定语从句复习的总体目标Word文档格式.docx

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定语从句复习的总体目标Word文档格式.docx

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定语从句复习的总体目标Word文档格式.docx

1.定语从句的功能。

riddles

1.It’sakindofanimal,whichisournationaltreasure.

2.Itisakindofhouseholdappliancesthatcankeepfoodfresh.

3.It’sakindofredflowers,whichcanrepresentlove.

4.It’sacountry,wherethereisthelargestpopulationintheworld.

5.It’safestival,whenpeoplecanplayjokesoneachother.

Summary:

定语从句的功能是描述人和物

2.连接词的基本用法

Examples:

Thee-mailthat/whichMichaelsenttomewasabouttheschedulefortomorrow’smeeting.

Theparcelwhich/thatarrivedjustnowwasforProfessorSmith.

DoyouknowJack’sfatherwho/thathappenstobeworkinginyourcompany.

Davidisastudentwho/whom/thatyoucansafelydependon.

Thetouristwantedtobookaroomwhose/ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

Thesephotosremindedtheoldmanofthepastwhen/inwhichheservedinthearmy.

Thisisalabwhere/inwhichthefamousscientistspentmostofhislifedoingexperiments.

Nooneknowsthereasonwhytheprofessorgotsoangrythismorning.

Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhichwemet.

Idon’tknowthepersontowhomheisspeaking.

Summaries:

1>

关系代词:

主格

宾格

所有格

指代人

Who 

that

Whom 

who 

Whose

指代物

Which 

that 

Whose/ofwhich

注:

1.关系代词为宾语时可以省略。

2.关系代词紧跟在介词后,只能使用whom或which。

2>

关系副词:

在从句中充当状语

When(时间):

inwhich,onwhich等 

where(地点):

inwhich,onwhich等 

why(原因):

forwhich

3>

whose的用法

a.在从句中充当定语,既可指人也可指物

b.指物,可以用ofwhich代替

Consolidation:

● 

Mozartwasafamousmusicianwhosechildhoodwasmiserable.

Thelonelymanlivedinahousewhose/ofwhichthewindows/thewindowsofwhichfacedsouth.

3.非限制性定语从句与定语从句的区别

ATaleofTwoCities,whichIborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday,isaverytouchingnovel.

David,whoisoneofmybestfriends,comesfromNewYork.

Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,whichshewantedtobe.(职业后用which)

.非限制性定语从句不作限定性描述,只是作为补充说明,即使省略不会使该名词意义产生歧义。

.非限制性定语从句与被说明的名词之间有逗号隔开.

.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词如下:

who

who

whose

Which

Whose 

ofwhich

4>

.非限制性定语从句可以指代整个主句,连接词只可用which或as

Which与as的区别

Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.

Thebridgeisreallywonderful,asisshowninthepicture.

HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.

Asisknown/reported/expected/mentioned/accepted 

/oftenthecase

Summaries:

a.as:

翻译为“正如”;

用于句首或句中;

主动或被动,

b.which:

翻译为“这”;

用于句中;

主动,

4.that的特殊用法

Example:

Iwilltellyousomethingthathappenedonenight.Ifeltlonelyathome,sotheonlythingthatIcoulddowastoseeafilm,whichisverymeaningful.AlthoughthisisnotthefirstEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen,thisisthemostmovingfilmthathasbeenshowninthecinema.ThethingsandpersonsthatIsawinthefilmwillbeunforgettable.Icanrememberalmosteveryscenethatappearedinthefilm.Afterseeingthefilm,Ihavelearnedalot.IfeelthatIamnotthepersonthatIusedtobe.Thefilmisveryfamous,whichisknowntous.DoyouwanttoknowthenameofthefilmaboutwhichItoldyoujustnow?

Whichisthefilmthatyoulikemost?

先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词(last)或表示强调的词(only/very/just/right)

先行词为不定代词(all、much、little、few、none、some、something、anything、everything、nothing)

先行词被every、each、all、any、little、few、no、some等修饰时

先行词为人和物的词组

5>

引导词在从句中做表语。

6>

句中有which、who、

当先行词是代词he、they或不定代词anyone、those等时,关系代词用who.

Consolidation:

Whichofhissongsthathesangdidyoulikemost?

TitanicisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

ThelastplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.

AnotebookistheverythingthatI’mlookingfor.

Allthatyouwantwillbeyours.

Hewhoplayswithfirewillgetburntintheend.

Anybodywhocansolvetheproblemwillbepraised.

HerememberedeveryplacethathehadbeentoinChina.

Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthatheyrememberedintheschool.

That’stheonlystepthatwecantakeatthemoment.

Myhomevillageisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.

(二)、定语从句的特殊用法

1.特殊的关系代词as、than、but

Heneverhesitatestomakesuchcriticismsasareconsideredhelpfultoothers.

HeboughtmoreEnglishreferencebooksthanwereneeded.

