哈工大英语文化基础英国习题答案文档格式.docx

哈工大英语文化基础英国习题答案文档格式.docx

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throughoutthewholeyear.Ithasasmall

rangeoftemperature，too.

15.Whatarethefactorswhichinfluencethe

climateinBritain?

WhichpartofBritainhas

themostrainfallandwhichpartisthedriest?

Thefactorswhichinfluencetheclimatein

Britainarethefollowingthree：

1）Thesurroundingwatersbalancethe

seasonaldifferences；

2）Theprevailingsouth-westwindsbring

warmandwetairinwinterandkeepthe

temperaturesmoderate；

3）TheNorthAtlanticDrift，awarm

current，passesthewesterncoastofthe

BritishIslesandwarmsthem.

Thenorthwesternparthasthemostrainfall，

whilethesouth-easterncorneristhedriest.

KeytoChapter10

Geography&

HistoryofUK

◆KeytoSectionExercises

SectionA.Geography

I.1.F2.F3.T

II.4.A5.B6.A7.D8.A9.C10.A

SectionB．History

I.1.T2.T3.T4.F5.T

II.6.D7.B8.B9.B10.C

◆KeytoChapterExercises

I.1.T2.F3.F4.T5.F

II.6.A7.D8.D9.D10.B

III.

11.ThetotalareaofBritainisabout

244,110squarekilometers.

12.BritainisseparatedfromtheEuropean

continentbyNorthSea,StraitofDover

andEnglishChannel.

13.ThecapitaloftheScotlandis1）

Edinburgh,thecapitalofWalesis

2）CardiffandthecapitalofNorthern

Irelandis3）Belfast.

14.Englandisthelargestandmost

populousofthethreepoliticaldivisionson

theislandofGreatBritain.

15.Thefirststeamenginewasdevisedby

ThomasNewcomerattheendofthe17th

century,andtheScottishinventorJames

Wattmodifiedandimprovedthedesignin

1765.

IV.

16.TheHundredYears'

War:

itreferstothe

warbetweenEnglandandFrancethatlasted

intermittentlyfrom1337to1453.Thecauses

ofthewarwerepartlyterritorialandpartly

economic.Theterritorialcauseswererelated

withthepossessionbytheEnglishkingsofthe

largeduchyinFrance.Theeconomiccauses

wereconnectedwithclothmanufacturing

townsinFlanders.Besides,England'

sdesire

tostopFrancefromgivingaidtoScotsanda

growingsenseofnationalismweretheother

causes.

17.TheLowlandZone:

theislandofGreat

Britaincanbedividedintotwomajornatural

regions—thelowlandareaandthehighland

area.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainly

highlands;

andtheeastandsoutheastare

mostlylowlands.Thelowlandzonehasa

milderclimateandbettersoilsforfarming.

Historically,mostpeopleinBritainhavelived

inthelowlandzoneratherthanintheharsher

highlandzone.Thelowlandareacomprises

Midland,southernandeasternEngland.

18.NormanConquestof1066:

InJanuary

1066,KingEdward,thelastSaxonking,died

childless.Hehadpromisedtoleavethe

EnglishthronetohiscousinWilliam,buthe

choseHarold,hiswife’sbrotherasking.So

WilliamledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.In

October1066,duringtheimportantbattleof

Hastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilled

him.OneChristmasDay,Williamwascrowned

kingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNorman

ConquestofEngland.TheNormanConquest

of1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventin

Englishhistory.

19.IndustrialRevolution:

Theindustrial

Revolutionreferstothemechanizationof

industryandtheconsequentchangesinsocial

andeconomicorganizationinBritaininthe

late18thandearly19thcenturies.

TheIndustrialRevolutionforevertransformed

thewaypeopleliveandworkinmostpartsof

theworld.Itchangedtheworldsomuchthat

peoplecalleditarevolution.

TypicalinventionsduringtheIndustrial

Revolution:

JohnKay’sflyingshuttlein1733;

JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1766;

RichardArkwright’swaterframein1769;

EdmundCartwright’spowerloomsin1784;

JamesWatt’ssteamenginein1765.

20.TheChartistMovement:

Chartismwasone

ofthemajorpopularreformmovementsofthe

Victorianera.TheChartistssponsoreda

People’sCharterdemandingsuffrageforall

malecitizensoverage21,asecretballot,and

otherrights.Chartistleadersareshownhere

addressingalargecrowdin1848.Mostof

theirdemandseventuallybecamelaw.

TheReformBillof1832wasthefirst

successfulattempttocorrecttheseinequities.

