专八文学类复习Word格式.docx
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WilliamDunlap-->
apioneeroftheAmericantheater
PhillisWheatley惠特利是第一位出版诗集的黑人女诗人,被华盛顿赞誉具有“了不起的诗才”
具有浓烈的政治论辩风格;
Deism(自然神论):
上帝唯一膜拜,人能靠自己取得进步,教育和科学重要
浪漫主义时期
TheLiteratureofRomanticism
WashingtonIrving-->
FatherofAmericanLiterature;
TheSketchBook(见闻札记)meansthe
beginningofTheLiteratureofRomanticisminAmerica;
JamesFenimoreCooper-->
created“FrontierSaga”and“SeaAdventureTale”;
FrontierSaga:
LeatherstockingTales《皮袜子故事集》:
ThePioneers,TheLastoftheMohicans《最后
的莫西干人》,ThePathfinder《探路人》,TheDeerslayer《杀鹿人》,ThePrairie《大草原》.
SeaAdventureTale:
ThePilot《领航者》
WaltWhitman-->
LeavesofGrass《草叶集》:
AmericanFirstGenuineEpicPoem是浪漫主义时期文
学的压卷之作;
OCaptain!
MyCaptain!
WilliamCullenBryant-->
thefirstAmericantogainthestatureofamajorpoet
Calledthe“WordsworthofAmerica”(美国的华兹华斯);
thefounderofthe
19thcenturyAmericanromanticpoetry.
EdgarAllanPoe-->
侦探小说的鼻祖;
代表作:
TheFalloftheHouseofUsher,TheRaven,ToHelen
RalphWaldoEmerson-->
LeaderoftheTranscendentalismMovement;
Nature(DeclarationofTranscendentalism),TheAmericanScholar
(IntellectualDeclarationofIndependence),TheDivinitySchoolAddress,
RepresentativeMen,Self-Reliance
HenryDavidThoreau(梭罗)--->
Walden,CivilDisobedience
HermanMelville-->
MobyDick《白鲸》
HenryWadsworthLongfellow(朗费罗):
在Poet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey安放了他的半身像,
是美国为以后此殊荣的诗人。
APsalmofLife《生命颂》,Evangeline《伊凡吉林》,TheSong
ofHiawatha《海华沙之歌》,TheSlave’sDream《奴隶的梦》,
MyLostYouth《逝去的青春》
EmilyDickinson-->
抒情诗人,古怪、简洁。
I’mNobody,.WhoAreYou?
是美国文学的繁荣时期,也被称为“美国的文艺复兴”;
强调个人主义
Transcendentalism(超验主义):
挑战传统的理性主义和怀疑哲学,不讲究逻辑,不讲究系统
FreeVerse(自由诗体):
结构自由,段数、行数、字数没有限制;
WaltWhitman惠特曼为创始人“majorprecursor”
现实主义文学
TheLiteratureof
Realism
HarrietBeecherStower斯托夫人:
thelittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatmadethisgreatwar
UncleTom’sCabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》南北战争导火线之一
MarkTwain-->
TheFatherofAmericanLiterature乡土文学的代表
TheAdventuresofTomeSawyer《汤姆·
索亚历险记》ThePrinceandthePauper
TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利·
费恩历险记》AllmodernAmerican
literaturecomesfromthisbook.
HenryJames-->
PsychologicalRealism;
thefirstAmericanwritertouse“InternationalThemes”
DaisyMiller《黛西·
米勒》
O.Henry-->
FatherofModernAmericanShortStory;
“O.Henry’stwist”;
TheGiftoftheMagi《麦琪的礼物》
FrankNorris-->
Naturalism.TheOctopus《章鱼》
JackLondon-->
Naturalism.TheCalloftheWild《野性的呼唤》
TheodoreDreiser-->
Naturalism.SisterCarrie《嘉莉妹妹》
TrilogyofDesire(欲望三部曲):
TheFinancier《金融家》,TheTitan《巨人》,TheStoic《斯多葛》
StephenCrane-->
Naturalism.ThomasChatterton美国文学中的查特顿
TheRedBadgeofCourage《红色英勇勋章》:
alandmarkinAmericanliteratureof
naturalism.
