英文论文Word格式.docx

英文论文Word格式.docx

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Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltgratitudetothosewhohaveofferedmeallkindsofhelpinaccomplishingthisgraduationpaper.

Firstofall,Iowegreatindebtednesstomysupervisor,MsGuanJie,whohashelpedmethroughoutthedevelopmentandrevisionofthispaper.Shehaspatientlyreadseveraldraftsofmypaper.Inaddition,herinsightfulandconstructivesuggestionshavecontributedagreatdealtomypaper.Withoutherguidanceandencouragement,Icouldnothaveaccomplishedthispaperontime.

Besides,myspecialthanksalsogotomyparents.TheyhavehelpedmealotwithmystudyinYangzhouduringthepastyears.Withouttheirconcernandsupport,Icouldneverhavecompletedthepapersmoothly.

Contents

Acknowledgement1

AbstractinEnglish3

AbstractinChinese4

Chapter1IntroductionandOverview5

Chapter2TheConceptandNecessityofNote-takinginInterpreting6

Chapter3ThePrincipleandContentsofNote-takinginInterpreting7

Chapter4TheSymbolsofNote-takinginInterpreting8

4.1Letters8

4.2Drawings8

4.3MathematicalSigns8

4.4Abbreviations9

4.5Self-createdSigns9

Chapter5TheTrainingofNote-takinginInterpreting10

5.1QuickSearchStageofKeyInformation10

5.2ProficientMemoryStageofNoteSymbols10

5.3ConsolidationandImprovementStageofNotes10

Chapter6Conclusion11

Reference12

Abstract

Interpretingisahighlyimmediatetranslationpractice．Tobeaqualifiedinterpreter，youneedtohaveagoodbilingualability，richknowledgeaswellassomerelevantskills.Thesceneofinterpretationisverycomplicated,sointerpretersoftencannotsuccessfullycompletethetaskofinterpretationonlybymemoryof.Theyhavetorelyonthehelpoftakingsomenotes.Therefore,note-takingisofessentialimportanceininterpretinganditisveryimportantininterpretingpractice.Thispapersummarizesfivekindsofnote-takingsymbolscommonlyusedandillustrateseachonebyone.Besides,thispaperputsforwardpracticaltrainingmethodsofnote-taking.

KeyWords:

InterpretingNote-takingSymbol

摘要

口译作为一种即时性很强的特殊翻译活动，除了要求译者在宏观上具有较强的双语能力、丰富的文化背景知识外，还要求译者具备相应的技能。

口译的现场性非常强，译员单凭自身大脑的记忆往往不能顺利地完成口译任务，必须借助笔记的帮助。

笔记作为口译的一个重要方面，在口译实践中发挥着举足轻重的作用。

本文也归纳了5类常用的笔记符号，并逐一进行了例证，同时，提出了切实可行的笔记训练方式。

关键词：

口译笔记符号

Chapter1IntroductionandOverview

Interpretationisakindoflinguisticsymbolthroughlisteningtoandanalyzingtheinformationexpressedinthesourcelanguage,whichcan 

betranslatedintothetargetlanguagetoachievetheverbalcommunicationactivities.Although,itisalsoabranchoftranslation,interpretationisverydifferentfromthewrittentranslation.Itisextemporaneousandalsoisonthesite.Itisnotonlyasenseofverbalbehavior,butalsoakindofcommunicativebehaviorrelatingtomanylevelsofknowledgewithextemporaneousness,comprehensionandsoon.Asahighlyspecializedprofession,interpretationisanoperationalactivityofcomprehensivelanguageintegratingtheabilitiesoflistening,speaking,readingandwriting.Itisakindofthree-dimensionalandalternateactivityofinformationdissemination.

Chapter2TheConceptandNecessityofNote-taking

inInterpreting

Note-takingininterpretingisamethodofnotes.Interpreterswillusesimplesymbols,charactersandsoontoquicklynotethekeycontentsofthespeechandotherinformationwithinashortperiodoftime.ItappliestobothChineseandEnglish.Unliketheshorthand,itonlyrequirestonotethekeypointsoftheinformationandlogicalstructuresoflanguage.Itreflectsthelogicalrelationbetweensentencesbysymbols,characters,slashes,aswellashyphensandsoon.Thenote,thecarrierofmemory,hasthenatureofpersonalityandtemporarypreservation,butitisnotthetextofinformation.Theroleofthenoteisthatithelpsinterpreterstoconcentrateontheirnote-takingandgivecueswhentheydotheinterpreting.

Thesuccessofinterpretationdependslargelyontheabilityofinterpreterstorecordtheperceptiveinformation.Recordsaredividedinto"

memory"

and"

notes"

.Memoryconsistsofshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Herethememorymentionedininterpretationismainlyshort-termmemory,butinfact,aperson'

sshort-termmemoryislimited.AccordingtoatestbyChina'

spsychologists,apersoncanrememberamaximumofsixorsevenwordsofnon-coherentmeaningorasetof10-digitnumbersatatime,or,atmost,itcancatchasentencecomposedofabout20wordsofcoherentmeaning.Therefore,peoplecannotdealwithinterpretationwithlargeamountofinformation.Interpretersmayrelyonthenoteswhentheyencounterthefollowingsituationsorspeech:

meetings,negotiations,lectures,courthearingsandpressconferences.Theyhighlydemandforperfectionandaccuracyinconsecutiveinterpretationandotheroccasions:

largeamountsofparallelcontentsinthespeech,orastringofpersonalnames,placenames,numbers,yearsandtermsandsoforth.

