Bill Gates 哈弗毕业典礼中英对照Word格式文档下载.docx

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世界多么不平等想法改变

PresidentBok,formerPresidentRudenstine,incomingPresidentFaust,membersoftheHarvardCorporationandtheBoardofOverseers,membersofthefaculty,parents,andespecially,thegraduates:

I'

vebeenwaitingmorethan30yearstosaythis:

"

Dad,IalwaystoldyouI'

dcomebackandgetmydegree."

IwanttothankHarvardforthistimelyhonor.I'

llbechangingmyjobnextyear…anditwillbenicetofinallyhaveacollegedegreeonmyresume.

Iapplaudthegraduatestodayfortakingamuchmoredirectroutetoyourdegrees.Formypart,I'

mjusthappythattheCrimsonhascalledme"

Harvard'

smostsuccessfuldropout."

Iguessthatmakesmevaledictorianofmyownspecialclass…Ididthebestofeveryonewhofailed.

ButIalsowanttoberecognizedastheguywhogotSteveBallmertodropoutofbusinessschool.I'

mabadinfluence.That'

swhyIwasinvitedtospeakatyourgraduation.IfIhadspokenatyourorientation,fewerofyoumightbeheretoday.

Harvardwasjustaphenomenalexperienceforme.Academiclifewasfascinating.IusedtositinonlotsofclassesIhadn'

tevensignedupfor.Anddormlifewasterrific.IlivedupatRadcliffe,inCurrierHouse.Therewerealwayslotsofpeopleinmydormroomlateatnightdiscussingthings,becauseeveryoneknewIdidn'

tworryaboutgettingupinthemorning.That'

showIcametobetheleaderoftheanti-socialgroup.Weclungtoeachotherasawayofvalidatingourrejectionofallthosesocialpeople.

Radcliffewasagreatplacetolive.Thereweremorewomenupthere,andmostoftheguyswerescience-mathtypes.Thatcombinationofferedmethebestodds,ifyouknowwhatImean.ThisiswhereIlearnedthesadlessonthatimprovingyouroddsdoesn'

tguaranteesuccess.

OneofmybiggestmemoriesofHarvardcameinJanuary1975,whenImadeacallfromCurrierHousetoacompanyinAlbuquerquethathadbegunmakingtheworld'

sfirstpersonalcomputers.

Iofferedtosellthemsoftware.

IworriedthattheywouldrealizeIwasjustastudentinadormandhanguponme.Insteadtheysaid:

We'

renotquiteready,comeseeusinamonth,"

whichwasagoodthing,becausewehadn'

twrittenthesoftwareyet.Fromthatmoment,IworkeddayandnightonthislittleextracreditprojectthatmarkedtheendofmycollegeeducationandthebeginningofaremarkablejourneywithMicrosoft.

WhatIrememberaboveallaboutHarvardwasbeinginthemidstofsomuchenergyandintelligence.Itcouldbeexhilarating,intimidating,sometimesevendiscouraging,butalwayschallenging.Itwasanamazingprivilege–andthoughIleftearly,IwastransformedbymyyearsatHarvard,thefriendshipsImade,andtheideasIworkedon.

Buttakingaseriouslookback…Idohaveonebigregret.

IleftHarvardwithnorealawarenessoftheawfulinequitiesintheworld–theappallingdisparitiesofhealth,andwealth,andopportunitythatcondemnmillionsofpeopletolivesofdespair.

IlearnedalothereatHarvardaboutnewideasineconomicsandpolitics.Igotgreatexposuretotheadvancesbeingmadeinthesciences.

Buthumanity'

sgreatestadvancesarenotinitsdiscoveries–butinhowthosediscoveriesareappliedtoreduceinequity.Whetherthroughdemocracy,strongpubliceducation,qualityhealthcare,orbroadeconomicopportunity–reducinginequityisthehighesthumanachievement.

Ileftcampusknowinglittleaboutthemillionsofyoungpeoplecheatedoutofeducationalopportunitieshereinthiscountry.AndIknewnothingaboutthemillionsofpeoplelivinginunspeakablepovertyanddiseaseindevelopingcountries.

Ittookmedecadestofindout.

YougraduatescametoHarvardatadifferenttime.Youknowmoreabouttheworld'

sinequitiesthantheclassesthatcamebefore.Inyouryearshere,Ihopeyou'

vehadachancetothinkabouthow–inthisageofacceleratingtechnology–wecanfinallytakeontheseinequities,andwecansolvethem.

Imagine,justforthesakeofdiscussion,thatyouhadafewhoursaweekandafewdollarsamonthtodonatetoacause–andyouwantedtospendthattimeandmoneywhereitwouldhavethegreatestimpactinsavingandimprovinglives.Wherewouldyouspendit?

ForMelindaandforme,thechallengeisthesame:

howcanwedothemostgoodforthegreatestnumberwiththeresourceswehave.

Duringourdiscussionsonthisquestion,MelindaandIreadanarticleaboutthemillionsofchildrenwhoweredyingeveryyearinpoorcountriesfromdiseasesthatwehadlongagomadeharmlessinthiscountry.Measles,malaria,pneumonia,hepatitisB,yellowfever.OnediseaseIhadneverevenheardof,rotavirus,waskillinghalfamillionkidseachyear–noneofthemintheUnitedStates.

