Discussion on development of civil society nonprofit organization fostering the meaning ofWord文档格式.docx

Discussion on development of civil society nonprofit organization fostering the meaning ofWord文档格式.docx

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Discussionondevelopmentofcivilsocietynonprofitorganizationfosteringthemeaningof@#@Discussionondevelopmentofcivilsocietynon-profitorganizationfosteringthemeaningof@#@PaperKeywords:

@#@civilsocietynon-profitorganizationSignificanceAbstract:

@#@China’sspecificsocialandhistoricalandculturalenvironmentinwhichourcitizenslackofautonomyandsenseofparticipation,weakcivilsociety.Thenon-profitorganizationsasautonomoussocialorganization,themainbodyofcivilsocietyandthecorestructuralelements,inthecivilsocietydevelopmentandplayanimportantroleinimproving,itsacertainscaleandlevelofindependencemarksthematurityofcivilsociety.1,civilsocietyandnon-profitorganizations‘Civilsociety’（CivilSociety）isthesceneofanambiguousword,theearliestdatingbacktoAristotle’s‘politicalscience’inthe‘city’.Sincethen,intheWestdifferentperiodsofhistoryithasbeengivenadifferentmeaningoftheallegations.CicerofromtheancienttothemodernLocke,Montesquieu,Hegel,MarxandthentocontemporaryGramsci,Habermasandsoonfromdifferentperspectivesandareaswithitsconnotations.Thereisnodoubtthatcitizensandcivilsocietyissues,philosophy,politicalscience,sociology,lawandmanyotherdisciplines,interwovenpointsandacommon‘problemdomain’.Ibelievethattheacademicresearchonthedefinitionofcivilsociety,summedupintwocategories:

@#@‘aclassbasedonthedichotomybetweenstateandsocietyonthebasis,meaningthatindependentoftheStatebutsubjecttolegalprotectionofareasofsociallifeandtheassociatedarangeofsocialvaluesandprinciples;@#@andthosebasedonthecountry-theeconomy-thebasisofcivilsocietytrichotomymeansbetweentheStateandthefamilyorasocialinteractionbetweenindividualsandrelatedfieldsvaluesorprinciples.‘Civilsocietyisamodernhumansociety,apartof,ithasrelativetothecountry’sautonomy,itsthreemainelements:

@#@

（1）asetofeconomic,religious,intellectual,political,autonomousagencies,thereareDothefamily,clan,regionorcountryaspartofthecommunity;@#@

（2）ofthispartofthecommunityinitsownandthereisaspecificsetofrelationsbetweencountries,aswellasauniquesetofinstitutionsorsystemtobeimplementedtoprotecttheseparationofstateandcivilsocietyandtomaintainaneffectivelinkbetweenthetwo.（3）Thewidespreadcivilizationorcitizensofthebehaviorpatterns（refineorcivilmanner）.Amongthese,the‘independentbody’isthephysicalformofcivilsociety,whilethe‘system,communicationandbehavioralpatternsofcitizens’constitutesaformofcivilsocietyinthespirit.Intheseautonomousinstitutions,mainlybyvoluntarymeanstheformationofnon-profitorganizationhasbecomethemostimportantpartofcivilsociety.Anon-profitorganizationisanon-profitpurposesandhasaformalorganizationalforms,haveacertainautonomy,voluntary,publicwelfare,ormutualbenefit,non-governmentsystemsofsocialorganization.Hastwolevelsandfourtypes.Thefirstlevelisthefoundationofcivilsocietyorganizations,whichincludethetwomostcommonorganizations:

@#@thefirstcategory,grass-rootsorganizationsandtheirnetworks.Namely,localdevelopmentorganizations（LDA,suchastheCommissiononbehalfoftheentirecommunityorneighborhoodorganizations）andinterestgroups（IA,aspartofthecommunitygroupsonbehalfofwomen’sgroupsorirrigationorganizations）.Inadditiontotheseorganizationsitself,grass-rootsorganizationshaveformedtheirownnetwork:

