Part TwoThe 19th Century NovelWord文档下载推荐.docx

Part TwoThe 19th Century NovelWord文档下载推荐.docx

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1）DanielDefoe:

oftencalledthewriterwholaunchedtheEnglishnovel.

RobinsonCrusoe---Defoe'

sfinestwork.

MollFlanders---theadventurousandmiserablelifeofawoman,inwhichtheauthorshowsanoteofsocialcriticism,criticismofthedisregardforthedemoralizingeffectofpoverty.

2）HenryFielding:

oftennamedfatheroftheEnglishnovel;

greatcontributiontotheplotofnovelandtotheconceptoffictionalhero.

TomJones---Fielding'

sgreatestnovel.

JosephAndrews---hecalledit"

acomicepicinprose"

.PartofthenovelisaparodyofthemainthemeofRichardson'

sPamela.FieldingridiculesallthatseemstohimtobeunrealisticandfalseinRichardson'

snovel.

3）JonathanSwift:

famousBritishsatirist.

Gulliver'

sTravels---usingsatiricalallegory,itbringsverisimilitudetotheadventuresandthechroniclingofhumanlife;

itexpressesSwift'

smoralcriticismofhisworld.

2.Sentimentalism（def.withrealismasbasis,anoverindulgenceinemotion,anoptimisticoveremphasisonthegoodnessofhumanity）.

1）.SamuelRichardson:

theinventerofepistolarynovel.Hissentimentalismismixedupwithmorality.

Pamela,or,VirtueRewarded---tellsthestoryofapoorservant-girlandthesonofheremployers.

ClarissaHarlowe---anepistolarynovel.Thestory,whichcomprisesthelongestEnglishnovel,istoldbymeansof537letters.Clarissa,apureandhigh-mindedgirlofabigfamily,inwhoseefforttoescapefromaforcedmarriageandherunhappyhome,fallsintothetrapofherloverMrLovelace.Sheispersecutedandruined,anddiesinbroken-heartedshame.Themoralaimoftheauthorwastoshow"

thedistressesthatmayattendmisconductbothofparentsandchildreninrelationofmarriage"

.

2）.TobiasSmollett:

ahumorist,hismeldingofsatiricintentionwithrealistictechnique,hismixtureofsentiment,romanceandsocialcriticism.

HumphryClinker---apicaresquenovelrelatingtheadventuresofBramblefamilyastheytravelthroughEnglandandScotland.Alaughablestory.

3）.LawrenceSterne:

asentimentalist,whosentimentswithwitandhumor,hisgeniusinoverturningthesetconventionsoftheinfantnovelgenre.Thecomplexityofhiscreationofapersona.

TristramShandy---aworkwhichbreaksthenarrativeformofthenovel,andapplyingpsychologicaltheories,undertakestheexplorationoftheinnerlife.Ithasuniquenessinwritingtechnique:

characters'

talksjumpfromtopictotopicandcanneverbekeptinthemainline;

grammarandrhetoricarethrownoverboard;

digressionsregardedas"

thelife,thesoulofreading"

ASentimentalJourney---anarrativeoftheauthor'

spersonalexperiencesoftravelonthecontinent.Weseetearsforapoormonk,foranoldmanandhisassontheroadside;

theauthorsaidtohimself,"

Didweloveeachother,asthispoorsoulbutlovedhisass?

"

Thenovelexposesthevicesandfolliesofvarioussocialclasses.

3.Gothicism（def.worksfullofhorrorsandmysteries;

Gothictalesusuallyhavestrangethingshappeninginfrighteningplacessuchashauntedcastles,graveyardsorruins）.

HoraceWalpole:

hismasterpieceisCastleofOtranto.

AFarewelltoArmsbyE.Hemingway

A.Thetheme:

1.Thetitleitselfhasastronganti-warnotion.Thenoveldescribestheconditionofmaninasocietyupsetbytheviolenceofwar.Thestoryisaboutwarandlove.Barkley'

sdyingisdirectlyassociatedandinterwovenwiththeeffectofwar,herdeathisacondemnationofthewar.

2.Henry'

sbeliefinpatriotismofwarfare,histrustinreligion,hishopeindoctor,andhisloveforandfromBarkley,arealldefeatedbytherealityinthewar.Hecomestoseethattheworldisfullofcruelty,setback,failure,disillusionment,anddeath.

B.TheArtistry:

1.Thestoryistoldinthefirstperson.Thenarratoristheheroofthenovel.

2.Thelanguageisaspare,tightreportorialprosebasedonsimplesentencestructure.

3.Repetitionofkeywords;

concisedialogue.

4.Symbolism:

1）.Themountainimage（nature）,istheimageoflifeandhome,withadry-coldweather,withpeaceandquiet,withlove,dignity,health,andhappiness.

2）.Theplainimage（society）,istheimageofwaranddeath,withlow-lyingplains,withrainandfog,withdisease,suffering,nervousness,waranddeath.

