高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解5I.docx

高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解5I.docx

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高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解5I

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（5）（I）

科普知识（阅读理解）由（xx辽宁,C）改编

Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:

Mentalworkalonecan’tmakeustired.Itsoundsabsurd.Butafewyearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue（疲劳）.Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!

Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer,wewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins（毒素）andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.

Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?

Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatigueesfromourmentalandemotional（情感的）attitudes.OneofEngland’smostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.Brill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”

Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?

Joy?

Satisfaction?

No!

Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated—thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.

1.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?

（　　）

A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer’sblood.

B.AlbertEinsteindidn’tfeelwornoutafteraday’swork.

C.Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.

D.Amentalworker’sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?

（　　）

A.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.

C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor.

3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientists’ideas?

（　　）

A.Heagreeswiththem.

B.Hedoubtsthem.

C.Hearguesagainstthem.

D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedto　　　. 

A.havesomegoodfoodB.enjoytheirwork

C.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins

语篇解读:

科学家们研究发现,单纯的脑力劳动不会使人感到劳累。

真正使人感觉疲劳的是一些不良的情感态度。

答案及剖析:

1.C　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscovered...可知,大脑活跃时,流经大脑的血液没有表现出疲劳。

故C项正确。

2.B　细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是不良的情感问题,如:

厌烦、生气、焦急、紧张、忧虑等,故B项正确。

3.A　推理判断题。

本文主要介绍了科学家的研究成果,作者对此进行了进一步的分析、论证,对情感态度导致人疲劳的观点持肯定态度,并未对此进行质疑,故A项正确。

4.B　推理判断题。

根据最后两段的叙述可知,不良的心理和情感态度是导致脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因,因而保持好的心理状态才会感觉精力充沛;B项意为“喜欢他们的工作”,符合文意,这就避免了导致疲劳的烦躁、气愤等情感。

其余几项都与导致疲劳的因素无关,故排除。

【疑难词汇解读】

appreciatevt.感激

I’dappreciateitifyouletmegetonwithmyjob.

如能让我继续工作,我会非常感激的。

【长难句子分析】

.

如果从一个劳动了一天的人身上取一滴血,我们就会发现血中充满了疲惫的因素及产物。

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

（xx·山东实验中学一模）

GlobalPositioningSystems（全球定位系统）arenowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Thesesatellitebasedsystemsprovideturnbyturndirectionstohelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.However，theycanalsocausealotofproblems，sendyoutothewrongplaceorleaveyoupletelylost.Manytimes，thedriveristoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften，saysBarryBrown，itisabinationofthetwo.

BarryBrowniswiththeMobileLifeCentreinStockholm，Sweden.HetoldusaboutanincidentinvolvingafriendwhohadflowntoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPSequippedcartouseduringhisstay.MrBrownsays，“Theyjustpluggedinanaddressandthensetofftotheirdestination.And，thenitwasn’tuntiltheyweredrivingforthirtyminutesthattheyrealizedtheyactuallyputinadestinationbackontheWestCoastwheretheylived.Theyactuallyputtheirhomeaddressin.Soagain，theGPSiskindof‘garbageingarbageout’．”

MrBrownsaysthisisamonhumanerror，butwhatmakestheproblemworsehastodowithsomeoftheshortings，orfailures，ofGPSequipment.Hesays，“OneproblemwithalotoftheGPSunitsistheyhaveaverysmallscreenandtheyjusttellyouthenextturn.Becausetheyjustgiveyouthenextturn，sometimesthatmeansthatitisnotreallygivingyoutheoverviewthatyouwouldneedtoknowthatit’sgoingtothewrongplace.”

MrBrownsays，“Oneofthethingsthatstruckus，perhapsthemostimportantthingwasthatyouhavetoknowwhatyou’redoingwhenyouuseaGPS.Therearethesenewskillsthatpeoplehavedeveloped.Therearethesenewpetencies（资格）thatyouneedtohavetobeabletouseaGPSbecausetheysometimesgowrong.ThisgoesagainstamonbeliefthatGPSsystemsareforpassivedriverswholacknavigationalskills.”

BarryBrownsaystomakeGPSsystemsbetterweneedabe