经济学原理 微观 第五版测试题库 04Word格式.docx

经济学原理 微观 第五版测试题库 04Word格式.docx

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NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities

TOP:

MarketeconomiesMSC:

Definitional

2.Inamarketeconomy,supplyanddemanddetermineboththequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichitissold.

3.Amarketisagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice.

4-1

MarketsMSC:

4.Sellersasagroupdeterminethedemandforaproduct,andbuyersasagroupdeterminethesupplyofaproduct.

FDIF:

SupplyanddemandTOP:

Demand|Supply

MSC:

5.Ayardsaleisanexampleofamarket.

2REF:

Applicative

6.Anewspaper’sclassifiedadsareanexampleofamarket.

7.Mostmarketsintheeconomyarehighlycompetitive.

8.Inacompetitivemarket,thequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichitissoldarenotdeterminedbyanysinglebuyerorseller.

CompetitivemarketsMSC:

9.Inacompetitivemarket,therearesofewbuyersandsofewsellersthateachhasasignificantimpactonthemarketprice.

10.Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,thegoodsofferedforsaleareallexactlythesame.

PerfectcompetitionTOP:

Perfectcompetition

11.Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,buyersandsellersarepricesetters.

12.Allgoodsandservicesaresoldinperfectlycompetitivemarkets.

13.Ifagoodorservicehasonlyoneseller,thentheselleriscalledamonopoly.

MonopolyTOP:

MonopolyMSC:

14.Monopolistsarepricetakers.

Interpretive

15.LocalcableTVcompaniesfrequentlyaremonopolists.

16.Thequantitydemandedofaproductistheamountthatbuyersarewillingandabletopurchaseataparticularprice.

4-2

Quantitydemanded

17.Thelawofdemandistrueformostgoodsintheeconomy.

Lawofdemand

18.Thelawofdemandstatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodrises,thequantitydemandedofthegoodrises,andwhenthepricefalls,thequantitydemandedfalls.

19.Thedemandcurveistheupward-slopinglinerelatingpriceandquantitydemanded.

Demandcurve

20.Individualdemandcurvesaresummedhorizontallytoobtainthemarketdemandcurve.

Marketdemandcurve

21.Themarketdemandcurveshowshowthetotalquantitydemandedofagoodvariesastheincomeofbuyersvaries,whilealltheotherfactorsthataffecthowmuchconsumerswanttobuyareheldconstant.

22.Ifsomethinghappenstoalterthequantitydemandedatanygivenprice,thenthedemandcurveshifts.

23.Amovementupwardandtotheleftalongagivendemandcurveiscalledadecreaseindemand..

24.Anincreaseindemandshiftsthedemandcurvetotheleft.

25.Ifthedemandforagoodfallswhenincomefalls,thenthegoodiscalledaninferiorgood.

Normalgoods

26.WhenMario'

sincomedecreases,hebuysmorepasta.ForMario,pastaisanormalgood.

Inferiorgoods

27.Adecreaseinincomewillshiftthedemandcurveforaninferiorgoodtotheright.

28.Anincreaseinthepriceofasubstitutegoodwillshiftthedemandcurveforagoodtotheright.

Substitutes

29.Baseballsandbaseballbatsaresubstitutegoods.

Complements

30.Adecreaseinthepriceofacomplementwillshiftthedemandcurveforagoodtotheleft.

31.Whenanincreaseinthepriceofonegoodlowersthedemandforanothergood,thetwogoodsarecalledcomplements.

32.Cocoaandmarshmallowsarecomplements,soadecreaseinthepriceofcocoawillcauseanincreaseinthedemandformarshmallows.

33.Ifapersonexpectsthepriceofsockstoincreasenextmonth,thenthatperson’scurrentdemandforsockswillincrease.

Expectations

34.Adecreaseinthepriceofaproductandanincreaseinthenumberofbuyersinthemarketaffectthedemandcurveinthesamegeneralway.

35.Wheneveradeterminantofdemandotherthanpricechanges,thedemandcurveshifts.

36.Anincreaseinthepriceofpizzawillshiftthedemandcurveforpizzatotheleft.

37.Publicserviceannouncements,mandatoryhealthwarningsoncigarettepackages,andtheprohibitionofcigaretteadvertisingontelevisionareallpoliciesaimedatshiftingthedemandcurveforcigarettestotheright.

38.Moststudieshavefoundthattobaccoandmarijuanaarecomplementsratherthansubstitutes.

39.Thequantitysuppliedofagoodorserviceistheamountthatsellersarewillingandabletosellataparticularprice.

4-3

Quantitysupplied

40.Whenthepriceofagoodishigh,sellingthegoodisprofitable,andsothequantitysuppliedislarge.

Lawofsupply

41.Whenthepriceofagoodislow,sellingthegoodisprofitable,andsothequantitysuppliedislarge.

42.Pricecannotfallsolowthatsomesellerschoosetosupplyaquantityofzero.

43.Thelawofsupplystatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodrises,thequantitysuppliedofthegoodfalls.

44.Thelawofsupplystatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodfalls,thequantitysuppliedfallsaswell.

45.Ifahigherpricemeansagreaterquantitysupplied,thenthesupplycurveslopesupward.

Supplycurve

46.Individualsupplycurvesaresummedverticallytoobtainthemarketsupplycurve.

Marketsupplycurve

47.Themarketsupplycurveshowshowthetotalquantitysuppliedofagoodvariesasinputpricesvary,holdingconstantalltheotherfactorsthatinfluenceproducers’decisionsabouthowmuchtosell.

48.Ifsomethinghappenstoalterthequantitysuppliedatanygivenprice,thenwemovealongt