3）.Therainimage,suggestsdifficulty,misfortuneanddisaster.Theword"

rain"

appearsinthenovelforover30times.

HistoricalBackground:

twoopposingclasses—thebourgeoisieandtheproletariat,andthecontradictionbetweenthem;

ChartistMovement;

coloniessetup,BritishEmpire.

SchoolsofLiteratureandFamousNovelists:

1.Classicism（emphasisonreason;

followingsomelawsandrulesdrawnfromGreekandRomanworks;

theunitiesoftime,placeandaction;

normanddecorum）

JaneAusten（1775-1817）:

Aclassicalwriter,shedisplaysherrealisticvisioninclassicalstyle;

shesolvedtheproblemoftherelationofarttolife,wroteofordinarythingsandcommoncharacters;

herthemesareaboutloveandmarriageoftheyoungpeople;

herfemaleexquisitetouchhasnomatch.Hernoveliscalled“novelofmanners”.

PrideandPrejudice:

Itshowshergeneralviewonloveandmarriage.Throughseveraltypesofmarriage,sheexplainsherideaofbeingrationalinloveandmarriage.

SenseandSensibility:

ladiesandgentlemen,loveandmarriage.

2.Romanticism（emphasisonemotion,individuality,subjectivity,freedom,imagination,exaggeration,primitivism,celebrationofnaturalbeautyandsimplelife）

WalterScott（1771-1832）:

Aromantic,thefounderandgreatmasterofthehistoricalnovel.Hewrote30novelsinall.Inhistoricalnovel,principalcharacterandeventarehistoricalandminoronesarefictitious;

combinationofhistoricalfactsandromanticimagination;

theinfluenceofhisromantichistoricalnovelhasspreadalloverEuropeandAmerica,andhasremainedoneofthemostpopularliterarytypesrightuptothepresent.HollywoodowesagreatdebttoScott.

Ivanhoe:

AnovelaboutthehistoryofEngland.ItscentralconflictisthestruggleoftheAnglo-SaxonpeasantryagainsttheiroppressorstheNormanlords.TheminorconflictisthecontradictionbetweenRichardIandhisbrotherPrinceJohn.Therearevividdescriptionsofvariousstrataofpeople.

TheHeartofMidlothian

TheHeartofMidlothian:

AnovelonthehistoryofScotland,issetin1736.Theauthorcombinedthefateoftheindividualwiththeimportanthistoricalevent,throughwhichhereflectedtheconflictbetweencountryandtownthenationalcontradictionbetweenScotlandandEnglandandshowedthetremendousforceofthepeople.ThroughthedifferentroadsthetwosistersJennieandEffietakeandtheirfates,Scotttriestoshowatruththatguilt,thoughitmayattaintemporalsplendour,cannevergiverealhappiness;

andthatthepathsofvirtue,thoughseldomthoseofworldlygreatness,arealwaysofpleasantnessandpeace.TheheroineJennie,acountrygirl,isofhonesty,courage,fortitude,andsternconscience.SheistherepresentativeofScottishnationaldisposition.

3.CriticalRealism:

（sympathyforthelaboringpeople;

exposureandcriticismofthesocialevil;

failuretoseecorrectwayout.）

1）.CharlesDickens:

thegreatestnovelistofthe19thcentury;

therepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealism,hisremark“civilizationandbarbarismwalkedthisboastfulIslandforward”;

goodatdepictingshabbygenteel,themiseryandsufferingsofthecommonpeople

periodone:

naï

veyouthfuloptimismwithhumorandwishfulthinking.OliveTwist:

attackonthedehumanizingworkhousesystemandthedark,criminalunderworldlife;

happyending-hisoptimisticbelief.

Periodtwo:

excitementandirritation.DavidCopperfield

Periodthree:

intensifyingpessimism.ATaleofTwoCities:

withFrenchRevolutionasbackground;

characters:

Dr.Manette,MadameDefarge,StEvremonde;

exposureofthecruelaristocracy,respectforthosebenevolentpeople,claimforsocialreformandhumanity;

wherethereisoppressionthereisresistance

FeaturesofC.Dickens’snovels:

1.criticalrealism:

2.differentthoughtsshownatdifferentperiods:

3.writingtechnique:

well-designedinterestingplot;

character—individuality;

simplicityoflanguage;

humourstyle;

dramaticexaggeration;

detaileddescription;

uniqueabilityinwritingpoorchildren.

2）.W.M.Thackeray:

hissatiricalportrayaloftheupperstrataofsociety.

VanityFair:

ANovelwithoutaHero:

aclassicalexampleofsocialsatire;

snobberyandhypocrisyoftheEnglishbourgeoisandaristocraticsociety.

Characters:

BeckySharp—anadventuress,heronlyaspirationinlifeistogainwealthandpositionbyanymeans

AmeliaSedley—atame,sentimentalbutuselesswoman.

3）.TheBronteSisters:

Charlotte