考研英语二真题及答案Word格式.docx

考研英语二真题及答案Word格式.docx

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C.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingimpressionists

25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___

A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctions

C.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArts（编辑

Text2

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'

sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'

ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"

She'

sthetalkerinourfamily."

Theroomburstintolaughter;

themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."

It'

strue"

heexplained."

WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'

tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'

dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'

70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"

DivorceTalk"

thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen--gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:

"

Hedoesn'

tlistentome"

ttalktome."

IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.

26.Whatismostwives'

mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Shsringhousework.

27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans___.

Ageneratingmotivation.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamage

Dcreatingpressure

28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomen

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

Dafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext?

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.

DabriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

Txet3

overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&

Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&

Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.

31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.

[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgradually

[C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns（编辑：

）

32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____

[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’habits

[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’buyingpower

[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?

[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver

34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____

[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation

[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificexperiments

35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____

[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biased

Text4

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;

thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;

thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;

thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;

andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.

Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecom