浅析西方吸血鬼文化与东方鬼文化对比分析Word格式文档下载.docx
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2012年6月
GRADUATIONTHESIS
(Grade2008)
COMPARATIVEANALYSISOFTHECULTUREBETWEENWESTERNVAMPIREANDEASTERNGHOST
浅析西方“吸血鬼”文化与东方“鬼”文化之对比
摘要
随着全球化的不断发展,跨文化交际也越来越重要,并且深入到我们生活的各个方面,“鬼”文化作为世界性的文化现象,中国和西方都有着悠久生动的鬼文化。
人们对于“鬼”文化的精神追求也不断深入与发展,这是一种精神文化的象征。
同时,了解东西方“鬼”文化的异同也能够促进跨文化交际中精神文化的交流。
中国的“鬼”是人死后的灵魂;
而西方鬼文化的代表是“吸血鬼”。
“鬼”的观念的产生不仅是因为古人对大自然的崇拜和畏惧,还是古人对黑暗的畏惧,对理想精神生活的渴望。
“吸血鬼”文化是西方文化中的重要组成部分,“吸血鬼”又称血族,是西方世界中一种有名的可怕生物。
由于他们具有永生的特点,因此他们的行踪十分隐蔽。
本课题将主要通过对比的手法来比较两者的异同,最后在总结全文的基础上,再次强调鬼与吸血鬼文化的重要性,并探讨东西文化根源与现实功能,以及中西承载的深厚文化内涵。
关键词:
吸血鬼;
鬼;
文化;
对比
COMPARATIVEANALYSISOFTHECULTUREBETWEENWESTERNVAMPIREANDEASTERNGHOST
ABSTRACT
Withthedevelopmentoftheglobalization,theinterculturalcommunicationismoreandmoreimportant.Atthesametime,ithasinfluenceourlifedeeply.Astheglobalculturephenomenon,thecultureoftheghosthasthelonghistorybothinwesternandeasterncountries.Peoplehavethestrongaspirationonpsychologicalcultureforwestern"
vampire"
andeastern"
ghost"
andthiskindofaspirationaredeeperanddevelopmentcontinuous.Itisasymbolofspiritculture.Atthesametime,itcanalsopromotethecommunicationofspiritualcultureincross-culturalcommunicationbyunderstandingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofwesternvampireandChinese"
culture.
The"
inChinaisthesoulafterpeople’sdeath,whilethe"
isrepresentedinwesternghostculture.Theproductionofthe"
Ghost"
ideaisnotonlytheworshipfornatureoftheancients,butalsothefearfordarknessandthelongingforidealthespirituallife.Vampirecultureisanimportantpartinwesternculture.Vampire,whichmeansbloodthirsty,isthewesternworldfamousmonster.Theyliveinsecret,becausetheywillneverdie.
Thispaperwillfocusonthecomparisonofthetwoaspects.What'
smore,itdiscussestheculturalrootandthefunctionsofrealityanditinheritstheprofoundculturalconnotationbetweenChineseandwesternculture.
Keywords:
vampire;
ghosts;
culture;
comparative
Introduction
Cultureisakindofhistoricalphenomenon.Itwasproducedwiththedevelopmentofhumansociety.AlthoughChinaandwesterncountrieslocatedinthedifferentareaoftheworld,thesocialdevelopmentcourseisthesameroughly.Theyarebothdevelopmentfromtheprimitivesocietytomodernsociety.Therefore,theyhavemanysimilaritiesinculture."
culture,asthecommoncultureofChineseandwesternofvampireculture,alsohasitssimilarities.Astheworldwideculturalphenomenon,"
culturehasalonghistorybothinChinaandwesterncountries.Chinese"
isthesoulafterdeath.Theproductionofthe"
ideaisnotonlytheworshipfornatureoftheancients,butalsothefearfordarknessandthelongingforidealthespirituallife.
Thereasonofthevampireculturepopularityisbenefitedfromtheliteratureandfilmpartly.Inthewest,therearelotsofliteratureandmoviesaboutvampire.Fromtheliteratureandfilms,thuswecanknowmuchaboutthevampire,andknowtheprocessofvampire'
simagechangedfromthemonstertonoblebeautifulperfectbiological.Boththeghostandvampirefilmandtelevisionworkshaveappearedfrequentlyonthescreen,andhavegotthebigsuccess.
Owingtotheopening-upofChinaandtherapiddevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,itprovidesmanyopportunitiesforChineseandwesternpeoplebutitalsobringssomeproblems.AstheimportantpartoftheChineseandwesternculture,Chineseghostandwesternvampirecultureisthecommonproductofhumanspiritactivities.KnowingthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweentheChineseandwesternculture,wecanbettertosolvetheconflictofcross-culturalcommunicationandcontradiction.
Thispaperwillfocusonthecomparisonofthetwoparts.Thefirstpartofthepaperwillanalysistherootcauses,backgroundanddevelopmentofwestern"
andChinese"
culture.Thesecondpartwillsummarizeandcomparethecharacteristicsofghostandvampirethroughtheimageanalysis.Thethirdpartwillanalysistheinfluenceforpeoplesociety.Finally,basedonthesummingupthewholepaper,thisthesisemphasizestheimportanceofghostandvampireculture.What'
1Comparisonofvampireandghost
1.1Thebackgroundofvampire
ThelegendofVampireisoriginatedfromthefearandworshipforbloodofwesternpeople.Thedevelopmentofunderstandingtheworldandhumanthemselveswasformedgradually,andtheprocessisverylong.Theancientwesternpeoplefeeldifficulttounderstanddisease,deathandphysiologyphenomenon,especiallyforblood.Thereforetheyimaginemanykindsofmonsters.Thevampireisthetypicalone.Thisshowsthatwesternhumanancestorsfearofnature.
