应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx
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arsenateion;
sulfiteion;
hydrideion;
arseniteion;
bromideion;
hydroxideion;
phosphateion;
chlorateion;
hypochloriteion;
chlorideion;
iodateion;
carbonateion;
chloriteion;
nitrateion;
chromateion;
cyanideion;
iodideion;
dichromateion;
fluorideion;
oxideion;
hydrogencarbonateion;
nitriteion;
sulfideion;
hydrogensulfateion;
perchlorateion;
sulfateion;
hydrogensulfiteion;
permanganateion.
III.Completethetable.
Formula
Oldname
Systematicname
FeO
iron（
）oxide
Fe2O3
）oxide
Sn（OH）2
tin（
）hydroxide
Sn（OH）4
Hg2SO4
mercury（
）sulfate
HgSO4
NaCLO
sodiumhypochlorite
K2Cr2O7
potassiumdichromate
Cu3（AsO4）2
copper（
）arsenate
Cr（C2H3O2）3
chromium（
）acetate
IV.Acidnamesmaybeobtaineddirectlyfromitsacidionbychangingthenameoftheacidion（negativeion）.Usetheruletogivethenameofthefollowingacid.
Formulaofacid
Nameofacid
H2CO3
carbonicacid
HClO2
chlorousacid
HClO4
perchloricacid
HCN
hydrocyanicacid
HBr
hydrobromicacid
H4SiO4
silicicacid
H3AsO4
arsenicacid
V.Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofthewordgivenattheendofthesentence.
1.isaltered;
2.Toillustrate3.indicates4.shouldexpect5.wouldcancel
6.arepulled7.dependon8.are;
referred9.formed10.havediscussed
VI.Translation
1.Mattercanneitherbecreatednorbedestroyed/eliminated.
2.Itisnecessarythatascientistmustknowhowtousefingurestogetanaccutateanswertoquestion.
3.Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritissolid,liquidorgas.
4.Theexperimentwassuccessful.It’sresultswasthesameaswhatwehadexpected.
5.Itwillnotbelongbeforewefinishtheexperiment.
VII.Writeequationsforthefollowingacid-basereactions.Usetheinformationininorganictextbooktopredictwhethertheequilibriumwillfavorthereactantsortheproducts.（PartiallySolved）
Solutinto（a）:
CyanideistheconjugatebaseofHCN.Itcanacceptaprotonfromformicacid:
Readingfrominorganictextbook,formicacid（pKa=3.76）isastrongeracidthanHCN（pKa=9.22）,andcyanideisastrongerbasethanformate.Theproducts（weakeracidandbase）arefavored.
…………..
VIII.Writeequationsforthenetreactionswhichoccurwhenthefollowingmaterialsareaddedtoasodium-ammoniasolution.
Answer:
（1）2CH3GeH3+2eam-→H2+2CH3GeH2-
（2）I2+2eam-→2I-
（3）（C2H5）2S+2eam-+NH3→C2H5S-+C2H6+NH2-
Unit10NomenclatureofHydrocarbons
1.C2.D3.B4.A5.B6.B
II.NamethefollowingcompoundsbytheIUPACsystem
1
CH3（CH2）nCH3（n=2,3,4,6,respectively）
butane,pentane,hexane,octane
2
（CH3）2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2-methylpentane
3
（CH3）3C-CH2-CH（C2H5）-CH2-CH3
4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane
4
（CH3）2CH-CH2CH2-CH（CH2CH2CH3）-CH（CH3）2
5-isopropyl-2-methyloctane
5
CH3-CH2-CH2-C（CH2CH2CH3）2-CH（CH3）2
4-isopropyl-4-propylheptane
6
◇-CH2-CH（CH3）2
isobutylcyclobutane
7
CH2=C（C2H5）（CH（CH3）2）
2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-butene
8
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CHCl-CH3
2-chloro-3-hexene
9
CH3-CH（CH3）-CH（C2H5）-C≡C-CH3
4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-hexyne
10
CH2=CH-C≡CH
1-buten-3-yne
11
（CH3）2CH-CH2CH（OH）CH3
4-methyl-2-pentanol
12
CH3CH2CH=CHCH（OH）CH3
3-hexen-2-ol
13
（CH3）3C-OH
2-methyl-2-propanol
14
（CH3）3C-OCH2H5
2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane
15
（CH3）2CH-CH2-O-C2H5
1-ethoxy-2-methylpropane
16
（CH2OH）2
1,2-ethanediol
17
CH3-CH（OH）-CH2（OH）
1,2-proanediol
18
CH2（OH）-CH（OH）-CH2（OH）
1,2,3-propanetriol
19
CH3CH2NH2
aminoethane
20
CH3CH2CH2CH（CH3）CH-NH-CH3
N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentane
III.Drawstructuresforthefollowingcompounds.
3-octene
C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C
3-methy-2-heptene
cyclohexene
2-pentyne
C-C≡C-C-C
3,3-dimethylhexyne
3-bromotoluene
vinylchloride
C=C-Cl
acetylene
C≡C
para-dichlorobenzene
m-chlorobromobenzene
toluene
chlorobenzene
1,2-dibromobenzene
naphthalene
anthracene
phenanthrene
2-methyl-1-propanol
Cyclohexanol
Methoxyethene
trans-2-ethoxycyclohexanol
IV.Decidewhichitembestcompleteseachunfinishedsentence.
