考研英语二真题及答案Word格式.docx
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C.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingimpressionists
25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___
A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctions
C.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArts(编辑
Text2
IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'
sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'
ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"
She'
sthetalkerinourfamily."
Theroomburstintolaughter;
themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."
It'
strue"
heexplained."
WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'
tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'
dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."
ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.
ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'
70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"
DivorceTalk"
thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen--gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.
Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:
"
Hedoesn'
tlistentome"
ttalktome."
IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.
Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.
26.Whatismostwives'
mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?
A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Shsringhousework.
27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.
Ageneratingmotivation.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamage
Dcreatingpressure
28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______
A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomen
B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation
C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples
Dafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse
29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext?
A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.
B.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities.
C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.
D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.
30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______
A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk
B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon
C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.
DabriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker
Txet3
overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.
“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”
ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&
Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.
Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.
Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.
“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&
Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”
Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.
31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.
[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgradually
[C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns(编辑:
)
32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____
[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’habits
[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities
[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’buyingpower
[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits
33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?
[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver
34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____
[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation
[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificexperiments
35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____
[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biased
Text4
ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;
thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;
thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;
thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;
andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.
Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.
Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.
In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecom