技能 2词句猜测题重点练备战高考英语阅读理解专项突破练习版Word下载.docx
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of
the
following
has
closest
meaning
to“…."
?
can
replace
word“…."
What
does
underlined
word/phrase/expression“.…”refer
to/mean?
Who
does“."
refer
to
in
text?
典例剖析
规律技巧1：
根据上下文逻辑猜测。
要特别注意需猜测词义的词句前后出现的表示因果、转折、对比或递进
等逻辑关系的词语。
[真题典例1]（2021·
新高考IC篇节选）
When
theexplorers
first
set
foot
upon
continent
NorthAmerica,the
skies
and
lands
were
alive
withan
astonishing
variety
wildlife.Native
Americans
hadtaken
care
these
precious
natural
resources
wisely.
Unfortunately,it
took
explorers
settlers
whofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（栖息地）.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate"
meaninthefirstparagraph?
选项出处
A.Acquire.原文未提
B.Export.原文未提
C.Destroy.一段②③句
D.Distribute.原文未提
[路径一]从问（题干）的角度解答—一如何得出正解
第1步：
题干的关键信息为decimate和thefirstparagraph。
根据理解原文的三大方法，我们回到原文一段③句。
该句提到，不幸的是，探险者和随后而来的殖民者仅用了几十年时间，就将这些资源中的一大部分 decimate.。
由本句尚无法得知decimate一词的意思，但由句首的Unfortunately（不幸的是）一词可知，本句与上句之间应为转折关系，故需联系上文。
第2步：
一段②句指出，美洲原住民妥善地保护着这些珍贵的自然资源。
由于③句与②句应形成转折，因此，③句中的decimate的释义应与②句中的hadtakencareof（保护）的释义相反。
备选项中Destroy（破坏）代人后符合语意，且能够与②句中的hadtakencareof形成对照。
C项是对原文的合理推断，同时可排除A、B、D三项。
第3步：
已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。
规律技巧2：
根据上下文线索，如打比方、举例子、作比较、下定义等猜测。
[真题典例2]（2021·
3月天津C篇节选）
Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.
43.Theunderlinedpart“leavingbehindthelayer"
inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas____.选项出处
A.lettinggoofthepast八段末句
B.lookingforanewjob八段⑥句
C.gettingridofabadhabit原文未提
D.givingupanopportunity原文未提
[路径一]从问（题干）的角度解答——如何得出正解
题干的关键信息为leavingbehindthelayer和Paragraph8。
根据理解原文的三大方法，我们可以定位到第八段第2句。
该句提到，当作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，看到他离开了不再为他服务的那层（球衣），就像我们的蜥蜴一样。
据此可初步得知作者用蜥蜴蜕皮来比喻乔丹退役，但还无法完全确认答案。
浏览上下文，尤其是首尾句可知此处应是作者看到乔丹放下过去，A项符合语境。
规律技巧3：
根据语境判断代词（this,that,it,they,one,which等）或助动词（do,does,did等）的指代对象。
仔细分析指代词上下文（就近原则），找最近的名词、短语或句子，以之替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑是否通顺，再比对选项确定最佳答案。
[真题典例3]（2020·
Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.
Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:
LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:
Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"
inparagraph2referto?
A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.一段②句
B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.原文未提
C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.一段①句
D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.一段③句
题干的关键信息为that和Paragraph2。
根据理解原文的三大方法，我们可以定位到第2段。
根据画线词所在句无法得知that的指代对象。
根据就近原则，that通常指代上文的事物或现象。
浏览上文，根据第一段③句可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。
所以画线词that指代上文中提到的“写文章”这件事，故选D项。
[路径二]从答（选项）的角度解答—如何反向印证，排除干扰项
A答案：
第l步：
根据本项关键词mentaldisease可定位到第一段②句：
TomBissell因为身体状况令人堪忧和神志不清不得不离开（乌兹别克斯坦）。
画线词上下文提到：
这一次的造访可不只是……那A么简单，他做的其实更多。
因为ChasingtheSea:
LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia这本书讲述的是他从塔什干到卡拉帕尔克斯坦的公路旅行……这与“发展成严重的精神疾病”逻辑不通，故排除。
略
B答案
本项讲述内容无法在原文中获取定位，且原文并未提及TomBissell在中亚做导游，故排除。
C答案
根据本项关键词volunteer可定位到第一段①句：
提到TomBissell作为志愿者在乌兹别克斯坦教英语。
此时无法确定that是指代“做志愿者”。
联系下文，七个月后离开了，出于对C这个国家的兴趣，几年后Tom回到了这里，打算写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章，所以判断此次造访的收获与“做志愿者”相去甚远，故排除。
D答案
根据本项关键词writeanarticle可定位到第一段③句：
提到Tom第二次来到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是要写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。
第2、3步：
联系下文以及本文主旨可知，实际上Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦远不止写一篇文章，他写了一本书叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻，并对这本书进行了简要介绍，所以画线词that指代上文提到的“写文章”，故选D项
限时训练应用体验
Passage1（2021·
全国·
高考真题）
IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'
tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.
I'
vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'
tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.
Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'
dgetuptomischief.We'
dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'
dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.
Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.
WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'
tthere.
mnotsadaboutit.I'
mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.
1．Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?
A．Toensuretheirsurvival.B．Toobservetheirdifferences.
C．Toteachthemlifeskills.D．Toletthemplaywithhiskids.
2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?
A．Behavebadly.B．Losetheirway.C．Sleepsoundly.D．Misstheirmom.
3．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?
A．Boring.B．Tiring.C．Costly.D．Risky.
4．WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?
A．Theyfrightenedthechildren.B．Theybecamedifficulttocontain.
C．Theyannoyedtheneighbours.D．Theystartedfightingeachother.
Passage2（2021·
北京·
Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:
Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury”.
Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.
Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'
smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.
Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn'
tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.
“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,
Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）
Intheincurableformofhope.
Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（执着）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let'
slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”
5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?
A．Scientific.B．Credible.
C．Original.D．Relevant.
6．Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.
A．worriedB．puzzled
C．surprisedD．scared
7．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?
A．Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.
B．Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.
C．Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.
D．Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.
Passa
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