"
Ifthereisacompletehistoryofthedocumentaryrecord,thatisthehistoryofthevampire."
--Rousseau
Asasymbolofthelife,thebloodhasanimportantstatusintheChristianandthetideofEuropeancivilization.Fromthebeginning,bloodactasthesymbolofevilandmystery.Therefore,itlaidasolidfoundationfortheappearanceofvampire.
1.1.1Theearlyoriginofthevampire
AccordingtotheBible,theoriginofvampireisCain.AdamandEveweredriveoutoftheEdengardenbytheGod.Afterthattheylivedinwild.Theygavebirthtoalotofchildren.Cainistheirfirstchild,thethirdpeopleoftheworld.AsCainkilledhisownbrotherandbepunishedbyGod.Cainmustmakethelivingwithpeople'
sblood.Althoughhecanliveforeverwiththeblood,heonlycanliveindarkplaceandbecursedafterhisgeneration.Afterthat,CainmarriedwithLilith(LilithfirstappearedinSumerianmyth,thefirstwifeofAdamintheoldagreementofJudaism,forshedissatisfiedwithGodthenlefttheGardenofEden).LilithtaughtCainhowtosuckthebloodfrompeopletogainpower.
Accordingtothis,someonethinkLilithistherealoneoftheoriginalvampire.Actually,alloftheseareinventedbylatergenerations,buttheselaidthefoundationfortheliteratureofvampire.Itisalsothemostpopularstatementabouttheoriginofthevampire.
1.1.2Therealitycause
Actually,therearemanyotherversionsabouttheoriginofvampire.Butoneofthemostconvincingandalsothemostscientificbasisstatementisabouttheplagueduringthedarkperiodofthemiddlecentury.
Duringthemiddleofthe14century,attheeastEuroperangeoftheeastofPrussia,SilesiaandBohemia,theseareasspreadwithdisease.Inordertoavoidinfected,peopledidnotdistinguishwhetherthepatientisreallydieornot,andburiedthosepeopleinahurry.Fewdayslater,peopleopenupthegraveforsomereason,theyfoundthatbodychangedtheposture,andevensomebodystillstainedwithblood.Infact,itwasbecausethatthepeoplewhoburiedatthattimehasnotreallydead,theywerejustinadeepcoma.Andaftertheywakedup,theywerestruggledinthegrave.
However,inthepoverty,blockandfoolishplace,thepeoplesaidthatwasthevampire.Then,theghoststoriesaboutthevampirewerespreadquickly.Whentheycannotrelyonthegovernmentandthemselves,peoplebegantoseektheliberationandareliefinspirit.Thus,itcausedthelegendofvampireforhundredsyears.
1.2ThecausesofChineseghostculture
The"
cultureinChinaisoneoftheimportantcontentwhichcannotbeneglectedinChinesetraditionalculture.Itreflectsmanyaspectsofthepeople'
svalues.Wecannotsimplyconsidertheghostcultureassuperstition.Afterall,theawarenessofghostculturehasrootedinthepeople'
smind.Weshouldknowtherootedcauseoftheproductionofghostculture.Analysistherelatedmaterialsandcustomscanhelpusknowbetterabouttheghostculture.Accordingtothis,wecanknowmoreabouttheghostculture,thenuseitdosomecontributiontohuman-being.
Infact,thesourceoftheghostismultiple,complexandchangeable.First,theghostislinkedwiththesoul,andthesoulisrelatedwithdreamsclosely.Atthattime,thepeoplebelievedthatthoughpeopleweredead,butthesoulisintheworld.So,ourancestorsdrawtheconclusionthatpeopleismadeupbytwoparts,thebodyandthesoul.Thebodycandie,however,thesoulneverdie.Whenpeopledied,thesouldeliveredfromtheman'
sbody,andthenitbecomestheghost.Itisjustanexplanationforthecauseofghost.Theghostculturecomesoutfollowingtheideaofghost.
1.2.1Thefearfornaturalforce
Theeconomicbasisdeterminesthesuperstructure.Anyproductionofthesocialphenomenonhasitsprofoundsocialresource.Andalloftheproductionscanbeobtainedfromthebasisofsocialexistence,includingthe"
cultureofChina.Becauseofpoorscienceandtechnologicallevelofthefeudalsocietypeople,peoplecannotexplainthedreamsandsuddendeath.Thereforetheyimaginetheexistenceof"
Inordertoseekthelifematerial,ourancientsbattledwithnatureforalongtime,andseparatedthemselveswiththesurroundingenvironmentgradually.Thentheyhadaclearsenseofthemselves,andknewthecertainnaturalphenomenonandprocess.Theyfoundthatsomenaturalphenomenoncanbringtheenjoymentunexpected.However,somenaturalphenomenoncanbringthemdisaster,evendeath.
Whenthehumanatthattimecouldnotgetridoftheterroristandfearofthenaturalforce,especiallyallkindsofnaturalhazardsthattheycouldn’tsolvearoundthem,theygraduallyformedtheconceptoftheghostandsoul.
Italsore