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tobounce

onhand

tobounceitalongwithonhand

5.Averylargefrogcalledabullfroghasadeeploudvoice.Fromsentenceabove.Whatdoesabullfrogmeaning?

averylargefrogwithhasadeeploudvoice

averylargefrog

adeeploudvoice

afrog

6.Finsareagreathelpinswimming.Afishpushesitselfforwardbymovingitstailandtailfinsfromsidetoside.Itsotherfinshelpitkeepitsbalance.theyalsohelpguideit.Whatisthetopicofthisparagraph?

Fins

Swimming

Fish

Howtoswim

7.From6,whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

Finshelptoguidefishinwater.

Afishmovesitselfforwardbymovingitstailtotailfins.

Finshelpafishtokeepitsbalance.

Finsareagreathelpinswimming.

8.Heboughtaleatherjacketandworeittohisoffice.Hiscolleagueslikeitandaskedwherehegotit.thenextdayoneofthementeredtheofficewearingacoatthatlookedexactlylikehis.Whatdoesthemeaningof"

oneofthem"

inpassage?

aleatherjecket

acolleague

office

acoat

9.Davehadtroubleremovingthelastsparkplugfromthecar'

sengine.Hewantedtocheckalloftheplugsbeforehebeganworkingonthefaultycarburetor.Whatisaninferenceofpassage?

Heisarancher.

Heisabutcher.

Heisamechanic.

Heisacarpenter.

10.Anofficerwasfindingfaultwiththecampcook,whowasstirringsomethinginabigsoupkettle."

I'

vebeengettingcomplaintsaboutyourcooking,"

shoutedtheofficer."

Justletmetastethesoup."

thecookquietlygavehimaspoonandtheofficertookataste.Hespatitoutatonce."

Why,thattasteslikedishwater,"

heyelled."

Yes,sir,"

repliedthecook."

That'

swhatitis."

Wecanconcludethat___________________.

Theofficerpreferredtotastethesoupbeforetheothers.

Thecookdidnotliketheofficer.

Thesoupwasmadefromdishwater.

Theofficergotalotofcomplaintsaboutcooking.

ChapterOne:

HowtouseaDictionary.

DictionaryisforpeoplewhoarelearningEnglishasasecondorforeignlanguage.IfyouarelearningEnglishyouneedadictionarythatgivesyouspecialkindsofinformation.Dictionarycanhelpyoubothasareferencebookandasactivelearningtool.

Agooddictionarycantellyoualotmoreaboutawordthanjustitsmeaning,including（amongotherthings）:

ThisiswillgiveyoutoknowaboutaDictionary.

ColorAmE//ColourBrE//‘kΛlr/n.1.[U]Thequalitywhichallowsonetoseethedifferencebetween（forexample）aredflowerandablueflowerwhenbotharethesamesizeandshape:

HUE.Thecolorofmynewcarisbronzeorbronzecolor.

Kid/kId/n.[C]1（informal）achildoryoungperson:

Howareyoukids?

Opp.Adult.2.Kidbrother/sister（informal）（especiallyUS）Youngerbrother/sister3.Ayounggoat

1WordEntry:

WordsthatareconsideredimportantandusefultostudyasthebasisofthegrowingknowledgeforlearnerslearningEnglish.ThewordsineverydaylifeeitherinspeakingorwrithingareselectedandputintothedictionaryinchronologicalorderofEnglishAlphabets.Thewordsappearinginthedictionaryinboldtypeandastheheadword（orthefirstword）arecalledwordentries.

2Otherspellings:

Ifawordcanbespelledintodifferentways,bothBritishandAmericanareshown.

3Stress:

Oftenshownbyamark//（alittlebar）beforethesyllabletobestressedorbyunderlining.

4Pronunciation:

Eachwordisfollowedbyitspronunciation,givenintheinternationalPhoneticAlphabet.BritishandAmericanpornunciationareshowntoyou.Lookatthelistofspecialpronunciationtalbe,youwillseecommonwordsnexttothesymbols.Thesewordshelpyoutolearntopronouncethesounds.

AmericanEnglish

5.Partsofspeech（orwordclass）:

Partsofthespeechisthefuncitonofthewordusedinthesentence.Itcanhelpyoulocatetheappropriatemeaningofthewordinasentence.Usuallypartsofspeechareshowninshortformsfollowingthepronunciation.ForExample:

v.=Verbn.=Nounadj.=Adjective

adv.=Adverbprep.=prepositionconj.=Conjunction

c.=Countablen.uc.=Uncountablen.v.t.=Transitivev.

v.i.=Intransitivev.

6 

Definitions（meanings）:

Thedefinitionsormeaningscomesrightafterthepartsofspeech.Thispartgivesyouthemeaningofthewordyouarelookingfor.Usuallywordshavemorethanonemeaning.Choosethemostappropriatemeaning,whichcorrespondstotheway,thatthewordisusedinthesentence.Awordwithmorethanonemeaninghasnumbereddefinitions,oneforeachmeaning,oftenwithexample.

