最新精校解析Word版高考英语考情揭秘热身卷四Word格式.docx
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tionofmasterworks.
CourseNo.158
InMyFavoriteUniverse,world-famousphysicistanddirectoroftheHaydenPknetariumNeildcGrasscTysontakesyouonaspiritedandintellectuallyinterestingjourneythroughtheuniverseandallitshistory,frombeforethebigbangtothemostlikelywaysinwhichtheentireuniversemightend.
CourseNo.6299
InTheHistoryoftheBible:
TheMakingoftheNewTestamentCanon,NewYorkTimesbest-sellingauthorandprofessorBartD.EhrmanrevealsthesecrethistorybehindthemakingoftheNewTestament,includinghowandwheneachbookwaswrittenandwhyitwaschosentobeincluded.
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1.Whocantellyousomethingaboutthespace?
A.BartD.Ehrman.
B.NeildcGrasscTyson.
C.ArthurT.Benjamin.
D.RichardBrertell.
2.HowmuchisCourseNo.158onDVDdeliveredtoyourhouse?
A.$6.95.
B.$9.95.
C.$11.95.
D.$14.95.
3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Collegecoursesstudiedinhome.
B.Collegecourseslearnedonline.
C.Someworld-famouslectures.
D.Fourinterestingbooksindiscount.
2、
ItissafetosaythatGeorgeBernardShaw(1856—1950),theIrish-bornwriter,ismorefamousforbeingGeorgeBernardShawthanheisforhiswritingstoday.FewofShaw’smorethan60plays,novelsandessaysareperformedorreadanymore.AndyetShawgenuinelyhelpedmakeourmodernworld.Althoughyou'
dbeluckytogetachancetoseeoneofhisdramastoday,
in
histime
he
turnedthetheaterintoavehicleforthediscussionofsocialissues,notonlyinBritainbuton
the
stageof
world.InawayShawwassomeonewhocreatedthemoderncultureofBritain.
Wherethetheaterhadbeendominatedbyentertainment,Shawusedittoteachpeopletheimportanceofpayingattentiontotheissuesoftheirday.Theplight(苦难)ofthepoorandtheworkingclass,thesituationofwomenandtheinstitutionsofsociety,suchastheeducationsystem一Shawwasamongthemostwell-knownfiguresmakingthesetopicscentraltopublicdebate.Hisfirstplay,Widoxvers'
Houses(1892)9dealswiththequestionofslum(贫民窟)housing.HisMrsWarren'
sProfession(1893)broughtacontroversialtopictothestage.
Shawwasanimportantmoverandshakerinnewpoliticalmovementstoo.HewasanearlymemberoftheFabianSociety,whicharguedforthesocialistcauseintheUK.Shawwasalsothefounder(in1895)ofoneofthenowmostfamouscollegesintheworld,theLondonSchoolofEconomics.
Iffewofhisworkshavereallystoodthetestoftime,manyofhisquotationshavebecomepartofthefurnitureoftheEnglishlanguage.“Youthiswastedontheyoung,”hewrote.Healsoknewhowtosumupapoliticalphilosophy(哲学)inafewmemorablewords.Forinstance:
“AgovernmentthatrobsPetertopayPaulcanalwaysdependonthesupportofPaul.
1.Shaw'
sinfluenceonthemodernworldcomesmainlyfrom__________.
A.thechangeshebroughttotheBritishculture
B.hisphilosophiesontheroleofgovernment
C.hisawarenessofsocialproblemsofhisday
D.thesupportfortheLondonSchoolofEconomics
2.Widowers'
Housesisaplaythatmainlyfocuseson
______.
A.thefailureoftheUKeducationsystem
B.thehousingproblemsofpoorpeople
C.robberyincidentsinslumareas
D.socialistmovementsintheUK
3.BydescribingShaw’squotationsas“partofthefurnitureoftheEnglishlanguage”,theauthormeansthatShaw’swords
________.
A.havebecomethebestpartofEnglish
B.havegreatlydevelopedtheEnglishlanguage
C.havemadetheEnglishlanguagephilosophical
D.havebecomeaninseparablepartoftheEnglishlanguage
4.WhichofthefollowingaboutGeorgeBernardShaw'
sworksisTRUE?
A.Theyshouldbeadaptedformodernreaders.
B.Theyaremostlyaboutthelivesofworkingclass.
C.Theydealwithimportantsocialissuesoftheirday.
D.Mostofthemarestillperformedonthestageoftheworldtoday.
3、
What’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowers?
Ifyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.
Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm(算法)”forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.
Asthefieldofanimalcognition(认知)appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;
hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.
Buthowevertheyperceive(感知)orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.
1.Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s?
A.Memory.
B.Movementrules.
C.Rewardcalculating.
D.Informationprocessing.
2.Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds?
A.Math.
B.Biology.
C.Ecology.
D.Psychology.
3.Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds?
A.Bysettingthemfree.
B.Bymovingflowers.
C.Bymatchingview.
D.Bymakingmaps.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Hummingbirdsand
B.eesB.HummingbirdsintheLab
C.NewTrendsinStudyingBees
D.ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBees
4、
StudiesshowfarmlandinAfricaisoftenlackinginimportantnutrients.Butresearcherssayacombinationoffarmingmethodsmayhelp.
Researcherswonderhowtoincreaseproductionwithoutnecessarilyclearingmorelandtogrowadditionalcrops.Americanresearcherssaythatcanhappenwithgreateruseofanagriculturalsystemcalledperennation.Itmixesfoodcropswithtreesandperennialplants—thosethatreturnyearafteryear.
SoilscientistJohnReganoldsays,"
Oneofthemajorproblemsisthatthesoilsarefairlypoorinmostoftheregions.Sohowdoyougrowfoodonpoorsoils?
Therehavetobefoodproductionsystemsthatcanbuildthesoilandimprovethefield.”
Mr.Reganoldsayspoorsoilsmayhaveresultedfromyearsofweatheringthatwashedawaymanynutrients.Hesayssomefarmersmayhavedonemoreharmthangood.
“Theyhavebeenactuallyusingfarmingpracticeswherethey’renotputtinginorganicmatter.They'
renotputtinginfertilizers.Theycan'
taffordthosethings.Anditjustrunsthesoildown.Sothey’reworseningthesituation."
ThescientistsaysthewordperennationdefinesthreesystemsthatarealreadyusedinAfrica.Theoldestofthethree
iscalledevergreenagriculture.
This
is
where
farmersplanttreeswiththeir
crops.FarmersinAfricahave
beendoingthisforsixtyyears,
but
it
seems
to
begrowinginpopularity.
ThemethodisgainingwidespreaduseincountriessuchasNiger,BurkinaFaso,MalawiandZambia.Thetreesareplantedamongmaize(玉米),milletorsorghumcrops.Theynotonlyaddnitrogentothesoilthroughtheirroots,butalsothroughtheirleaveswhentheyfalloffandbreakdown.Atothertimesoftheyear,thetreescanprotectplantsfromstrongsunlight.
JohnReganoldsaysheknowsofonewomanwhohashadgreatsuccesswithperennation.
“She’sagrandmotherinherfifties.HernameisRhodaMangyanaandshestartedusingthissystemabouttwentyyearsago.Andheryieldsinitiallywereaboutatonofmaize.Nowwithagoodyearshegetsfourtonsperhectare,fourtimeswhatshewasgetting."
1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto
A.tellpeoplehowtoincreaseproduction
B.introduceanagriculturalsysteminAfrica
C.