初中英语语法之常考英语介词概况汇总表格Word下载.docx
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(with偏向“工具”,in偏向“材料”)
IwroteanovelinRussian;
Thelengthismeasuredin
meter,andcentimetre;
Thisboardwascastingold.
5
状态
方面
服饰
状态:
既可以指人的状态,也可指物的状态;
方面:
既可指具体,也可指抽象方面;
服饰:
尤以颜色和状态常考
Hewasn’tingoodhealth,sotalkinlowvoice.
Our
countryinrichinnaturalresources;
A
goodteachermustbeanexampleinstudy
Heisinredshoestoday
初中阶段应掌握的
In的常见短语
介词短语
inall总计;
ingeneral一般来说;
intime及时;
inadvance事前;
inthemeantime与此同时;
inplace适当地;
inthehopeof怀着……希望;
inconnectionwith和……有关;
incontactwith和……联系;
inadditionto除……以外;
incaseof倘若,万一;
inconflictwith和……冲突;
inforce有效的,大批;
indepth彻底地;
inregardto关于;
intheneighborhoodof大约、邻近;
inretrospect回顾,一想起;
inbehalfof代表……利益;
inthelongrun从长远说来;
inone'
sopinion在……看来;
inword口头上;
inaword总之;
invain无益地,白白地;
incase如果,万一,以防;
indetail详细地;
inhaste急急忙忙地;
inconclusion总之;
inspiteof尽管;
inotherwords换句话说;
inreturn作为回报;
inthenameof以……名义;
beconfidentin对……有信心;
beinterestedin对……感兴趣;
indoubt怀疑;
inlove恋爱中;
indebt负债;
inhesitation犹豫不决;
inwonder在惊奇中;
inpublic(secret)公开他(秘密地);
inagoodmood(情绪)好;
indanger,indebt(负债),inahurry;
instock(有库存);
peace(平安)(atpeace和平),
动词短语
believein信任;
breakinbreakin
闯入,插嘴,打断;
bringin引起;
产生;
带来;
comein进来;
流行;
callin下令收回;
takein吸收、卷起;
订阅,上当,受骗;
turnin上缴,归还;
fillin填充;
getin收获;
succeedin成功;
checkin到达登记,cutin插嘴,插入;
countin包括;
drawin时间接近;
dropin顺路拜访;
give
in投降、屈服;
goinfor
参加;
爱好,追求;
handin
交上,上缴;
pourin源源而来。
2.on
在某天或一天内的某个时间段
在星期几、具体的某一天or某日的早、中、晚
(时间前有定语修饰)
On
Sunday(Mon.Tue…);
onMay12th1998;
onthenightofOct.29th;
on
Wed.morning;
onacoldnight;
onchildren’sday(核心提示:
所有的节日都是用on)
(具体)在……上面
与物体表面相接触(注意与above\over的区别)
There
arealotofbooksontheshelf;
theface;
onthehead;
onthefloor\footballfield\playground\road\roof\
Onthefarm\onthemarket(常考)
(抽象)在……上面
收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、问题、纸张
(所有有形的,无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on)
TV;
onradio;
surfontheinternet;
onthephone;
You
arewrongonalltheseissues
在……(边)上
左、右、两边
theleft;
ontheright;
onbothsides;
there
isahotelonthelake
表示状态
处于…状态
人或者物的目前状态;
duty;
onshow;
onfire;
onstrike;
onsale;
onbusiness;
onschedule;
ontime;
thecountry;
onscale
表示关系
关于…文章or论著
(高中阶段掌握)
On指专门论述(注意和about相区别)
I
wantabookonSouthAfrica.