7 

Example:

Mostdefinitionsindictionaryarefollowedbyexamplesthatshowedhowthewordisused.Theexamplesmaybeinshortphrasesorwholesentences,andtheyarewritteninitalicletters.

8 

Synonyms:

Sometimesitisusefultoshowasynonym,awordthathasthesamemeaning,asthewordthatisbeingdefined.Thisisshownafterthedefinition.

9 

Antonyms:

Adictionarysometimeslistswordswithoppositemeanings（antonyms）.

10 

StylisticsValue:

Thewordsthatyouarelookingforinthedictionaryhavespecialuseinlanguage.ThedictionarytellsyouthespecialuseofthewordsyouarelookingforwhethertheareBritish（Br.）orAmerican（Am.）,colloquial（spokenlanguage）,archaic（old-fashionedwords）,literary（wordsusedinliterature）,poeticorslang.ThisinformationisusefultoforeignstudentsofEnglishwhooftenhavedifficultyinunderstandingthespecialuseofwords. 

ChapterTwo:

PrefixandSuffix.

InEnglishtherearetwokindsofwords:

1 

Wordsthatcanstandalone:

thewordsinthisgroupcanstandaloneasacompleteword.Forexample:

Phone,Sharp,Green,Ship,Run,Walk,Live,Die,Tell,Can,See,Read,Sleep,Ship,Chair

2 

Wordsthatcan’tstandalone:

Thewordsinthisgroupcan’tstandaloneasacompleteword.Itmustbecombinedwithprefixes,suffixes,orotherroots（stemorbase）.Forexample

Stem

Meaning

Examples

Vis

see

vision,visible

Ject

throw

project,reject

Dent

teeth

dentist,denta

Prefixandsuffix

Prefix

ManyEnglishwordsaremadeupofthreeparts:

aroot（baseorstem）,aprefix,andasuffix.Itcanbeformedinthreeways:

1prefix+rootforexample:

re+place=replace

2root+suffixforexample:

break+able=breakable

3prefix+root+suffixforexample:

un+break+able=unbreakable

Whatareroot,prefix,andsuffix?

∙Theroot（baseorstem）ofawordisthemainpartofaword.Itgivesthebasicmeaningofawordanditcannotbedividedintosmallunitsofmeaning.

∙Aprefixisaletterorgroupoflettersthatcanbeaddedtothebeginningofastemorword,usuallytochangeitsmeaning.Theycannotstandalone,theyhavetobeattachedtoaroot.Forexample,

ThismorningIborrowedapenfrommyfriendandImeanttoreplaceitimmediatelyafterusingit.Butunfortunately,somehowImisplacedit.NowI’llhavetobuyhimanewone.

ByaddingRe-andMiss-tothewordplace,twonewwordsareformed.Re-means“againorback”,soReplacemeans“toplaceagainorputback”.Mis-means“wrongorwrongly”,somisplacemeans“toputsomethinginthewrongplace”（orinthiscasetolose）.

∙Asuffixisaletterorgroupoflettersaddedtotheendofstemortoanothersuffix,usuallytochangeitspartofspeech（noun,adjective,verb,adverb）orfunction.Itcanbeanounsuffix,averbsuffix,anadjectivesuffixoranadverbsuffix.

SinceEnglishlanguageisbuiltupuponwordslikeroots,prefixes,andsuffixes,knowingprefixandsuffixcanhelplearnerswithmorevocabularies,Studentscanguessthemeaningoftheunknownwordswhichonecetheyhavenotheardatall.Studentswillhavemorebuiltupvocabulary.Anexamplebelowshowsthattheknowledgeofroots,prefix,andsuffixdoeshelpstudentsgreatlyinlearningvocabularies.Forexample:

Act（v.）=todo

stem

suffix

word

d

Act（v.）

-ive

active（adj.）

-ate

activate（v.）

d

-ty

activity（n.）

-or

actor（n.）

-ress

actress（n.）

-ual

actual（adj.）

-ual

-ly

actually（adv.）

d-ity

actuality（n.）

re-

react（v.）

dre-

dd

reactor（n.）

re-

-ion

reaction（n.）

re-

-ary

reactionary（adj.）

reactive（adj.）

reactivate（adj.）

en-

-ment

enactment（n.）

enact（v.）

in-

dddd

inactive（adj.）

inter-

interact（v.）

interaction（n.）

interactive（adj.）

-ive

-lly

interactively（adv.）

ddddd

interactivity（n.）

trans-

transact（v.）

trans-

transaction（n.）

Manywordsareformedbyaddingaffixes（prefixesandsuffixes）tothestem.

Studythemeaningsofthewordswiththestem“toact=todo”withitsprefixesandsuffixes.

∙ThreearealotofactiveandinactivevolcanoesinIndonesia.（busy;

lively;

inclinedtoaction）

∙Canyouactivatethismachine?

（makeactive）

∙Threewaslittleactivityonthestockmarkettoday.（thestateofbeingactive）

∙IknowthatTomCruiseistheleadingactorofthatmoviebut