Wewereshocked.Wehadjustassumedthatifmillionsofchildrenweredyingandtheycouldbesaved,theworldwouldmakeitaprioritytodiscoveranddeliverthemedicinestosavethem.Butitdidnot.Forunderadollar,therewereinterventionsthatcouldsavelivesthatjustweren'

tbeingdelivered.

Ifyoubelievethateverylifehasequalvalue,it'

srevoltingtolearnthatsomelivesareseenasworthsavingandothersarenot.Wesaidtoourselves:

Thiscan'

tbetrue.Butifitistrue,itdeservestobethepriorityofourgiving."

Sowebeganourworkinthesamewayanyoneherewouldbeginit.Weasked:

Howcouldtheworldletthesechildrendie?

"

Theanswerissimple,andharsh.Themarketdidnotrewardsavingthelivesofthesechildren,

andgovernmentsdidnotsubsidizeit.Sothechildrendiedbecausetheirmothersandtheirfathershadnopowerinthemarketandnovoiceinthesystem.

ButyouandIhaveboth.

Wecanmakemarketforcesworkbetterforthepoorifwecandevelopamorecreativecapitalism–ifwecanstretchthereachofmarketforcessothatmorepeoplecanmakeaprofit,oratleastmakealiving,servingpeoplewhoaresufferingfromtheworstinequities.Wealsocanpressgovernmentsaroundtheworldtospendtaxpayermoneyinwaysthatbetterreflectthevaluesofthepeoplewhopaythetaxes.

Ifwecanfindapproachesthatmeettheneedsofthepoorinwaysthatgenerateprofitsforbusinessandvotesforpoliticians,wewillhavefoundasustainablewaytoreduceinequityintheworld.Thistaskisopen-ended.Itcanneverbefinished.Butaconsciousefforttoanswerthischallengewillchangetheworld.

Iamoptimisticthatwecandothis,butItalktoskepticswhoclaimthereisnohope.Theysay:

Inequityhasbeenwithussincethebeginning,andwillbewithustilltheend–becausepeoplejust…don'

t…care."

Icompletelydisagree.

Ibelievewehavemorecaringthanweknowwhattodowith.

AllofushereinthisYard,atonetimeoranother,haveseenhumantragediesthatbrokeourhearts,andyetwedidnothing–notbecausewedidn'

tcare,butbecausewedidn'

tknowwhattodo.Ifwehadknownhowtohelp,wewouldhaveacted.

Thebarriertochangeisnottoolittlecaring;

itistoomuchcomplexity.

Toturncaringintoaction,weneedtoseeaproblem,seeasolution,andseetheimpact.Butcomplexityblocksallthreesteps.

EvenwiththeadventoftheInternetand24-hournews,itisstillacomplexenterprisetogetpeopletotrulyseetheproblems.Whenanairplanecrashes,officialsimmediatelycallapressconference.Theypromisetoinvestigate,determinethecause,andpreventsimilarcrashesinthefuture.

Butiftheofficialswerebrutallyhonest,theywouldsay:

Ofallthepeopleintheworldwhodiedtodayfrompreventablecauses,onehalfofonepercentofthemwereonthisplane.We'

redeterminedtodoeverythingpossibletosolvetheproblemthattookthelivesoftheonehalfofonepercent."

Thebiggerproblemisnottheplanecrash,butthemillionsofpreventabledeaths.

Wedon'

treadmuchaboutthesedeaths.Themediacoverswhat'

snew–andmillionsofpeopledyingisnothingnew.Soitstaysinthebackground,whereit'

seasiertoignore.Butevenwhenwedoseeitorreadaboutit,it'

sdifficulttokeepoureyesontheproblem.It'

shardtolookatsufferingifthesituationissocomplexthatwedon'

tknowhowtohelp.Andsowelookaway.

Ifwecanreallyseeaproblem,whichisthefirststep,wecometothesecondstep:

cuttingthroughthecomplexitytofindasolution.

Findingsolutionsisessentialifwewanttomakethemostofourcaring.Ifwehaveclearandprovenanswersanytimeanorganizationorindividualasks"

HowcanIhelp?

"

thenwecangetaction–andwecanmakesurethatnoneofthecaringintheworldiswasted.Butcomplexitymakesithardtomarkapathofactionforeveryonewhocares—andthatmakesithardfortheircaringtomatter.

Cuttingthroughcomplexitytofindasolutionrunsthroughfourpredictablestages:

determineagoal,findthehighest-leverageapproach,discovertheidealtechnologyforthatapproach,andinthemeantime,makethesmartestapplicationofthetechnologythatyoualreadyhave—whetherit'

ssomethingsophisticated,likeadrug,orsomethingsimpler,likeabednet.

TheAIDSepidemicoffersanexample.Thebroadgoal,ofcourse,istoendthedisease.Thehighest-leverageapproachisprevention.Theidealtechnologywouldbeavaccinethatgiveslifetimeimmunitywithasingledose.Sogovernments,drugcompanies,andfoundationsfundvaccineresearch.Buttheirworkislikelytotakemorethanadecade,sointhemeantime,wehavetoworkwithwhatwehaveinhand–andthebestpreventionapproachwehavenowisgettingpeopletoavoidriskybehavior.

Pursuingthatgoalstartsthefour-stepcycleagain.Thisisthepattern.Thecrucialthingistoneverstopthinkingandworking–andneverd