Chapter3ThePrincipleandContentsofNote-taking

Bothmemoryandnote-takingarenecessarytointerpreters.Interpretersshouldfocusongraspingmainpoints.Whentheylisten,theymainlyrelyonmemoryandtakesomenotesforsupplementation.

"

Note-takingininterpretingisquitedifferentfromthedetailednotesinclassesorthewordforwordinshorthand.Itvariesfrompersontoperson,butitshouldbelegible.Itisbettertousesomecommonsymbols."

Whentheytakenotes,theprinciplesareasfollows:

thefunctionofnotesistohelprecallandreducetheburdenofmemory,andtoanalyzetheresults.Conceptualinformationshouldbenotedindrawings.However,thelogicalinformationshowsitscontextwithparagraphs,linesandsymbols.Inaddition,thenotesymbolsshouldbeclearandsimplesothattheycanbeconnectedtothewords.Note-takingisanassistingtoolforinterpretation.Itisnotthemainbodyofinterpretation.Therefore,interpretersshouldpayattentiontothespeakers’facialexpressions,gestures,andotherinformationwhentheytakenotes.

Theprocessofinterpretationisanimpromptudeliveryoftheoverallmeaningofthetext.Thus,thefunctionofnotesistopointoutthedifficulties,anditcansupportshort-termmemoryandavoidoblivionandloss.Inaddition,italsohasthefunctionoflogicalanalysisandpreservation,sothatinterpreterscanorganizeparagraphsofthetextclearlyandsavesometime.Ifthenotesaretakenwell,interpreterscanusethemfreelyandgiveagoodplayonthesite.Thenthenotestheymadecanevenmakeupforthedeficienciesinotherskillstosomeextent.Note-takingininterpretingactsasthesupportformemoryanditisnotadvisabletotakenoteswordforword.Generallyspeaking,thetimeforinterpretationisveryshortduringthelisteningprocess.Interpretersshouldfocusonkeypoints,suchasattitudes,viewpoints,plan,time,placesandspecializedtermsandsoon.Thekeywordswillgivehintstotheinterpretersaboutthemeaningexpressedbythespeakers,andthen,theycanmasterthecausesandconsequencesofthecontentsandthelogicalrelationsofthecontext.

Chapter4TheSymbolsofNote-takinginInterpreting

Inordertoquicklynotethekeycontentsinthelimitedtime,interpreterscanusesomesymbolstosupporttheirmemory.Thefollowingsymbolsareforyourreference:

4.1Letters

Therearemanyadvantagestotakelettersassymbols,becausetherearemanylettersinEnglish.Theyaredifferentinwriting,sotheycanrepresentdifferentmeanings.LikeLatinletters,theyhavedifferentwritingsandtheycanbeusedtoimplydifferentmeanings.Allthe26Englishletterscanbeusedasthesymbolsofnotes.

B"

canbeexpressedasthemeaningof"

but"

etc.

C"

canstandfor"

century"

andotherwords,etc.

P"

canrepresent"

politics,politicalpartiesandpoliticalpower"

V"

canmean"

victoryandsuccess"

Z"

canbereferredtothe"

thetortuousroad"

4.2Drawings

Whentakingnotes,somepictorialsymbolscanmakenotes.Theylooksoclearthattheycanbeeasilyremembered.Forexample:

○"

canberepresentedas"

entiretyandcompleteness"

↑"

canbesaidas"

increase,improveandadd"

☆"

highlights,mainpoints,thinkhighlyof"

△"

canbereferredto"

peak,vertexandleadership"

*"

canbeexpressedas"

feature,characteristicsandrepresent"

4.3MathematicalSigns

Mathematicalsymbols,suchas"

+"

、"

一"

X"

÷

="

andsoon,aresimpleandaccurate.Theyareidealsignsfornote-taking.Forexample:

and,add,togetherwith”,etc.

canrepresentthenegativemeaning,suchas"

error,no,not,oppose"

andsoon.

>

greaterthan,morethan,superiorto"

√"

canbereferredtopositivemeaning,suchas"

correct,consent,good"

∵"

because,dueto,thanks"

4.4Abbreviations

AlargenumberofcommonlyusedEnglishwordsinnotescanbeusedintheformoftheirabbreviations.Forexample:

TX"

refersto"

tax"

"

taxation"

.

Ed"

education"

Co"

company"

Al"

although"

Tr"

trade"

4.5Self-createdSigns

Inpractice,interpreterscancreatethesymbolswhichsuittheirpersonaluseaccordingtotheirpronunciationandshapefeatures.Forexample:

?

standsfor"

trials,doubts"

3R"

threerepresentatives"

SZ"

specialzone"

.

!

caution,payattention"

Chapter5TheTrainingofNote-takinginInterpreting

Thetrainingofnote-takingskillsshould