南北战争是美国文学从浪漫主义走向现实主义的起点,与英国维多利亚时期相呼应。
Naturalism(自然主义):
排斥浪漫主义的想象夸张和轻视现实主义的典型概括;
追求绝对客观,
描摹自然,对现实作记录式描写;
悲观论者。
现代主义文学
TheLiterature
of
Modernism
EzraPound-->
FatherofModernAmericanPoetry;
themainpowerof“Imagism”;
DrawsrichnutritionfromChineseclassicalpoems;
InaStationofMetro,TheCantos《诗章》,AVirginal,APact,SalutationtheSecond
RobertFrost-->
四次获得PulitzerPrize;
TheRoadNotTaken,IceandFire,StoppingbytheWoodonaSnowyEvening
WallaceStevens-->
“order”;
AnecdoteoftheJar
ErnestHemingway-->
DeathintheAfternoon(ThePrincipleoftheIceberg),TheOldManandthe
Sea,TheSunAlsoRises(LostGeneration),AFarewelltoArms,ForWhomtheBellTolls
WilliamFaulkner-->
TheSoundandtheFury
SinclairLewis-->
TheNobelPrizeinLiterature,thefirstAmericanwritertowinthisprize.
EdwardEstlinCummings-->
thepioneerofConcretePoetry(具象诗),createdalotofVisualPoetry
(视觉诗歌);
TulipsandChimneys《郁金香与烟囱》
PearlS.Buck-->
TheNobelPrizeinLiterature;
thefirstwomanwritertowinthisprizeinAmerican
history.TheGoodEarth《大地》
从根本上否定事件、思维发展的连贯性和因果关系。
美国文学的第二次文艺复兴。
Modernism(现代主义):
oppositetoconventionalmorality,taste,tradition,andeconomicvalue.
Imagism(意象派):
theuseofconcretelanguageandfiguresofspeech;
avoidromanticormystical
themes.
TheLostGeneration(迷惘的一代)
1945年以来的美国文学
AmericanLiteratureSince1945
JackKerouac-->
cameupwiththeidealof“TheBeatGeneration”;
OntheRoad
AllenGinsberg-->
arepresentativeof“TheBeatGeneration”;
Howl《嚎叫》
JeromeDavidSalinger-->
TheCatcherintheRye《麦田
里的守望着》
WilliamBurroughs-->
NakedLunch《裸体午餐》
VladimirNabokov-->
现代主义运动欧洲早期阶段与美国后现代文学的“连接点”;
Lolita《洛丽塔》
JosephHeller-->
arepresentativeof“BlackHumor”;
Catch-22《第22条军规》
KurtVonnegut-->
MotherNight,PlayerPiano,TheSirensofTitan
《泰坦族的海妖》,Slaughter-houseFive《五号屠场》
ThomasPynchon-->
Gravity’sRainbow《万有引力之虹》
FlanneryO’Connor-->
aoutstandingwomanwriterinSouthernAmerica.WiseBlood《慧血》
LongstonHughes-->
PoetLaureateofHarlem哈雷姆的桂冠诗人
ArthurMiller-->
戏剧代表人物;
“美国的易普生”
DeathofaSalesman《推销员之死》,AllMySons《都是我的儿子》
TheBeatGeneration(垮掉的一代):
TheywereinfluencedbyEasternphilosophyandreligionandknownespeciallyfortheiruseofnontraditionalformsandtheirrejectionofconventionalsocialvalues.
BlackHumor:
toexpresstheabsurdity,insensitivity,paradox,andcrueltyofthemodernworld.
