外文翻译机器人文档格式.docx

外文翻译机器人文档格式.docx

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aprogrammableandversatile,usedtomovematerials,parts,tools,operatingmachines;

ortoperformdifferenttaskshavetochangeandProgrammableactionspecializedsystems.

2.Compositionoftherobot

ThecompositionoftherobotRobotsingeneralbytheexecutingagency,drives,detectiondevicesandcontrolsystem,etc..Implementingagency,therobotbody,thebuttocksgenerallyusethespaceforopen-chainlinkages,themovementofwhichtheDeputy（rotateormovetheDeputyVice-）oftenreferredtoasjoints,andjointsshallbethenumberofrobotsareusuallyafewdegreesoffreedom.Accordingtojointconfigurationtypesandthedifferentformsofmovementcoordinates,therobotimplementingagenciescanbedividedintorectangulartype,cylindricalcoordinatetype,polarcoordinatetypeandothertypesofjointcoordinatetype.Foranthropomorphicconsiderations,oftentherelevantpartsoftherobotbodyareknownasthebase,waist,arm,wrist,hand（gripperorendeffector）andtheMinistryofwalking（formobilerobot）,etc..Drivedeviceisdrivenbymovementofthebodyimplementingagencies,inaccordancewiththedirectivesissuedbythesignalcontrolsystem,bymeansofdynamiccomponents,therobotactionisneeded.Itistheinputsignal,theoutputistheline,theamountofangulardisplacement.Driverobotismainlyusedinelectricdrives,suchassteppermotors,servomotors,etc.Inaddition,thereisalsohydraulic,pneumatic,etc.drives.

Detectingdeviceistheroleofreal-timedetectionrobot'

smovementandworkoftherequiredfeedbacktothecontrolsystem,comparedwiththeconfigurationinformation,therighttoadjusttheimplementingagenciestoensuretherobot'

smovementstomeettheintendedrequirements.Asasensordetectingdevicecanbedividedintotwocategories:

oneisinternalinformationsensorsfordetectingtheinternalsituationinvariouspartsofrobots,suchasthejointposition,velocity,acceleration,etc.,andthemeasuredinformationasafeedbackthesignalsenttothecontroller,toformaclosed-loopcontrol.Theotherisexternalinformationsensors,usedtoobtaininformationabouttheoperationofrobotsandotherobjectsandexternalenvironmentofinformation,sothattherobotmovestoadapttochangingcircumstances,sothattoachieveahigherlevelofautomation,eventhemachinepersonhasacertain"

feel"

totheintelligentdevelopment,suchasvisual,soundandotherexternalsensorssensegivenobjectofwork,informationabouttheworkingenvironment,theuseofsuchinformationconstitutesamajorfeedbackloop,whichwillgreatlyenhancetheworkoftherobotaccuracy.Controlsystemintwoways.Oneisthecentralizedcontrol,thatis,therobot'

scontrolbyamicrocomputertocomplete.Theotherisdecentralized（level）-typecontrol,whichusesmultiplecomputerstosharethecontrolofrobots,suchaswhenusingtheupperandlowertwocomputerstogethertocompletetherobotcontrol,thehostoftenusedforsystemmanagement,communication,kinematicsanddynamicscalculations,tosendcommandstothelower-levelcomputerinformation;

asajuniorfromthemachine,thejointscorrespondingtoaCPU,forinterpolationandservocontrolprocessingoperationstoachieveagivenmovement,tothehostfeedback.Accordingtothedifferentoperationalmissionrequirements,therobotcontrolmodecanbedividedintopointtopointcontrol,continuouspathcontrolandforce（torque）control.

3.HistoryofRobots

RobotHistory1920CzechoslovakiawriterKarelCapekinhis•sci-finovel"

Rossum'

sUniversalRobotscompany"

accordingtoRobota（Czech,intendedto"

labor,slavelabor"

）andRobotnik（Polish,theoriginalintentas"

workers"

）,tocreatea"

robot"

istheword.WorldExpo1939inNewYorkondisplayattheWestinghouseElectricCompanymanufacturedhomerobotElektro.Itiscontrolledbyacable,youcanwalk,say77words,orevensmoke,butstillfarfromtherealchores.Butitgivepeopleavisionofdomesticrobotstobecomemorespecific.Asimovsci-fimasters1942,theUnitedStatesputforwardthe"

ThreeLawsofRobotics."