@#@Thefirstistheumbrellanetwork.Thisisamoreformalformofgrass-rootsorganizationsthroughmutualexchangesandcontactsbetweentheformalformation;@#@secondinformaleconomicnetworks,throughtheformationofeconomiccooperationtoestablishtherelationshipbetweenmaterialinterests,informal,casualcontact;@#@Thethirdwastoencouragepeopletocareaboutanissueandtheformationofcivilsocietymovements.Thesecondtypeisgrass-rootssupportorganizationsandtheirnetworks.Theriseofgrass-rootssupportorganizationinthelate20thcentury,60.Emergedduringthisperiodalargenumberofnon-governmentalandnon-profitorganizations,governmentofficialsandvolunteerorganizationstoprovidefundsindevelopedcountries.Inthiscontext,therehavebeenmany,manyconcernedwithdevelopment,environment,women’sstatusandthecapitalofthegrass-rootssupportorganizations,manyorganizationsthatarestillplayinganimportantrole.Currently,thereareatleast50000veryactivegrass-rootssupportorganizations.Likewiththefirsttype,theyalsohavetheirownformalandinformalnetworks.Isanon-profitorganizationsformorethantwokindsofgrass-rootslevel,organizationalformsandnetworks,constitutethebasisfortheroleofnon-profitorganizations,butalsoachievedverygoodresults.Thesecondnon-profitorganizationsofcivilsocietyintheupperlevelsoftheorganization.Theyaremainlyengagedinrelativelymore‘political’activitiesandtoprovidevalue-basedorganizations,supportandinformationservices,andthusthecoresectorsofnon-profitorganization.Thefirstcategoryisthenational-levelorganizationsandtheirnetworks.Thistypeoforganizationmainlyengagedinpublicityandpromotionofavaluesofactivities,scopeofactivitiesthroughoutthecountry.Thesecondtypeistheinternationallevelorganizations.Theyaretheestablishmentofthelongestandwidestrangeofactivities,themostinfluentialinternationalnon-governmentalorganizations.Sinceitsestablishment,thescopeofactivities,extent,theseorganizationsconstituteanon-governmentalandnon-profitorganizationsatthehighestleveloftheorganization.Andnationallevelorganizations,theyalsoprovidevaluessupportandinformationservices.Atthesametimealsoengagedinanumberofregionaldevelopmentassistanceprogramsaswellasspecificenvironmentalprotectionandotheractivities.ThedifferenceisthattheyareoftenrelevantUnitedNationsagencieshavebeenrecognizedandauthorized.Asshownabove,themoderntheoryofcivilsociety,thefoundationofmoderncivilsocietybasedonnational-market-thesocialmodelofternarydiscreteanalyticalframework,andcivilsocietyhasbeenusedtorefertobuiltonthestate,market,familyrelationshipsofthesocialsphere,inparticular,referstotheinterestsofstatepowerandthemarketoutsideofthesocialself-organizingsystems,includingsocialmovements,variousformsofsocialparticipationanditsassociatedvaluesandculturalpatternsofdevelopment.Sincethe20thcenturywiththeeconomiccrisis,thequestionofthewelfarestate,publicadministrationcrisisandotherchallenges,theincreasingawarenessof‘governmentfailure’and‘marketfailure’knowledgeofmoreandmoresooutsideofgovernmentandthemarketbegantopayattentionthefirstthreemechanisms-non-profitorganizationsinthecommunitymanagementofpublicaffairsrole,moderncivilsocietyembodiestheconceptofthedictatorshipofthestatepowerandeconomichegemonyofthetwo-waymarketchecksandbalances.Atpresent,non-profitorganization’sstudyalsodoesnothaveamatureandstabletheoreticalframework.Separationofstateandsociety’sbasicassumptionisthatthetheoreticalbasisfortheformationofnon-profitorganizations,inotherwords,non-profitorganizationsincivilsocietyonthebasisofthetheory,itisthecoreofthemoderncivilsociety.Intheory,itandthebeginningofthestudyconvergenceofcivilsociety,preciselybecausethiscombination,non-profitorganizations,thestudyfound,intheory,animportantfoothold,andhasmadeconsiderableprogress.Atpresent,non-profitorganization’sworkonthesamepointofthestudydefinedas‘country-themarket-thesocial’framework,itiscorrect.Thereisnodoubtthatthisgreatnon-profitorganizationswithintheframeworkofaveryimportantpart.Therefore,thenon-profitorganizations,thelevelofactivityhasbecomeasocialsymbolofthelevelofdevelopmentofcivilsociety.Second,China’snon-profitorganizationfosteringthedevelopmentofthesignificanceofcivilsocietyInourhistory,civilsocietyhasbeenthepoliticalstateofannihilation,arelativelyindependentcivilsocietyformationisaproductofmodernChina.China’sreformandopeningup,starttheeconomicsystemandpoliticalsystemofgradualreform,inasense,thismodernstart,notanobjectivenaturalprocess,butbythestrengthShi’spoliticalplansandarrangements,attendantmustbemadeinthesocial,economic,culturalandotheraspectsofstructuraladjustment,toaccommodateandpromotetheprogressofreforms.Inthisstructuraladjustmentprocess,theplanningsystemdwindling,thestatepowerfromanumberofsocialareasislimitedwithdrawalfromthestatemonopolyinalmostallsocialresources,thesituationgraduallychanged.First,inruralareas,andtheninthecity,peoplebegantohavemorechoice,morespace,socialmobilityhasincreased,thediversityoflifehasbecomeincreasinglyevident.Naturally,thisperiodemergedastheexpansionofsocialspaceisnotjusttheoldsocialorganizationandbehavior,andtherearemanymoremodernmeansofsocialorganizationforms,avarietyofintermediarysocialorganizations,includingthevarioussocieties,associations,seminars,professionalgroups,andmorecloselylinkedwiththeeverydaylifeoftheassociationoflargeandsmall.Itisthesesocialorganizationsandtheemergenceanddevelopmentoflong-constituteourcontemporary‘CivilSociety’inthecore,thetraditional‘strongstateandweaksociety’modelhasbeenrelaxed,people’sself-consciousne