplacesthefactstoaccommodatethehumaninterestofthestory.

4.Whatarethemajorcriteriafornewsworthiness?

Proximity

Prominence

Timeliness

Impact

ConflictandControversy

Uniqueness

Humaninterest

5.Whataretheprinciplesofnewswriting?

Newswritingtendstobe:

1.Impersonaltomakeitappearobjective（todistancethereporterfromthestory）hence:

–Writteninthethirdperson

–Useofdirectspeechorindirectspeechwhichisattributedtosomeoneotherthanthereporter,

–Someuseofpassiveverbsbutusuallyonlywhensomeonewhoisbeingquotedwantstodistancethemselvesfromanissueandtoshowobjectivelyaboutnissue.

2.Aboutsomethingthathastakenplacesomostlywritteninthepasttense.

3.Simple–Infactclosetothewaywetalk–relativelyshortsentencesandwordsandsomeuseofcliché

swhichthewholeaudienceunderstand.

4.Punchy–itmustgrabthereader’sattentionsooftenuses:

–shortratherthanlongwords

–activeverbs

–relativelyshortsentences

–concreteratherthanabstractvocabulary

–sometimesemotiveandcolorfulvocabulary

–someuse（butnotoveruse）ofadjectives

5.Butalsorelativelyformalhence:

–nouseofcontractions

–sentenceswritteninfull（noelision）orellipticalsentences

6.sometimesimageryisusedtohelpcreateaclearermentalpictureforthereader.

7.oftenincludingthereporter’sby-lineand/oradate-line

6.Readthefollowingheadlinesandanalyzethefeaturesofthelanguagetheyuse.

a）MoreIraqisSaidtoFleeSinceTroopRise

Whenpassivevoiceisusedinheadlines,“tobe”isalwaysomitted.Here“are”in“MoreIraqisaresaidtoflee…”isomitted.Nounsandnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.Nounphraseswhichactuallyexpressactionsorstateareheavilyused,andtheyarederivedfromverbphrasesinordertomakethesentencesmorecompactandsavespacewithoutloweringtheamountofinformationconveyed.Insteadof“sincethetrooprises”,nounphrase“trooprise”isused.

b）Insurgentraidkills22villagers

Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.Thepresenttensegivesthesubjectasenseoffreshnessandimmediacy,makingitmoreinterestingtoread.Insteadofusing“killed”,“kills”isusedtodescribewhathappenedinthepast.Besides,thearticle“An”in“aninsurgentraid”isomitted.

c）BangladeshSetsCurfewToCurbStudentProtests

Shortwords（i.e.midgetwords）areoftenusedtoconservespaceinheadlines,forexample,“curb”inthisheadline.Besides,presenttense“sets”isusedtodescribeapastevent.

d）StormDeathTollinMidwestClimbs

1.Compactnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.

2.Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.

e）WallStreetslightlylowerascreditworrieslinger

Rhetoricdevicesoftenusedinthewritingofnewspaperheadlines.

Inthisheadline,WallStreetreferstothestockexchange,whichisametonymy.Anotherrhetoricdeviceusedhereisrhyme（Correspondenceofterminalsoundsofwordsoroflinesofverse）,aswefindinlowerandlinger.

f）Chinalaunchescrackdownoninferiorgoods,unsafefood

Inordertoconservespaceinheadlines,commaissometimesusedtoreplace“and”.

g）ChinatobecomeU.S.thirdlargestexportmarketbyyearend

Inphraseheadlines,infinitivesaresometimesusedtoindicateafutureactionorevent.

7.Whatdothefollowingabbreviationsandacronymsstandfor?

1）CPPCCChinesePeople'

sPoliticalConsultativeConference中国人民政治协商会议

2）NASANationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局

3）IMFInternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织

4）WHOWorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织

5）DJIDow-JonesIndex道·

琼斯指数

6）PMprimeminister首相；

总理

7.Readthefollowingnewsstoryandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whatistheheadlineofthereport?

Sprawlputshousesinhotzones

2.Whatisthesubheadingofthereport?

Lackoffirehydrantsagrowingproblem

3.Whatisthebylineofthereport?

