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1.Inthesmartapplicationofinstrumentation

Single-chipwithsmallsize,lowpowerconsumption,control,andexpansionflexibility,miniaturizationandeaseofuse,widelyusedininstrumentation,thecombinationofdifferenttypesofsensors,canberealized,suchasvoltage,power,frequency,humidity,temperature,flow,speed,thickness,angle,length,hardness,element,measurementofphysicalpressure.SCMmakesuseofdigitalinstrumentation,intelligence,miniaturizationandfunctionalthantheuseofelectronicordigitalcircuitryevenstronger.Forexample,precisionmeasurementequipment（powermeter,oscilloscope,andanalyzer）.

2.Intheindustrialcontrol

MCUcanconstituteavarietyofcontrolsystems,dataacquisitionsystem.Suchasfactoryassemblylineofintelligentmanagement,intelligentcontrolofthelift,allkindsofalarmsystems,andcomputernetworksconstituteasecondarycontrolsystem.

Single-chip70wasborninthelate20thcentury,experiencedaSCM,MCU,SoCthreestages.

Single-chipmicro-computer1.SCMthat（SingleChipMicrocomputer）stage,ismainlyasingleformtofindthebestofthebestembeddedsystemsarchitecture."

Innovationmodel"

tobesuccessful,laytheSCMwiththegeneral-purposecomputers,acompletelydifferentpathofdevelopment.Inembeddedsystemstocreateanindependentdevelopmentpath,IntelCorporationcredit.

Thatis,2.MCUmicrocontroller（MicroControllerUnit）stage,themaindirectionoftechnologydevelopment:

expandingtomeettheembeddedapplications,thetargetsystemrequirementsforthevariousperipheralcircuitsandinterfacecircuits,tohighlightthetargetofintelligentcontrol.Itcoversallareasrelatedwiththeobjectsystem,therefore,thedevelopmentofMCUinevitablyfallontheheavyelectrical,electronicsmanufacturers.Fromthispointofview,Intel'

sdevelopmentgraduallyMCUhasitsobjectivefactors.MCUinthedevelopment,themostfamousmanufacturerswhenthenumberofPhilipsCorporation.

3.Single-chipisanindependentembeddedsystemsdevelopment,totheMCUanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentstage,isseekingapplicationstomaximizetheon-chipsolution;

Therefore,thedevelopmentofdedicatedsingle-chipSoCformedanaturaltrend.Withthemicro-electronicstechnology,ICdesign,EDAtoolsdevelopment,basedonthesingle-chipSoCdesignapplicationsystemswillhavegreaterdevelopment.Therefore,theunderstandingofsingle-chipmicro-computerfromasingle,monolithicsingle-chipmicrocontrollerextendstoapplications.

AT89C51Introduction

89C51isa4Kbyteflickerwitherasableprogrammableread-onlymemory（FPEROM-FalshProgrammableandErasableReadOnlyMemory）ofthelow-voltage,high-performancedigitalmicroprocessorsCMOS8,commonlyknownassingle-chipmicrocomputer.89C2051isaflickerwith2KbytesEEPROM-programmablemicrocontroller.MCUEEPROMerasurecanberepeated100times.ThedeviceATMELmanufacturehigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologywithindustry-standardMCS-51instructionsetandpincompatibleoutput.Owingtothemulti-purpose8-bitCPUandflashmemorychipsinasingleportfolio,ATMEL'

s89C51isahigh-performancemicrocontrollers,89C2051isastreamlinedversionofit.89Csingle-chipembeddedcontrolsystemformanyprovidesaflexibleandinexpensiveprogram.

1.KeyFeatures:

•CompatiblewithMCS-51

•4KbytesofprogrammableFlashMemory

Lifeexpectancy:

1000write/wipecycle

Dataretentiontime:

10years

•workfull-static:

0Hz-24Hz

•three-tierprogrammemorylock

•128*8-bitinternalRAM

•32programmableI/Olines

•Two16-bittimer/counter

•5interruptsources

•ProgrammableSerialChannel

•low-poweridleandpower-downmode

•-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry

2.PinDescription:

VCC:

powersupplyvoltage.

GND:

Ground.

P0I:

P0portforan8-bitopendrainbi-directionallevelI/Oport,eachpincanabsorbcurrent8TTLdoor.WhenthepinP1thefirsttimeIwrite1,isdefinedasthehighimpedanceinput.P0procedurescanbeusedforexternaldatamemory,whichcanbedefinedasdata/addressoftheeighth.InFIASHprogramming,P0portinputastheoriginalcode,whenFIASHwhentocheck,P0outputoftheoriginalcode,thistimetobepushedoutsideP0.

