预算改革预算管理质量外文文献Word格式.docx

预算改革预算管理质量外文文献Word格式.docx

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Francis,Iyoha

出版物名称:

JournalofAccountingandAuditing

卷:

2014

页:

1-15

页数:

15

出版年份:

出版商:

IBIMAPublishingLLC

出版物国家/地区:

UnitedStates

ProQuest文档ID:

1644455313

文档

URL:

http:

//ezproxy.scu.edu.au/login?

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版权©

2015ProQuestLLC。

保留所有权利。

-条款与条件

TheImpactofBudgetReformsontheQualityofBudgetManagementinNigeria

Abstract

BudgetmanagementreformswerethemajorareasoftheNigerianpublicservicereformsundertakenfromtheinceptionofcivilianadministrationin1999.Themajorobjectivewastoenhancebudgetdisciplineamongothers.Thiswaspredicatedonthetheoreticalconsiderationsthatimprovingtheprocessandmanagementofbudgetingthroughreformswouldbeultimatelytranslatedintoimprovedbudgetaryoutcome.ThispaperempiricallyinvestigatedtheimpactofbudgetreformsonthequalityofbudgetmanagementinNigeria.TheMediumTermExpenditureFramework（MTEF）andtheFiscalResponsibilityAct（FRA）formtheproxiesforbudgetreforms,whilebudgetdiscipline（BDISC）andfiscaldiscipline（FDISC）wereusedasproxiesforthequalityofbudgeting.Historicaltimeseriesdatarepresenting7yearsbeforeand7yearsaftertheadoptionofMTEF,and5yearsbeforeand5yearsaftertheenactmentofFRAwerecollectedandanalysedusingthepre-test/post-testdesignofaPairedSampleT-test.Theresultfavouredourinitialpropositionthatbudgetreforms（MTEFandFRA）hadnotsignificantlyimpactedonthequalityofbudgetmanagement（BDISCandFDISC）inNigeria.Itwas,therefore,recommendedthatthegovernmentshouldprovidetheleadershipandpoliticalwill,notonlytoenforcetheprovisionsofFRA,MTEFandotherreforms,buttosanctionthosethatshortcircuitthesystemtotheiradvantage.Thiswillgoalongwaytoenhancecompliancewiththereforms,andbringabouttheexpectedimprovementinthequalityofthenation'

sbudgetmanagement.

Keywords:

Budget,Reforms,Quality,Management

Introduction

Therelevanceofabudgetinanyeconomycannotbeoveremphasized.Thebudgetdoesnotonlyfunctionasamechanismforresourcemobilisationandallocation,italsoservesasatoolforeconomicmanagement（Olomola,2009andGovernmentIntegratedFinancialManagementInformationSystem（GIFMIS）,2011）.Thisisbecausethebudgetdocumentsetsthedirectionfortheentireeconomy,determineswhogetswhatandwhen,aswellasprovidesfundstoimplementnewinitiatives/policiesthroughlegal,rationalandacceptablemeans（Bengali,2004）.Infact,itwillbeverydifficultifnotimpossibleforthegovernmentinanymoderneconomytorealisehervisioninanyfiscalyearwithouttheinstrumentalityofbudgeting（Olomola,2009）.Thisiswhy,thedevelopmentofanation'

sbudgetisconsideredtobethegovernment'

ssinglemostimportantactivityinanygivenyear（GovernmentFinanceOfficersAssociation（GFOA）,1999;

NationalDemocraticInstitute（NDI）,2003）.

However,forabudgettofunctionasaninstrumentoffiscalcummacroeconomicengineering,boththebudgetprocessandbudgetmanagementmustbesound.Bysoundbudgeting,wemeanawell-plannedandimplementedpublicspendingstrategythatpromotestechnicalefficiency,allocativeefficiencyandequity（Lucien,2002）.Itisthebudgetprocessthatischaracterisedbyfiscaldisciplineandefficienciesinbothoperationalandallocativedimensions（Olomola,2006,Olomola,2009）.ThelackofthesebasicingredientsofsoundbudgetinginmostAfricancountries,includingNigeria,hasjustifiedthedescriptionoftheirbudgetaryperformancesasdisappointing,andunderscorestheneedforreformsinpublicfinancialmanagementingeneralandbudgetmanagementinparticular（Lienert&

Sarraf,2001）.

InNigeria,budgetmanagementreformswerethemajorareasofthepublicservicereformsundertakenfromtheinceptionofcivilianadministrationin1999.Prominentamongthesereformswere:

theMediumTermExpenditureFramework（MTEF）introducedin2005,andtheFiscalResponsibilityAct（FRA）passedintothelawin2007.Theobjectivesofthesereformsweretoimproveresourcemanagementbycurtailingwastefulspending,andtoensurebudgetdisciplineamongothers（GovernmentIntegratedFinancialManagementInformationSystem,2011）.Afterseven（7）yearsoftheadoptionofMTEFandfive（5）yearsoftheenactmentofFRA,therealisationofthereforms'

objectivesdoesnotseemtobeevident.

Itisagainstthisbackdropthatthisstudywasconceptualised.TheobjectiveistoempiricallyinvestigatetheimpactofMTEFandFRAonthequalityofbudgetmanagementinNigeria.Therestofthepaperisorganisedintofoursectionsnamely:

literaturereviewandtheoreticalframework,thestudymethodology,dataanalysisandconclusion.