Althoughthisisonlythecreationofsciencefiction,butlaterbecametheprincipleofacademicresearchanddevelopmentbydefault.•In1948NorbertWeinerpublishedin"

controltheory"

toexplainthemachineinthecommunicationandcontrolfunctionandthenervous,sensoryfunctionofthecommonlaw,firstproposedasthecoreofcomputer-automatedfactory.1954,AmericanGeorge•Dwyercreatedtheworld'

sfirstprogrammablerobotandregisteredpatents.Thismechanicalhandinaccordancewithdifferentprogramsindifferentjobs,sohastheversatilityandflexibility.1956Dartmouthmeeting•MarvinMinskyhasmadehisviewsonintelligentmachines:

SmartMachine"

tocreateanabstractmodelofthesurroundingenvironment,ifyouencounterproblems,fromabstractmodeltofindasolution"

.Thisdefinitionaffectsthesubsequent30yearsofintelligentrobotresearchdirection.DwyerandtheUnitedStatesin1959,inventorJoseph•Ingeborgjoinedhandstocreatethefirstindustrialrobot.Subsequently,theestablishmentoftheworld'

sfirstarobotmanufacturingplant-Unimationcompany.AsIngeborgR&

Dforindustrialrobotsandpublicity,hewasknownasthe"

fatherofindustrialrobots."

AMFInc.in1962,theUnitedStatesproduced"

VERSTRAN"

（meaninguniversalhandling）,andUnimationproducedUnimateasatrulycommercialindustrialrobots,andexportedtocountriesaroundtheworld,settingoffaworldwidestudyofrobotsandrobottheglobe.1962-1,963yearstheapplicationofsensorstoimprovetheoperabilityoftherobot.Peopletryallkindsofsensorsinstalledontherobot,includingthe1961Ernstusedintactilesensors,TomovicandBoni1962,theworld'

sfirst"

smarthand"

ontheuseofpressuresensors,whiletheMcCarthyin1963,hasbeguntoaddvisualsensorinrobotsystem,andin1965,helpedMITlaunchedtheworld'

sfirstwithavisionsensorthatcanidentifyandlocatebuildingblocksoftheroboticsystem.1965JohnsHopkinsUniversityAppliedPhysicsLaboratory•developedBeastrobot.Beasthasbeenthroughsonarsystems,photoelectrictubesandotherdevices,theenvironmentalcorrectionownposition.60mid-20thcentury,theU.S.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,StanfordUniversity,UniversityofEdinburgh,beensetupintherobotlab.TheUnitedStateswiththeriseofthesecond-generationsensorsresearch,"

therefeel"

oftherobot,artificialintelligenceandtoworktowardsit.Theworld'

sfirstintelligentrobotShakeyStanfordResearchInstitutein1968,theUnitedStatesannouncedthattheysuccessfullydevelopedarobotShakey.Itiswithavisionsensor,accordingtotheinstructionsofpeopletodiscoverandcrawlthebuildingblocksofacomputertocontrolit,butthereisaroomsomuch.Shakeycanberegardedastheworld'

sfirstintelligentrobot,beginningthepreludetothethirdgenerationofrobotresearchanddevelopment.1969,IchiroKato,WasedaUniversityLaboratorydevelopedthefirstrobottowalk,walk.IchiroKato,thelong-termcommitmenttoresearchhumanoidrobot,knownas"

thefatherofhumanoidrobot."

Japaneseexpertshasbeentodevelophumanoidrobotsandrobottechnology,knownforentertainment,thengoonestepfurtherhastenedthedevelopmentofHonda'

sASIMOandSony'

sQRIO.In1973theworld'

sfirstrobotandsmallcomputerstoworktogether,theygavebirthtotheU.S.companyCincinnatiMilacronrobotT3.Unimationintroducedin1978,theU.S.generalindustrialrobotPUMA,whichmarkstheindustrialrobottechnologyhasreachedfullmaturity.PUMAisstillworkinthefactoryintheforefront.1984IngeborgpushedrobotHelpmate,therobotcandelivermealstopatientsinthehospitalandgetdrugs,tosende-mail.Inthesameyear,hepredicted:

Iwantrobotstocleanthefloor,cooking,washingouttohelpmetochecksecurity."

In1998DenmarkintroducedLegoRobot（Mind-storms）package,sogetwiththebuilding-blockrobotmanufacturingthesame,relativelysimpleandcanarbitrarilyassembled,therobotstartedtoentertheprivateworld.In1999SonyintroducedAiborobotdog（AIBO）,immediatelysoldout,andfromentertainmentrobotsbecometherobotforwardoneofthewaysordinaryfamily.In2002theU.S.introducedtheiRobotroboticvacuumcleanerRoomba,itcanavoidobstacles,automaticdesignoftheroadroute,butalsointhepowerisinsufficient,automaticallytowardschargingseat.Roombaistheworld'

slargest-sellingandmostcommercialhouseholdrobots.anauthorizedagentiRobotCorporationBeijing:

BeijingScienceandTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Micro-Mesh,Tomohirohttp//wwwmicronetnetcn.InJune2006,MicrosoftlaunchedtheMicrosoftRoboticsStudio,roboticsmodular,unifiedplatform,itbecameincreasinglyevident,Bill•Gatespredictedthathouseholdrobotswillsoonbesweepingtheworld

4.Robotcategoryarticles

Beingborninsciencefiction,like,peoplearefulloffantasyrobot.Perhapsitisbecausethedefinitionoffuzzyrobots,whichgavethepeoplefullofimaginationandcreativespace.Domesticrobo