四川省眉山市高考英语 阅读理解完形填空专题训练7.docx
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四川省眉山市高考英语阅读理解完形填空专题训练7
四川省眉山市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空专题训练(7)附答案
阅读理解
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HowMuchtoTip
(2012·安徽师大附中摸底)You’reouttodinner.Thefoodisdeliciousandtheserviceisfine.Youdecidetoleaveabigfattip.Why?
Theanswermaynotbeassimpleasyouthink.
Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwords,tohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothebill’stotal.Evenhowmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselvescandeterminehowmuchchangetheypocketbytheendofthenight.
“Studiesbeforehaveshownthatmimicry(模仿)bringsintopositivefeelingsforthemimicker,”wroteRickvanBaaren,asocialpsychologyprofessor.“Thesestudiesshowthatpeoplewhoarebeingmimickedbecomemoregeneroustowardthepersonwhomimicsthem.”
SoRickvanBaarendivided59waitersintotwogroups.Herequestedthathalfservewithaphrasesuchas,“Comingup!
”Thoseintheotherhalfwereinstructedtorepeattheordersandpreferencesbacktothecustomers.RickvanBaarenthencomparedtheirtakehome.Theresultswereclear-itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat(模仿者)waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.
LeonardGreenandJoelMyerson,psychologistsatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,foundthegenerosityofatippermaybelimitedbyhisbill.Afterresearchonthe1,000tipsleftforwaiters,cabdrivers,hairstylists,theyfoundtippercentagesinthesethreeareasdroppedascustomers’billswentup.Infact,tippercentagesappeartoplateau(达到稳定水平)whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$100.
“That’salsoapointoftipping,”Greensays.“Youhavetogivealittleextratothecabdriverforbeingtheretopickyouupandsomethingtothewaiterforbeingtheretoserveyou.Iftheyweren’tthere,you’dnevergetanyservice.Sopartoftheideaofatipisforjustbeingthere.”
1.Apartfromservice,howmanyotherfactorsaffectingthecustomers’tippingarementionedinthepassage?
A.1.B.2.
C.3.D.4.
解析:
选D。
考查细节理解。
根据第二段Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwords,tohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothebill’stotal...可知选D。
2.Thesestudiesshowthat________.
A.tippingcanbeaffectedbyphysicalreactionstomanydifferentwaiter’sfactors
B.peoplewhoarebeingmimickedusuallytiplesstothepersonwhomimicsthem
C.themimicwaiterscangetalmosttwiceasmuchmoneyastheothergroup
D.mimicrymakesthemimickerfeelbad
解析:
选C。
考查推理判断。
根据第四段Theresultswereclear-itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat(模仿者)waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.可推知C正确。
3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwillbelikelytoshowtherightchangeofthetippercentages?
解析:
选C。
考查推理判断。
根据第五段Infact,tippercentagesappeartoplateau(达到稳定水平)whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$100.可推知C正确。
4.Weknowfromthepassagethatthewriterseemsto________.
A.objecttoMr.Green’sideaabouttipping
B.thinkpartofMr.Green’sexplanationisreasonable
C.givehisgeneroustiptowaitersveryoften
D.supporttheopinionsofMr.GreenandRickvanBaarenabouttipping
解析:
选D。
考查推理判断。
作者引用他们的调查结果来证明自己的观点。
所以作者持赞成态度。
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LeviStrauss,whowasbornin1830andwenttotheUSAattheageof17,satinthesaloonanddrankhisbeerslowly.Hebegantothink.Businesswasnotgood.Nobodywantedtobuyanything.Hethoughtaboutthecanvasandthepotsandpansonthewagon.ThenherememberedtheholeinHank’strousers.Suddenly,hehadanidea—“pants”,hejumpedupandshouted,“Everyoneneedspants.”Hehurriedtoatailorandgavehimallhiscanvas.
“Iwantyoutomakepantswiththiscanvas,”hesaid.“Canyoudothat?
”
“Yes,ofcourse,”saidthetailor,“Whatnameisit?
”
“Strauss,LeviStrauss.”
Itwasthebeginningofjeans.Nowmorethanahundredyearslater,peoplewearjeansallovertheworldandeveryoneknowsthenameofLeviStrauss.Inthe1860s,farmers,rail-roadworkers,cowboysandminershelpedtodevelopthenewland.Lifewashard.Theyworkedforlonghoursinallkindsofweather.TheyworetrousersmadebyLeviStrauss.TheywerethefirstpeopletowearjeansinAmerica.
JeansfirstcametoEuropewiththeAmericansoldiersduringWorldWarII.Soon,workersinEuropewerewearingthem.Workerslikedthem:
theywerecheap,hardwearingandpractical.Theywerenotpopularwithyoungpeoplegenerallyuntilthelate1950sandearly1960s.
Itcamesuddenly.ItstartedinAmericaanditcrossedtheAtlanticquickly.Itwasanewkindofmusic,anewkindofdance.Rock’nRoll.ThekingofRock’nRollwasElvisPresley.Teenagerslovedhim.AthomeheworeaTshirt,anoldleatherjacketandbluejeans,somoreandmoreteenagersbegantowearjeans.Theylikedthemtight.