He
wroteanarticleontheimportanceofbirthcontrol
靠……
相当于dependon的含义
Thepeopleinthesouthlive
onrice;
can'
taffordtheexpensiveringonanincomeof1000yuanamonth;
onfoot
特定时间
一…就…
相当于assoonas+主语的含义
Onenteringtheroom,he
foundhisfriendsdancing;
初中阶段应掌握
thespot当场;
立即;
ontherun在逃跑中;
Ontheair在广播中;
onfire着火;
ontime准时;
onduty值日;
onstrike罢工;
onsale上市;
onthecountry相反地;
onschedule按时间表,准时;
onbusiness公事;
ondisplay在展出;
ontheonehand一方面;
ontheotherhand另一方面;
onone’swayto在…路上;
onone’sown=byoneself;
ontopof;
andsoon等等;
onpurpose故意,专门
特别注意:
乘坐交通工具都用by,但onfoot步行;
horse骑马;
ondonkey骑驴
Bringon引起,导致;
callon
号召,拜访;
decideon决定;
dependon依靠,取决于;
geton上车;
相处;
进展;
goon继续;
getonwith进展,相处;
lookon旁观,观望;
lookon…as把……看/当作;
lookdownon看不起,轻视;
passon传递,传交;
handon传递下去;
puton
表演,上演;
戴/穿上;
假装;
takeon呈现,具有;
承担,雇用;
turnon打开(灯,气,水,电器等);
workon
继续工作,钻研(学问或技术);
carryon继续开展,坚持;
hold
on继续;
(电话)不挂断;
抓牢,坚持;
tryon试穿。
3.at
在…时刻\岁时
In是时间段,at是时间点,相对更精确
At
noon;
atnight;
atmidnight;
atdawn;
atlunch;
atbreakfast;
atsupper;
at
dinner;
atthemoment;
atthesametime;
atonce;
atthebeginningof;
attheend
of;
attheageof;
atdaybreak;
atsunrise;
sunset;
at7o’clock……at(on)theweekend常考
表示地点
在……位置或场所
家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心
atthefootof;
atthecornerof;
atthecrossroads;
atthegateof;
hebottomof;
at
thetopof;
atthecenterof;
atadistance;
attheedgeof;
athome;
atthe
barbar’s;
attheairport;
atthestation;
at405VictoryRoad…
表示度
速度
以…速度
The
carranat120milesanhour;
Atfullspeed
温度
在…度
Water
usuallyboilsat100°
;
10degreescentigrade
价格
按…价格
penwassoldatagoodprice;
atlowcost
表示方向
朝…,向…
表示动作的方向
Aim
at向..瞄准;
shoutat向..大喊;
throwat向..扔;
smileat向..微笑;
rush
at向..冲去;
fireat向..开火
表示原因
由于(高中阶段掌握
一般用在系表结构中,对形容词的原因进行说明
wassurprisedatthenews;
wasdiscouragedathisfailure
6
表示能力
擅长于…
固定考点:
begoodat;
bebadat;
an
expertat
isgoodatdrawing(at后接名词或动名词)
first首先,开始时;
atlast;
atmost;
atleast至少;
atallevents无论如何;
athome在家,无拘束;
ataloss不知怎办;
atanyrate不管怎样;
atlength详细地;
beathightide处于高潮期;
atourinvitation应我们的邀请;
atourrequest应我们的请求;
atthenews听到这消息;
attheriskof冒……危险;
atagreatexpense以巨大费用;
atintervalsof每隔;
atthesightof一见到atthepointof接近,靠近;
atthethoughtof一想到;
atthespeedof以……速度;
atthecost(price)of以……为代价;
atleisure闲着、失业;
atstake在危险中、在成败关头;
atbottom实际上、本质上;
atshortnotice一得到通知;
atseeingus看到我们;
atthepresentstage在现阶段;
attheweekend周末;
atalltimes永远;
callat访问(某地);
comeat袭击,攻击;
getat意指,本意是;
理解;
到达;
knock
at敲打(门窗),敲击;
lookat看;
workat从事,致力于,钻研;
laughat嘲笑;
glareat怒目而视;
glanceat匆匆一瞥;
pointat指向
4.about
关于、有关
This
isabookabouthowtostudyEnglish
大约…,近于…
表示时间或数量
willbewithyouinabout3minutes;
areabout30studentsintheclassroom.
到处,在…周围,附近
相当于hereandthere
walkedaboutthestreet.
What
about…?