英国
中古英国文学
TheMedievalLiterature
Beowulf《贝奥武甫》:
英国文学的开山之作,也是英国古英语诗歌的开始;
用头韵体(alliteration)创作的民族史诗(nationalepic);
Bede-->
FatherofHistoriography英国史学之父;
HistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorum《英吉利人教会史》
KingAlfred-->
FatherofEnglishProse;
Anglo-SaxonChronicle《编年史》
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》:
kingArthurandhisroundtableknights
GroffreyChaucer-->
英国民族文学的奠基者;
FatherofEnglishPoetry;
thewhole14thcenturywasregardedas“AgeofChaucer”
TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》:
useOctosyllabicHeroicCouplet
SirThomasMalory-->
LeMorted’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod:
Epicpagan:
Beowulf《贝奥武甫》是其代表作
Christian:
Caedmon&
Cynewulf著名的基督教诗人
OldEnglish古英语
Anglo-NormanPeriod:
Romance(骑士传奇):
骑士的冒险生活和经历,深受上层社会钟爱。
Ballad(民谣)
文艺复兴时期TheRenaissancePeriod
ThomasMore-->
Utopia《乌托邦》
PhilipSidney-->
Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》:
thefirstRomancetodescribecountrysidelife;
regardedas
“ForerunneroftheModernNovel”现代长篇小说的先驱
EdmundSpenser-->
Poet’sPoet;
createdSpenserianStanza;
TheFaerieQueene《仙后》:
includesNationalism,Humanism,Puritanism
FrancisBacon-->
oneofthecreatorsofModernScience&
Materialism;
TheFirstEnglishEssayist;
Essays《随笔》
Hamlet《哈姆雷特》
WilliamShakespeare-->
FourGreatTragediesKingLear《李尔王》
Othello《奥赛罗》
Macbeth《麦克白》
BenJonson-->
founderofComedyofManners(风俗喜剧);
famousforSatiricalComedy(讽刺喜剧)
EveryManinHisHumor《人性互异》
将人文主义(Humanism)作为核心思想;
SpenserianStanza(斯宾塞诗体):
createdbyEdmundSpenserandusedinhisTheFaerieQueene
BlankVerse(无韵诗):
ChristopherMarloweletitbecomethemainformindramaandnarrativepoems.
Sonnet:
最初流行于意大利。
ThomasWyattintroduceditintoEnglishliterature.
17世纪英国文学
The17thLiterature
作家
和
JohnDonne-->
originatorof“MetaphysicalPoems”
GeorgeHerbert-->
SaintoftheMetaphysicalschool玄学派诗圣;
TheTemple《神殿》
AndrewMarwell-->
arepresentativeofMetaphysicalschool;
ToHisCoyMistress《致他的娇羞女友》
JohnMilton-->
Puritanismpoet;
ParadiseLost《失乐园》:
useBlankVerse,Metaphor,Pun,Irony,Allusion,Quotation.
JohnBunyan-->
ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》
JohnDryden-->
FatherofEnglishCriticism英国批评家之父;
AnEssayofDramaticPoesy
带有浓厚的清教主义(Puritanism)倾向
Allegory(寓言):
anextendedmetaphor,containingliteralmeaningandfigurativemeaning;
Representativework:
ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》byJohnBunyan
18世纪英国文学
The18thCenturyLiterature
AlexanderPope-->
animportantrepresentativeofNeo-classicismPoetry;
theGreatestPoetinEurope.
AnEssayonCriticism《论批评》
SamuelJohnson-->
anrepresentativeofNeo-classicismPoetry
DanielDefoe-->
英国现实小说奠基人之一;
RobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》
HenryFielding-->
FatheroftheEnglishNovel;
TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling《汤姆·
琼斯》
LawrenceSterne-->
aoutstandingrepresentativeofSentimentalism.
TheLifeandOpinionsofTristramShandy《项狄传》:
aforerunneroftheStreamofConsciousness.
TheEnlightenment(启蒙运动):
aprogressiveintellectualmovement;
anexpressionofstruggleofthe
bourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.Itadvocated“Liberty,Equality,Democracy”
Neo-classicism(新古典主义):
makeEnglishliteratureconformtorulesandprinciplesoftheRoman
andGreekClassicalworks.
Sentimentalism(伤感主义):
freeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions
TheRomanticPeriod
WilliamWordsworth-->
arepresentativeofLakePoets;
PoetLaureate桂冠诗人
LyricalBallads《抒情歌瑶集》:
amilestoneinEnglishliterature,espinpoetry.
SamuelTaylorColeridge-->
TheFalloftheBastille《巴士底狱的倒塌》
RobertSouthey-->
JoanofArc《