57.AllthefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept______.
A.JeanscouldfirstbeseeninEuropeduringtheSecondWorldWar
B.JeanswerenotpopularwithallAmericansuntilthelate1950sandearly1960s
C.Manypeopleallovertheworldshowinterestinjeansatthepresenttime
D.Farmers,railroadworkers,cowboysandminerswerethefirstpeopletowearjeansinAmerica
58.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderinjeans’spreading?
a.Moreandmoreteenagersbegantowearjeans.
b.Morethanahundredyearslaterpeoplewearjeansallovertheworld.
c.Farmers,railroadworkers,cowboysandminersstartedtowearjeans.
d.Soon,workersinEuropewerewearingjeans.
e.Notuntilthelate1950sandearly1960swerejeanspopularwithyoungpeople.
f.LeviStrausshadjeansmadeat17.
A.f,c,d,b,e,aB.c,d,f,e,a,bC.a,c,d,e,b,fD.f,c,d,e,a,b
59.Jeansbecamepopularamongtheteenagersbecause_____.
A.theywerecheap,hardwearingandpractical
B.theylikedthemtight
C.theiridollikedwearingthem
D.theycameoutlikeanewkindofmusicordance
60.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe_____.
A.LeviStrauss,FirstMantoInventJeansB.TheBestTrousers—Jeans
C.HowJeansComesOutAndSpreadsD.ReasonsforJeans’Spreading
参考答案57-60BDCC
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A
DiorwasborninNormandyin1905,andhisfamily'soriginalplansforhimincludedacareerinthediplomaticservice,butbythetimehewastwenty-three,withhisparents'money,heopenedasmallartgalleryinParis.By1931,themoneyhadbeenusedup.Dior'sfriendsintheartgallery,askedhimtodrawandhetookhisfirststepatdesigninganddrawing.HisfirstjobwaswithLucienLelongfromwhomDiorlearnedhiscraft(手艺).
InFebruary,1947,DiorstartedtheNewLookinhisfirstmajorPariscollection.Hewasbackedbyafamoustextileproducer,Boussac,wholookedafterthedollars,whileDiorlookedafterthefashions.Diorknewnothingaboutcuttingandsewing,buthewasgoodatfashiondesign.
TheNewLookstartedanentirelydifferentlooktocostume,withatinywaist,aroundedshoulderandashapelybust(胸围),usuallywithalow-cutnecklineandalongfullskirt.Towomenwhohadlivedthroughthewaryears,thefemalenessoftheNewLookwasagreatsuccess,forpeopleweretiredofextremelyplain,wartimerestrictivefashions.
ItissaidthatdressesbyDiorwere"constructedlikebuildings",butyoungpeoplewereattractedtohisdesign,andalloverthewesternworld,manufacturersplunged(投入)intotheproductionofhisnewstyle.Dior'srevolutionarydesignslightedupawholecycleoffashion,rounded,gentle,feminine,adelightinelegance.ANewLookHouseofDioropenedin1948,followedbyoneinLondon.ConsideredasKingofCouture(women'sclothing)foryears,theDiorempiregrewuntilitcoveredeverycountryinthewesternworld,andincludedfurs,hosiery,jewelry,perfumes,men'swearandonandon.Morethan1,000peopleworkedattheParisheadquartersthen.
Hissuddendeathin1957whenhewas53yearsolddidnotstopthegrowthoftheHouseofDior.Evennow,somanyyearsafterhisdeath,hisnameiscloselyconnectedwithfashionthroughouttheworld,andindeedisoneofthemostrecognizednamesintheworld.Hisfirst,greatNewLook,withitslongskirtswasanexpressionoffreedominthelate1940s.
41.WhichofthefollowingdesignsisclosetoDior's?
42.Accordingtothepassage,inDior'slife,hedidNOT______.
A.makecreativefashiondesignsB.workinadiplomaticservice
C.learncraftashisfirstjobD.openaNewLookHouse
43.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______
A.Diorandhissupporterhaddifferentinterestsinbusiness
B.Dior'sNewLookhadlittleinfluenceonpeoplethen
C.Diorisonlyabrandofwomen'sfashioninthewesternworld
D.Dior'sfashionwasnotacceptedatfirstbutatlastwassuccessful
44.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheHistoryoftheNewLook
B.TheGrowthoftheDiorEmpire
C.AnExpressionofFreedom一Dior
D.TheFounderoftheNewLook—Dior
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A
Whydopeopledrinktoomuch,eattoomuch,smokecigarettesortakedrugs?
What’stoblameforallthebadbehavior?
Mostpeoplewouldsaythat,whiletheseself-destructive(自我毁灭的)actscanhavemanyrootcauses,theyallhaveoneobviousthingincommon:
theyareallexamplesoffailuresofself-control,lackingthewillpowertoresistthem.
Accordingtoarecentstudy,however,ifyour