1.A2.A3.B4.C
V.Eachofthefollowingnamesisincorrect.Drawthestructurerepresentedbytheincorrectname（oraconsistentstructureifthenameisambiguous）,andgiveyourdrawingthecorrectname.
（…………）
Unit11CarboxylicAcidsandTheirDerivatives
1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6.C
II.Fillintheblankswiththephrasesgivenbelow.
1.broughtout2.dozenorso;
puttogether3.aremadeof;
dividedby4.aredifferentfrom5.onthecontrary;
consistof6.summedup7.standfor8.suchas9.are;
dependenton10.breakdowninto
III.Putinproperprepositionsoradverbsintotheblanks.
1.with;
as2.to3.about4.from5.into
IV.Translation
1.Similarly,solventalsomaynotbeliquidmatterbuttheothers
2.Agraphplottingsolubilityagainsttemperatureiscalledasolubilitycurve.
（Thecurveplotdrawn（made/produced）bysolubilityasonecoordinateandtemperatureasanothercoordinateiscalledsolubilitycurve.）
3.Airismixtureofgases,themostabundantofwhichisnitrogenintheformofN2（molecules）.
4.Thedirectionofthereactionandthepositionoftheequilibriummayalsobeaffectedbythetemperature,pressure,andotherconditions.
5.Hydrogenhasagreataffinityforoxygenandeasilycombineswithittoformwater.
V.Translation
玻意尔（Bohr）模型提出不久后，人们就发现原子中的电子比Bohr提出的模型要复杂得多。
实验证实电子既有粒子的性质（质量）也有光的特性（波的特性）。
因为它的两重性，电子不能被看作是在确定范围内绕核旋转的一种简单粒子，而且如Bohr所说的，如果电子高速运动，我们就不能确切地知道它的位置。
Unit13UltravioletandVisibleMolecularSpectroscopy
1.C2.D3.D4.D5.B
II.Fillintheblanks
of;
as;
in;
out;
In;
for;
for;
of;
then;
to;
since（for）;
into.
III.Filltheblankineachsentencewithanappropriatephraseinitsproperform.
1.accountfor2.takepartin3.thinkof….as4.Ascomparedwith
5.isattachedto6.onthecontrary7.Asinthecaseof8.incontrastwithasagainst9.owingto10.Exceptfor.
Unit17Crystallisation
1.D2.A3.A4.D5.A
II.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordgivenbelow.
Stage;
interna;
symmetrical;
basis;
physical;
Furthermore;
composed;
responsible;
reasonable;
overall.
III.Choosetheitemfrom
（1）~（6）thatbestmatchestheitemin（a）~（f）tomakeacorrectsentence.
1~a;
2~b;
3~c;
4~d;
5~e;
6~f
.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese
共沸物；
类质同晶；
过饱和；
砷酸盐；
晶核；
异丙基；
醇；
钠；
硫酸盐；
间甲酚；
糖膏；
十水合物；
结晶质的；
同系物；
衍生物；
结晶；
四硼酸盐；
盐析；
乙基乙酰苯胺；
矿物油。
Uint18Distillation
1.B2.D3.A4.A
1.Inorderto2.inrelationto3.inthecaseof4.intheend
5.inanumberof6.leadto7.amessyway
掌握以下词汇:
flashdistillation闪蒸;
exitstream出流;
equilibriumcurve平衡曲线;
weir堰;
redistillation重蒸;
apparatus设备;
overheadproduct塔顶产物;
enthalpy焓;
intersection交点;
auxiliary辅助装置;
rectifyingsection精馏段;
reflux回流;
reboller再沸器;
strippingsection汽提（提馏）段;
bottomproduct塔底产物
Unit21catalysis
1.A2.D3.D4.B5.C
.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish
（1）Wedefineactivityassize（measure）ofcatalysisofcatalyst
（2）catalyticreactionmaybecarriedoutindifferentphases,ofwhichmechanismsaregenerallyconsistent
（3）Enzymesarethemostefficientproteinsinthehumanbodywhichacceleratethemetabolismofthehumanbody.
.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish
reactionequilibrium;
repetitiveness;
elementaryreactionstep;
stability;
catalyticcycle;
activity;
quantitativeanalysis;
selectivity;
metabolicreaction;
chemicalenergy;
reactionmechanism;
polymernylon（ornylon）;
qualitativeanalysis;
molecular-sieve;
tubularreactor;
inhibitor;
stoichiometry.
Unit22Cosmeticsintroduction
1.D2.A3.D4.D5.
（1）True;
（2）True;
（3）False.
Focusedon;
considerations;
particular;
boosting;
price;
affect;
commitment;
different;
proposed.
1.for,of;
2.to;
3.for4.for（to）5.of,about.
、TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
对亚苯基二胺，降解，丙烯，头皮屑，洗剂，N-亚硝基二乙醇胺，致癌的，未成熟（or早熟），香波（or洗发剂），激素（荷尔蒙），防汗剂，诱变性，脱臭剂（芳香剂），推论（必然结果），甘油
、TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish
surfactant；
environmentalpollution；
emulsifier；
side-effect；
dirt；
detergent；
perspiration；
preservative.
PARTTWOTHEFUNDATIONSOFCHEMISTRY
Unit7ChemicalBonds
化学键
Thereareapproximately100chemicalelements.
世界上大概有100种元素。
Therearemillionsofchemicalcompound,andabout600000newcompoundsarepreparedeveryyear.
现有数百万种化合物，而且每年有60万种新化合物被合成出来。
Toformthesecompounds,atomsofdifferente
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