职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案Word下载.docx

职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案Word下载.docx

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sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'

tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs：

theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.

　　FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'

sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'

shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew（排放）PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'

steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe（探查）othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'

swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.

　　Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'

sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'

smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained（长期的）mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.

　　Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.

　　16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　参考答案：

B

　　17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'

physicalhealth.

　　18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.

　　19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.

C

　　20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.

21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.

A

　　22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.

　　第三部分：

概括大意与完成句子

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;

（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）

FirstImage-recognitionssoftware

　　1）DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.

　　2）Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（图片说明），makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.

　　3）"

Overthelast30years,"

saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"

thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch"

　　4）Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.

　　23.Paragraph1_____

　　A.Popularityofthenewsystem

　　B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery

　　C.Functionofthenewsystem

　　D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated

　　E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines

　　F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval

D

　　24.Paragraph2_____

　　25.Paragraph3_____

E

　　26.Paragraph4_____

F

　　27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby_____.

　　A.informationinimages

　　B.currentpopularsearchengines

　　C.usingphotos

　　D.machinevisionsystems

　　E.documentsearch

　　F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage

　　28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____.

　　29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_____.

　　30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_____.

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　第一篇：

WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?

　　Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'

reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?

Doesitincreasebloodpressure?

Doesithelpyouconcentrate?

However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.

　　Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（树冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土长的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'

tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.

　　Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.

　　Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.

　　Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"

shadegrown"

and"

birdfriendly."

Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'

repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'

sworthit.

　　31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

　　A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.

　　B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.

　　C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.

　　D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.

　　32.Thefunctionoftheword"

Traditionally"

inParagraph2istoshow_____.

　　A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.

　　B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.

　　C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.

　　D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.

　　33.Wh