Thereisnomotherbutlovesherchild.

a.such/thesame/+先行词+as

比较thesame….as和thesame…that的区别

Iboughtthesamecoatashepresentedtoyou.(同样的)

Heisthesamepersonthatyouarelookingfor.(同一个)

b.比较级+先行词+than

c.否定词+先行词+but(but本身具有否定含义)

2.特殊的先行词

.Way+that/inwhich/省略

ReadingisagoodwaythatwelearnEnglish.

.case/situation/system+关系副词where

Weneedaneducationsystemwheretherolesofteachersshouldbechanged..

Weneedaneducationsystemthatishelpfultochildren.

.Occasion+关系副词when

HewasabornsailorandIcan’trememberanyoccasionwhenhehadanysortofaccidentwiththeboat.

3.特殊的句型

Heworkedtillmidnightbywhichtimeallofhiscolleagueshadleft.

Hearrivedat7,atwhichtimewewerehavingdinner.

Heworkedallday,duringwhichtimehedidn’teatanything.

Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweshouldwaitforhim.

(三)难点突破

1.关系副词的用法:

Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.

I’llneverforgetthetimewhichwespenttogether.

Heleftthecitywhere/inwhichhelived.

Americaisthecountrywhichhehasneverbeento.

TherearesomeplacesinAsiawhere/inwhichpeopleareinpoverty.

JiaotongUniversityistheschoolwhere/towhichhewasadmitted.

Heputtheumbrellaintheclassroomwherehetookit.

Thisistheplacewherehelived/worked/stayed/went.

Thisismyhometownwhere/inwhichpeoplearekind.

Shanghaiistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.

Summary:

1.将先行词带入从句中,如果先行词前需要介词,连接词就应该使用关系副词。

2.关系副词可用介词加关系代词取代,带介词的选择应根据先行词或从句动词的搭配。

2.不同从句的区别

.定语从句与同位语从句的区别

You’lltellmethenewsthatyou’vebeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(同位语从句)

You’lltellmethenewsthatcanmakemeexcited.(定语从句)

同位语从句:

表示先行词的内容;

that不可换成which

定语从句:

表示先行词的特征;

that可换成which

.定语从句与状语从句的区别

Shekepteverythingwhereshecouldfindit.(状语从句)

Shanghaiistheplacewhereyouspentyourchildhood.(定语从句)

状语从句:

没有先行词;

where不可换成inwhich

有先行词;

where可以换成inwhich

比较such…as和such…that的区别:

TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.

TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.

a.as在从句中充当成分,意思为“这样的……如/像”

b.that在从句中不充当成分,意思为“如此……以至于”

Childrenlikesuchbooksashavelotsofillustrations.

Thesebookshavesuchbeautifulillustrationsthatchildrenlikethemverymuch.

.定语从句与强调结构的区别

ItisShanghaiwhereyouwereborn.

ItisinShanghaithatyouwereborn.

Itwas1949whennewChinawasfounded.

Itwasin1949thatnewChinawasfounded.

ItisinShanghaiwhereyouwerebornthattheExpowillbeheldin2008.

(四)定语从句的应用

1.常考选择题分析

1).JanecametosettledowninNewYorkin1995,______,sometimelater,shebecameamiddleschoolteacher.

A.where 

 

B.when 

C.atwhich 

D.that

2).Hehaslotsoffriends,butnoneof_____arereliable.

A.whom 

B.them 

C.who 

D.which

3).Canyousolvesuchproblems___raisedbytheaudience?

A.whatwere 

B.aswere 

C.thatwere 

D.whichwere

4).Meetingwithmyunclewasanunforgettablemoment,____I’llneverforget.

A.inwhich 

B.that 

D.one

5).Ishallneverforgetthosedays______Ilivedinthearmywiththesoldiers,______hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.that;

which 

B.when;

C.when;

D.which;

that

6).Itisintheveryfactory__________weworkedlastyear_____wewillworkfortwodaysnextmonth.

A.that;

that 

B.where;

which 

C.which;

where 

D.where;

2.定语从句在中译英中的应用。

1) 

乐于助人的人有责任心。

Thosewhoarereadytohelpothershaveresponsibility.

2) 

他迟到的原因是他起晚了。

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.

3) 

去年他回到了自己出生和成长的地方。

Lastyearhereturnedtotheplacewherehewasbornandbroughtup.

Morepractice:

1).她当时没有意识到自己犯了一个多么严重的错误。

(aware)

Shewasnotawareofwhataseriousmistakeshehadmadeatthattime.

2).不愿听取别人建议的人一定会以失败告终。

(end)

Thosewhoareunwillingtotake/followothers’advice/suggestionsaresuretoendupinfailure.

3).你无论给他哪一本书都会使他满意,这一点很清楚。

(which)

Whicheverbookyouwillgivehimwillsatisfyhim,whichisveryclear.

4).对于学过三四年英语的人来说,与别人交谈时出些差错是很自然的.(Itisnatural)

ItisnaturalforthosewhohavelearnedEnglishforthreeorfouryearstomakesomemistakeswhiletalkingwithothers.

5).使他兴奋的是,他在山顶上看到了他一生中从未看到过的奇妙景象.(Tohis…)

Tohisexcitement,onthetopofthemountainhesawthewonderfulviewwhichhehadneverseeninhislife.

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