高中英语 Unit1 School life语法 定语从句讲练1牛津译林版必修1Word格式文档下载.docx
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先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语,宾语
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
宾语
Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking
Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.
whose
人,物
定语
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.
that
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.
which
物
Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
as
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
例如:
(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)
①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?
(作主语)
②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.(作主语)
③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.(作宾语)
④Thisisthenewsecretary(who/whom/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.(作宾语)
⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.(作定语)
注意:
关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。
(见上例③④)
(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况
which,that在代替物时,一般可以通用。
但在有些情况下,只用that。
1先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.
⑵先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时。
①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.
②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.
⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。
①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.
⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。
①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.
(三)宜用who,而不用that的一些情况
⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。
①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.
⑵先行词是those时。
①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.
(四)其它情况
⑴先行词既有人又有物时。
①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.
⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时。
①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?
(五)与whose有关的问题
⑴whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。
①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.
②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.
⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时,亦可用ofwhich的形式。
①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
→Thebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或
→Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时,介词可以前提至关系代词前。
Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?
(which作介词with的宾语)
→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?
但是,要注意的是:
⑴介词前提后,先行词是人或物,关系代词分别只能用whom和which,而不再用that或who。
⑵介词前提后,关系代词不再能省略。
⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
1错误:
Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?
正确:
Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?
或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?
2错误:
Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.
Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
1Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?
2Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.
3Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.
4Heisoneofthestudentswhouseputeralotforstudy.
5Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.
例③中的all意为“一切”,作单数。
例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人,因此谓语动词也用单数。
that与which,who,whom的用法区别:
情况
用法说明
只用that的情况
1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。
2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6.句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时
1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
只用which,who,whom的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。
3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
二、语法知识拓展
(一)选择适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom或whose,把下列句子补充完整。
1.Riceisaplant________isgrowninthesouth.
2.Those________wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
3.All________glittersisnotgold.
4.Thisistheonlywayleadstoyoursuccess.
5.Boththegirlandherdogwerecrossingthestreetwerehitbyaingcar.
6.Thisisthebiggestbuilding________wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.
7.Thisisthesecondschool________Iusedtoworkat,andmanystudentstherestillhavecontactwithme.
8.Thereisamountain________topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
9.Youcantakeanyseat________isfree.
10.Couldyoutellmefrom_________youborrowedthisbook?
(二)用定语从句合并下列句子
1.Theladyisafilmstar.
Youtookaphotooftheladyyesterday.
___________________________________________________________________
2.What’stheaddressofthefactory?
Wenoticedtheadvertisementofthefactorytheotherday.
3.Thisisthestadium
HeoftengoestothestadiumonSundays.
_____________________________________________________________________
4.AprofessorisgoingtogiveusaspeechthisFridayafternoon.
Hehasbeenworkingonenvironmentalprotection.
5.Hehasn’tgotenoughmoney.
Hecanbuyalaptopwiththemoney.
(三)单项填空
1.Whoisthewomanissweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
2.ThedoctorisleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
3.Hetalkedaboutaheronoonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
4.HaveyoureadthebookIlenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
5.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.
A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
6.RecentlyIboughtasecond-handcarwasverylow.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhoseC.itspriceD.whoseprice
7.Lily,isHelen______youwanttointroducemeto?
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.thegirl
8.Theprofessorstalkedwithusaboutthebeautifulschoolsandtheexperiencedteachers______theyhadseen.
A.thatB.whoC.whichD.what
9.Thisistheonlybus______goestothevillageschool.
A./B.thatC.whereD.it
10.Isthereashoparound_______sellsChinaDaily?
A.whoB.whereC.inwhichD.which
11.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclass_______acceptedascandidateforthepresidentofourStudents’Union.
A.whowasB.whowere
C.whohasbeenD.whohavebeen
12.Sheisnolongerthesweetlittlegirl______sheusedtobe.
A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that
13.Isthissinger______songsyoulikebest?
A.who’sB.whoseC.whichDtheonewhose
14.Hegotangrywith_____wasagainsthisopinion.
A.whoB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
15.Anyone_____withwhatIsaidmayraiseyourhand.
A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree
16.That’sthedog______.
A.we’vebeenlookingafterB.afterwhichwe’vebeenlooking
C.whatwe’vebeenlookingafterD.we’vebeentakingcarefor
17.Thisisthelasttime______I’llgiveyoualesson.
A.whenB.thatC.whatD.as
18.Thefamily_____IstayedwithinParisareingtoLondon.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.whom
19.Thisistheveryknife______Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.
A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich
20.Chinahasmanyrivers,_____theYangtzeRiveristhelongest..
A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich
21.Theusetheyare______thewastehelpstosavealotofmoney.
A.madeofB.madefromC.makingupofD.makingof
22.Thattree,thebranches______arealmostbare,isaveryoldone.
A.whoseB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.ofit
23.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
24.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof______enoughmoneytobuythenewhouse?
A.gettingB.havinggotC.beinggotD.toget
25.Jackspentasmuchtimeashecould______overhislessons.
A.goingB.wentC.goD.togo
26.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature______waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.whenD.ofwhich
27.I