中国海洋大学博士英语真题Word格式.docx

中国海洋大学博士英语真题Word格式.docx

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men'

sroleshavebecomemore7.Manymenarerelinquishingtheirmajorresponsibility8

thefamilyprovider.Probablythemostsignificantchangeinmen'

sroles,however,isinthe

emotional9offamilylife.Menareincreasingly10tomeettheemotionalneedsoftheir

families,11theirwives.

Infact,expectationsabouttheemotionaldomainofmarriagehavebecomemoresignificantformarriageingeneral.Researehon12marriagehaschangedoverrecentaecadespointstotheincreasing,importanceoftheemotionalsideof-therelationship,andtheimportanceofsharingintheeemotionwork"

13tonourishmarriagesandotherfamilyrelationships.Menandwomenwanttoexperiencemarriagesthatareinterdependent,14bothpartnersnurtureeachother,attendandrespondtoeachother,andencourageandpromoteeachother.Wearethusseeingmarriagesinwhichmen'

sandwomen'

srolesarebecomingincreasinglymore15.

1.A.incidentsB.changesC.resultsD.effects

2.A.takeB.doC.playD.show

3.A.byB.whileC.henceD.thus

4.A.homeB.gardenC.arenaD.paradise

5.A.WhenB:

EventhoughC.SinceD.Nevertheless

6.A.rewardsB.profitsC.privilegesD.incomes

7.A.generalB.acceptableC.popularD.apparent

8.A.asB.ofC.fromD.for

9.A.sectionBconstituent:

C.domainD.point

10.A.encouragedB.expectedC.advisedD.predicted

11.A.nottomentionB.aswellas

CincludingD.especially.

12.A.howB.whatC.whyD.if

13A.butB.only.C.enoughD.necessary

14.A.unlessB.althoughC.whereD.because

15.A.pleasantB.importantC.similarD.manageable

PARTⅡReadingComprehension（30）

Thereare5readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

Passage1

ThefirstnavigationallightsintheNewWorldwereprobablylanternshungatharborentrances.ThefastlighthousewasputtipbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor.Paidforandmaintainedby"

lightdues"

leviedonships,theoriginalbeaconwasblownupin1776.Bythentherewereonlyadozenorsotruelighthousesinthecolonic.Littleoveracenturylater,therewere700lighthouses.

ThefirsteighterectedontheWestCoastinthe1850'

sfeaturedthesamebasicNewEnglanddesign:

aCapeCoddwellingwiththetowerrisingfromthecenterorstandingcloseby.InNewEnglandandelsewhere,though.,lighthousesreflectedaVarietyofarchitecturalstyles.SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuilt.onrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule.Someweremadeofstoneandbrick,others"

ofwoodormetal.Somestoodonpilingsorstilts:

somewerefastenedtorockwithironrods."

Farthersouth,fromMarylandthreughtheFloridaKeys,thecoastwaslowandsandy.Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere--massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras.NorthCarolina.lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feetitisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry.

NOtwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:

alight,livingquarters,andsometimesabell（or,later;

afoghorn）.Theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon:

akeeperand,usually,thekeeper'

sfamily.Thekeeper'

sessentialtaskwastrimmingthelanternwickinordertomaintainasteady,brightflame.Theearliestkeeperscamefromeverywalkoflife---theywereseamen,farmers,mechanics,roughmillhands--andappointmentswereoftenhandedoutbylocalcustomscommissionersaspoliticalplums.Aftertheadministrationoflighthouseswastakenoverin1852bytheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard,anagencyof.theTreasuryDepartment,thekeepercorpsgraduallybecamehighlyprofessional.

16Whatisthebesttideforthepassage?

A.TheLighthouseonLittleBrewsterIsland

B:

TheLifeofaLighthouseKeeper

C.EarlyLighthouses.intheUnitedStates

D.TheModemProfessionofLighthouse-Keeping

17.WhydoestheauthormentiontheMassachusettsBayColony?

A.Itwas.theheadquartersoftheUntiedStatesLighthouseBoard.

B.Manyofthetauest.lighthouseswerebuiltthere.

C.Thefirstlanternwicksweredevelopedthere.

D.ThefirstlighthouseinNorthAmericawasbuiltthere.

18.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatlighthousesintheNortheastdidnotneedhightowersbecause.

A.shiptherehadhighmasts

B.coastalwatersweresafe

C.thecoastwasstraightandunobstructed

D.thelighthousewerebuiltonhighplaces

19.Accordingtothepassage,wherecanthetallestbricklighthouseintheUnitedStatesbefound?

A,LittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheFloridaKeys

C.CapeHatteras

D.Capecod

20.Inthesecondsentenceofparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdoestheword"

They"

referto?

A.Lighthouses

B.Differences

C.Quarters

D.Features

Passage2

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicaldock

tellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhento

leavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.It

controlsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.thesenaturaldaily

eventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.Butthefirstscientificobservationof

Circadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer.Jean-Jacques

d'

OrtousdeMairan,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeevery

morning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekept

itinadarkplaceallthetime.Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythms.inhumans.

Theylearnedthatman'

sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewith-adayof-alitdelessthan25

hoursinsteadofthe24hoursOnaman-madeclock.AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,

Eliot.Weitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeoplein

hisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheir

circadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsfor

commonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.Thelaboratoryis

intheMontefloreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsin

each.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosor

televisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,

one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea;

The

instrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesin

theurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrol

room24hoursadayduringanexperimentTheydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenot

permittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.Inthe

firstfouryearsofresearch,DrWeitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweenthe

agesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,

asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomanto

tarepartintheexperiment.SheenteredthelaboratoryonJune13thandstayedfor25days.

MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedinthe

Newspaper.

21.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology,

22Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintained

itsopening-and-closingcycles

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

23Thesentence"

Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms."

（In

Paragraph4）probablymeans

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringto

aman-madeclock.

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothem,

C.Theycanlivebyregulatingtheir.owncircadianrhythms~

D.Theyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylife.

24.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhois.ondutydoesnotwork

thesametim