(习惯用语)
About为介词,所以后接动词ing形式
abouttakingabreak?
goabout着手,四处走走;
setabout着手,开始;
worryabout为…担心;
comeabout发生;
careabout关心、在意;
bringabout引起,带来,导致;
knockabout漫游;
look
about四处看看,四处环顾;
setaboutdoing着手做,开始;
turnabout向后转;
thinkabout考虑(是否去做);
argueabout争论;
knowabout了解;
hearabout听说;
askabout询问;
chatabout闲聊;
quarrelabout争吵;
speak/talkabout谈论;
complainabout报怨
5.above
高于,在…之上
表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等
mountainis2000metersabovethesealevel(位置);
knowyou'
reabovemesocially,butImustsayyouarerudeman(职位)
oldladyisaboveeighty(年龄);
areabovefortygirlstudentsintheclass(数量);
privatecarweighs1.8tons(重量);
Any
moneyearnedoverthatlevelistaxed(度量)
非…能力所及,超出
能力、行为、品质等
Themathsproblemisaboveme;
Honestaboveeverythingelse;
Heisabovedoingsuchthings(他不至于做出那样的事情来)
Aboveall首先,最重要的是,最要紧的是;
Hewasaboveallagoodand
tirelesswriter;
aboveall,wemustbehealth
6.across
横过、穿过
swamacrosstheriver;
policemanhelpedtheoldmanwalkacrossthestreet.
在对面,在那一边
表示位置上的对应关系,在隔着的对面
livesacrossthestreet;
Japan
liesacrossthepacificocean
常见短语
Comeacross偶遇;
getacross横穿马路;
能理解,被听懂;
runacross偶遇,横跨;
7.against
撞到、紧靠
表示动作的方向,有靠、撞击的意思
havehitmyheadagainstawall;
She
stoodwithherbackagainstthetree;
rainbeatagainstthewindows
反、逆、违背
反对(赞成的反义)
逆方向;
违背(意愿等)
Are
youfororagainsttheplan?
were20votesforherand12againsther;
isswimmingagainstthiscurrent.
diditagainstherownwill
以防
(大学阶段掌握此用法)
They
savedmoneyagainstoldage.
表示陪衬
(高中阶段掌握此用法)
redflagisflutteringagainstthebluesky;
His
redclothesstookoutclearlyagainstthesnow.
Goagainst违反、违背、反对;
standagainst反对,不支持;
turnagainst(转而)反对,背叛;
runagainst违反,偶然遇到;
fightagainst与……斗争;
overagainst正对着,在……对面
(fe:
helivedoveragainsttheschool)
8.after
(时间、顺序、位置)在…之后
表时间时,后面跟的是个时间点
After
breakfastheorderedataxi.
Shut
thedoorafteryou;
you,please.
fewkilometresafterthevillage,turnrighttoMontelabate
探求、追求、追寻、找
与be动词或其它动词合用时,有此含义
policeisrunningafterathief;
isafterajobatourplace;
thinkheisonlyaftermoney.
areyouafter?
Iamlookingformywallet.
按照、仿照、依照、效仿
相当于accordingto的含义
Make
sentenceaftertheexample
That
wasaplayafterShakespeare.
namedthebuildingafterthescientist.
由于,尽管
高级用法,高中阶段掌握
failinginthelasttwoEnglishtests,hemadeuphismindtospendmoretime
onEnglishstudy.
allhisefforts,Johnhasfailed.
常见短语
Day
afterday日复一日;
yearafteryear年复一年;
Oneafternother一个接一个地,相继;
aftera
little/moment/while过了一会;
afterall毕竟,终究;
afterone’sheart合……的心;
afterservice售后服务,afterthefashion勉强(fe:
He
canspeakandwriteEnglishafterafashion他多少会说一些英语但不太好);
Lookafter照顾,照看;
takeafter相像,长得像,效仿(Johntakesafterhis
dad);
askafter问候,beafter寻求,do(sth.)after学着做,goafter设法得到,inquireafter问候,runafter追求,seekafter追逐
9.along
顺着,沿着
表具体:
沿着具体物体的边缘
We
walkedalongthestreet.
表抽象:
沿着抽象事物的方向发展
(该用法为along的副词用法)
Mylifeisgoingalong
nicely
1.Alongwith与…一起(fe:
Thebaby'
smotherescapedfromthefirealongwithtwootherchildren);
2.allalong一直(fe:
I'
ve
beenfoolingmyselfallalong)
3.bringalong把…带来,领来;
使发展(Didyou
bringalongsomebooks?
)
4.comealong
出现;
沿着……过来;
加油;
进展
5.geton/along(with..)进展;
相处
10.among