LiteratureReviewandTheoreticalFramework

TheBudgetaryReformsinNigeria

Oneofthemajorconcernsofthegovernmentfromtheinceptionofthedemocraticcivilianadministrationin1999wastherateofextrabudgetaryspending,andblatantdisregardtobudgetruleperpetratedbyprevious（military）administrations（Ben-Caleb&

Agbude,2013）.Specifically,duringthemilitaryregimes,thebudgetprocesswassaidtobethrownintodisarraywithmajordefectswhichprecludedthebudgetfromperformingitsroleeffectivelyasatoolforeconomictransformation,ratherpressurisedthenationintoeconomicinstability（Obasanjo,1999）.Expectedly,anumberofreformswereembarkeduponaimedatrevampingtheprocesses,programmesandpoliciesconsideredailing,inordertobringtheeconomyontractwiththenewdemocraticagendaandtodeliveringvaluetothepeople.Thepublicsectoringeneralandthepublicbudgetprocessinparticularwereamongtheareasforwhichreformswereexigent.

Consequently,anumberofbudgetrelatedreformswereintroducedintotheNigeriabudgetprocess.Theseinclude;

Oil-Pricebasedonfiscalrule,theMediumTermExpenditureFramework（MTEF）2005,andtheFiscalResponsibilityAct2007amongothers（Garba,2011）.Thereformscentredonfivemajoraspectsnamely;

administrativeprocedures,budgetpreparation,managementofgovernmentspending,budgetimplementation,aswellasbudgetmonitoringandevaluation.Theywereintendedtoachievethefollowingobjectivesamongothers;

reducethecostofgovernance,improvethemanagementofresourcesbycurtailingextravagances,increasingthelevelofproductivityandefficiency,aswellasensurebudgetdiscipline（i.e.adherencetolimits）（Olomola,2009;

GIFMIS,2011）

Specifically,theMediumTermExpenditureFramework（MTEF）wasintroducedintotheNigerianbudgetaryprocessin2005;

althoughit'

slegalbackingcameviatheFiscalResponsibilityActin2007.AccordingtoPascua（2005）,MTEFentailsannualbudgetingsysteminwhichbudgetdecisionsrelatingtonewprogramsandprojectsaremadeateverybudgetpreparationsessionbasedonthree-yearfiscalscenarios,toensurethatprojectsfinancedforthenextthreeyearswillbeapprovedundertheannualsystemandwillbeconsistentwiththebaselinebudgetingapproach.Itsemphasisisonamulti-year（threeyears）budgetpackaging.ThespecificobjectivesfortheadoptionofMTEFinNigeriaweretoimprovetheallocationofresourcestostrategicprioritiesamongandwithinsectors,aswellasprovideMDAswithahardbudgetconstraintamongothers（Olomola,2009;

StatePartnershipforAccountability,ResponsivenessandCapability（SPARC）,2009）.

Similarly,theFiscalResponsibilityAct（FRA）wassignedintothelawbyPresidentMusaYar'

Aduain2007.Itwasmeanttoensureprudentmanagementofnationalresources,amandateconsistentwithsection16ofthe1999constitution,amongothers.Besides,theFRAwassettopromotegreateraccountabilityandtransparencyinfiscaloperationsandprocesseswithinthemediumtermfiscalpolicyframework（Omolehinwa&

Naiyeju,2011）.Insummary,theenactmentofFRAformedthelegalbasisfortheMTEF,andgaveimpetustootherbudgetreformsaswell.

TheRelationshipbetweenBudgetReformsandBudgetManagement

Budgetreformsinvolvemakingchangestothewaysandmannerinwhichthebudgetisformulated,implementedandevaluatedforthepurposeoffacilitatingeffectiveness,efficiencyandeconomy（Allen1998citedinworldBank2001）.Itisaboutrestructuringtheprocessand/ormanagementofanation'

sbudgetingsysteminordertoimproveitsfeasibilityasafiscalpolicyvehicle.Byimplication,therefore,budgetreformsmusthavedirectimpactonthequalityofbudgetmanagement,otherwiseitwouldbeunnecessary.

Supportably,thefiveplanksofthereformsmentionedearlierinthispaper（i.e.administrative,preparation,management,implementationandmonitoring/evaluation）resonatedwithboth,thefourphasesofthebudgetcycle（formulation,enactment,executionandevaluation）,andthefivemajorelementsofbudgetmanagement（efficiency,effectiveness,discipline,transparencyandaccountability）.Itisthisinterconnectednessthatformsthefulcrumoftheconceptualandtheoreticalunderpinningofthisstudyasdepictedinfigure1.

Figure1demonstratesarelationshipamongthethreebudgets'

constructs（Reforms,processandmanagement）.Thethickarrowsrepresentdirectrelationshipsorfeedforwards,whilethethinarrowsrepresentfeed-backs.Theimplicationexemplifiedinthemodelisthatbudgetreformsinstigatechangesintheprocess,aswellasthemanagementofthebudgetinordertoimproveitsworkabilityasaneconomicmanagementtool.Itisalsoinconformitywiththetheoreticalpostulatesbyinstitutionaleconomiststhatinstitutionalreformsareanecessarycondi