In1836,agroupofskilledworkersandsmall

shopkeepersformedtheLondonWorking

Men’sAssociation.Theydrewupacharterof

politicaldemands（aPeople’sCharter）in1838,

withtheintentionofpresentingitto

Parliament.Ithadsixpoints:

1）thevoteforall

adultmales;

2）votingbysecretballot;

3）equalelectoraldistricts;

4）abolitionof

propertyqualificationsformembersof

Parliament;

5）paymentofmembersof

6）annualParliaments,witha

GeneralElectioneveryJune.

KeytoChapter11

PoliticalSystem&

NationalEconomyofUK

A．PoliticalSystem

I.1.F2.F3.T4.F5.T

II.6.A7.B8.D9.B

III.1０．1）-e2）-a3）-d

B．NationalEconomy

I.1.T2.F3.T

II.4.A5.D6.B7.B8.B9.A

III.1０．1）-ｂ2）-d3）-e

I．1.TheBritishwerethefirstintheworldto

entertheIndustrialRevolution.

2.Themaintextileproducingregionsof

BritainaretheEastMidlands,Yorkshire,

Humberside,andNorthernIreland.

3.AnindustrialcomplexinsuburbanGlasgow

dubbed"

SiliconGlen"

isthecenterof

Scotland’sthrivingtechnologyindustry.

4.Historically,thefinancialservicesindustry

hasbeenbasedinthecityofLondoninan

areacalledtheSquareMile.

5.TheBankofEngland,charteredin1694,

wasnationalizedin1946andistheonlybank

thatissuesbanknotesinEnglandandWales.

6.ThepredecessoroftheEnglishparliament

istheGreatcouncil.

7.Therearethreepoliticaldivisionsonthe

islandofGreatBritain.

8.IntheUK,thepartywhichwinsthesecond

largestnumberofseatsintheHousebecomes

theOpposition,withisoneleader,andformsa

Shadowcabinet.

9.TheToriesweretheforerunnersofthe

ConservativeParty.

10.IntheUnitedKingdom,thepartywhich

winsthesecondnumberofseatsintheHouse

ofCommonsbecomestheofficialOpposition.

II．

11.Constitutionalmonarchy：

Constitutional

monarchymeansthatthepowerofthe

monarchislimitedbythecountry’s

constitution,thelegalauthorityisgivento

Parliament,andtheexecutiveauthoritytothe

government.Theoretically,theQueenhasthe

power，butinreality,shehasnopoweratall.

TheSovereignreigns,butdoesnotrule;

the

countryisgoverned,inthenameofthe

Sovereign,byHisorHerMajesty’s

Government,whoisresponsibletothe

Parliament.

12.Primogeniture:

Primogeniturerefersto

thepassingofthethronetotheeldestson

whenamonarchdies,hasbeentheruleof

succession,andwhentherearenosons,the

eldestdaughterascendsthethrone.

13.Firstpastthepost:

ThecurrentvotingsysteminUKiscalled“first

pastthepost.”Thismeansthatthepartyand

candidatesreceivingthemostvoteswinthe

electionandbecomethepartyinpowerevenif

theydonotreceivemorethan50percentof

thevote.

14.TheConservativePartyandtheLabor

Party:

TheConservativePartydevelopedout

oftheToryParty（托利党）.Itsupportsprivate

enterpriseandisopposedtonationalization

（国有化）andextendingsocialservices.It

openlyhelpsthemonopoliststoget

super-profits.

TheLaborPartywasfoundedin1900bya

unionbetweentheTradeUnion,the

IndependentpartyandtheFabianSociety.It

practicessocialdemocracyorbourgeois

reformism.

15.HighStreetBanks:

HighStreetBanksare

themainbanks,suchasRoyalBankof

Scotland,HSBC,NatWest,Citibank,and

Barclays.

16.Whatisageneralelection?

TheelectionofallMembersofParliament（MPs）

foreachconstituency（localarea）iscalleda

GeneralElection.IntheUSitislikevotingfor

aCongressmanorSenator.However,unlike

theUS,thevotersdonotchoosethePrime

Minister（PM）.He/sheisvotedforwithintheir

party.

17.Whatisthesupremelegislativeauthority

inBritain?

Whatdoesitconsistsof?

BritishParliamentisthesupremelegislative

authorityintherealm.Itconsistsofthe

Sovereign,theHouseofLords（上院）andthe

HouseofCommons（下院）.Mostofthepower

ofParliamentisintheHouseofCommons.The

Parliamentwascalledin1264andisgenerally

consideredthebeginningof“parliament”.

18.WhatarethethreeareasinBritainwhich

haveseensomehigh-techindustrialgrowth?

ThethreeareasinBritainwhichhaveseen

somehigh-techindustrialgrowthare:

1）theareabetweenLondonandSouthWales,

2）theCambridgeareaofEastAngliaand3）the

areabetweenGlasgowandEdinburghin

Scotland.Thethirdareaisthemost

spectacularofthethreeandisnowoften

referredtoasthe“SiliconGlen”.

19.WhatistheBritish