P1port:

P1portisaninternalpull-upresistortoprovidethe8-bitbi-directionalI/Oport,P1portoutputbuffertoreceivecurrent4TTLdoor.IwriteP1pin1,theinternalpull-high,canbeusedasinput,P1Iwasoutsidewhenthedrop-downlow,theoutputcurrent,whichisduetointernalreasonspull.FLASHprogrammingandcheckintime,P1astheeighthaddressIreceive.

P2port:

P2mouthtoaninternalpull-upresistor8-bitbi-directionalI/Oport,P2Ireceivebuffers,theoutputcurrentof4TTLgate,whentheP2Iwaswriting"

1"

thepinwasinsidethepushpull-upresistor,andasaninput.Andthereforeasatype,P2Iwasoutsideofthepindown,theoutputcurrent.Thisisduetointernalreasonspull.P2I,whenusedinexternalprogrammemoryor16-bitaddressestoaccessexternaldatamemorywhen,P2Iaddressthehigh-output8.Inthegivenaddress"

whenusingtheinternalpull-advantage,wheneightoftheexternaldatamemoryreadandwriteaddresswhen,P2Ioutputthecontentsofspecialfunctionregisters.P2IcheckintheFLASHprogrammingandhigh-eighthourstoreceivetheaddresssignalsandcontrolsignals.

P3I:

P3portis8-pinwithinternalpull-upresistoronthebi-directionalI/Oporttoreceivetheoutputcurrentof4TTLgate.P3WhenIwrite"

theywereforinternalpull-high,andusedasinput.Asinput,astheexternalpull-downlow,P3willoutputcurrentI（ILL）Thisisbecausethepullofthereason.

P3portcanalsobeusedasanumberofspecialfeaturesAT89C51mouth,thefollowingtable:

FunctionalI-pinoptions

P3.0RXD（serialinput）

P3.1TXD（serialoutputport）

P3.2/INT0（externalinterrupt0）

P3.3/INT1（externalinterrupt1）

P3.4T0（timer0externalinput）

P3.5T1（timer1externalinput）

P3.6/WR（externaldatamemorywritestrobe）

P3.7/RD（externaldatamemoryreadstrobe）

P3mouthatthesametimeflashingcheckprogrammingandprogramminganumberofcontrolsignalstoreceive.

RST:

Resetinput.Whentheoscillatordevicereset,theRSTpintomaintainthehighleveloftwomachinecycletime.

ALE/PROG:

Whenaccesstoexternalmemory,theaddresslatchoftheoutputleveltoallowforthelatchstatusoftheaddressbyte.FLASHprogrammingintheperiod,thispinforinputpulseprogramming.Inpeacetime,ALEclienttochangethefrequencyofcyclepositivepulseoutputsignal,thefrequencyoftheoscillatorfrequencyof1/6.Thereforeitcanbeusedasapulseoutputtotheoutsideorforthepurposefromtimetotime.However,itshouldbenotedthat:

Whenusedasexternaldatamemory,itwillskiponeALEpulse.IfyouwanttoprohibittheoutputofALEcanbeSFR8EHhomeaddress0.Atthispoint,ALEisonlyintheimplementationofMOVX,MOVCinstructionistheonlyroleofALE.Inaddition,thepinwaspushedupslightly.IfthemicroprocessorintheimplementationofthestateoftheexternalALEprohibitedinvalidhome.

/PSEN:

externalprogrammemoryoftheselectedsignal.Bytheexternalprogrammemoryaccessreferstotheperiod,twiceeachmachinecycle/PSENeffective.However,whenaccesstoexternaldatamemory,thesetwoeffective/PSENsignalwillnotoccur.

/EA/VPP:

When/EAtomaintainlow-level,thenduringthisperiodtheexternalprogrammemory（0000H-FFFFH）,regardlessofwhetherthereisaninternalprogrammemory.Note1encryptionmethod,/EAwillbelockedtotheinternalRESET;

when/EAtomaintainhigh-end,thesaidinternalprogrammemory.FLASHprogrammingintheperiod,thispinisalsousedtoexertpower12Vprogramming（VPP）.

XTAL1:

reverseoscillationamplifierinputandtheworkoftheinternalclockcircuitinput.

XTAL2:

Outputfromtheoscillatorreverse.

3.Oscillatorcharacteristics:

XTAL1andXTAL2arethereverseoftheinputandoutputamplifier.Theamplifiercanbeconfiguredtoreverse-chiposcillator.Oscillationoscillationcrystalsandceramicscanbeused.Ifanexternalclocksourcedrivethedevice,XTAL2shouldnottake.Thantotheinternalclocksignalinputthroughasecondsub-frequencyflip-flop,sotheexternalclocksignalpulsew