ByJosephGidjunis

USATODAY

4.Whatisthedatelineofthereport?

Salisbury,Md

作业三：

社会群体与政治体制

Lesson4

Answerstothequestions

1.C2.A3.C4.A

1.Shefeelsblessed,becauseshehasachancetobewhoshereallyisanddoeswhatshelovesdoingalldaylong.

2.CarolRyffhasdefinedwell-beingasthepresenceofsixqualities:

independence,theabilitytocopewithcomplexdemands,afeelingofgrowthasaperson,goodrelationships,goalsthatgivelifemeaning,andanacceptanceoftheselfandthepast.

3.CarolTavris’motherwastreatedasapatient.Herdoctorandtherapistandhusbandwerequicktoascribeallillstoher“condition”.Theyallregardedmenopauseasadiseasetobecured.Herdoctoraskedheralotofquestions,thenwroteoutaprescriptionforherandleftherhavetheprescriptionfilled.

4.ReverentFosterthinksthatthereisalotoffreedominmidlife.Shesuggeststhatmiddle-agedwomenshouldlettheirpastgo,incorporateitintowhotheyarenowandstepintothefuture.

Lesson7

1.C2.B3.C4.D

5.Becauseformanyyears,politiciansspokelittleabouttheirpersonalfaith.BothEisenhowerandKennedywereunwillingtotalkabouttheirownreligiousfaith.

6.BecauseEisenhowerandKennedywereoperatinginanAmericawheremanyProtestants,CatholicsandJewsregardedeachotherasthreatstothepublicgood.Stirringupsuchfeelingswasdangerous.

7.CartercarriedevangelicalChristians,whichhelpedhimsweeptheSouthandrunwellinruralareas.

8.Theauthorbelievesthatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenreligionandpolitics,butcandidatesshouldkeepreligionwithinappropriatebounds.

AdditionalReading

1.TheborderwallisplannedtobebuiltthisfalltostemillegalimmigrationintoAmerica.

2.Landownersareconcerneditmaycutacrosstheirproperty,conservationistsseeitdestroyingcrucialriversidehabitat,andsomeactivistsseeitinflamingethnictensions.

3.Itisanexpressionoffriendshipbetweentwomayors,twocitiesandtwocountries.

4.Theborderwallisneededtohelpblocktheswellingtideofillegalimmigrationaswellaswidespreaddrugandgunsmuggling.

5.BecausetheMexicangovernmenthasfaileditsownpeopleandMexicanswereforcedtogonorthseekingjobsbecauseofthepovertytheyfacedathome.

作业四：

家庭婚姻与教育卫生

Lesson12

1.D2.D3.C4.D

5.WhentheyfoundtheirmarriageflounderingoverStephen’sinabilitytokeephispromises,theyattendedamarriage-educationcoursetolearnthecommunicationskills.Afterawhiletheyfeltthatworkingontheirmarriagewasalltheyweredoing.Tooffsetthatfeeling,theyinstitutedaThursdaydatenightwherediscussionofanythingseriousisstrictlyforbidden.

6.Hesuggestscouplessetupweeklymeetingstodiscussdifferenceswhentheycanbecalmandopentonewideas.

7.Theydecidedtorenewtheircommitmenttotheirmarriageinsteadofchoosingdivorce.Thebeliefincommitmentmadethemcomethroughthecrisis.Thehusbandchangedhisoutlookandgotajobasasalesman.Today,theirmarriageisbackonsolidground.

8.Hethinksthatasthebetrayalcausesdeephurt,thewoundstohealwilltakealongtime.Hesuggeststhattheonewhohasmadethemistakehastoworkveryhardtoregainthetrustoftheotherside.

Lesson15

1.B2.C3.A4.B

9.Accordingtoher,thereasonisthatmedicalinflationhasoutstrippedtheincreasesinMedicarereimbursementandcausedmountinglosses.

10.BecausetheCongressintendedtoreversetheexodusfromtheMedicareprogram.

11.HethinksthattheCongresscontinuestopourmoneyintothecoffersofMedicareH.M.O.’sinhopesofprovidingbettercaretoAmerica’sse