考神团队期考研词汇语法长难句突破班语法长难句讲义Word格式文档下载.docx
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形容词和副词），since（自从；
连词和介词）等。
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英语词法和句法
1.词法（morphology）
1）
2）
3）
4）
5）
2.句法（syntax）
1）
2）
3）
6）
句子
1简单句（simplesentence）.
Thepeople'
sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
2并列句（compoundsentence）
Tom'
sfatherworkedfrommorningtillnightbuthegotverylittlemoney.
3复合句（complexsentence）
It'
salongtimesinceIsawyoulast.
从句（clause）
1
WhatIwanttosayisthis
2
ThisiswhatIwanttosay.
3
IhavesaidwhatIwanttosay.
4
ThisisthethingIwanttosay.
5
Ifyouwanttosaysomething，sayitclearly.
词序（wordorder）
Wehelpeachother.
2
Wegotoschooleveryday.
sfinetoday.
Ilikethisplace.
Therearemanytreesinthisplace.
Theschoollibraryhasmanybooksonagriculture.
6
TheSummerPalaceisverybeautiful.
Iknowhimwell.
Thestudentsoftengoonapicnic.
Wetakeexerciseeveryday.
7
Imetafriendatthebus-stop.
8
ThereisamapofChinaonthewall.
9
Theyworkedquicklyandefficiently.
Heworksjustashardaseveryoneelsealthoughheisoversixty.
名词
1英语名词分为两大类：
soldier士兵water水
pupil学生health健康
machine机器pleasure快乐
LeiFeng雷锋KarlMarx卡尔·
马克思
London伦敦China中国
TheCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党
TheGreatHallofthePeople人民大会堂
TheMinistryofForeignAffairs外交部
2普通名词的种类
tractor拖拉机panda熊猫
factory工厂teacher教员
class阶级，班herd兽群
crowd人群army军队
steel钢gram粮食
fire火cotton棉花
happiness幸福life生活
work工作whiteness白色
名词的格
1英语的名词有三个格：
Mybrotheralwaysmisplaceshisschoolbag.
Everywrittensentenceshouldbeginwithacapitalletter.
2’s
children'
sbooks
myfather'
sroom
3名词所有格在逻辑上可能是它所修饰的名词的主语，也可能是它所修饰的名词的宾语。
theParty'
sconcernoftheyoungergeneration
thereactionaryrule'
soverthrow
theoccupationofthecitybytheenemy
afriendofmysister'
s（=oneofmysister'
sfriends）
apictureofMr.Wu'
s
4）
Thedictionaryisnotmine,butXiaoWang'
s.
5）
ImethimattheJohnson'
s（shop）.
Iwenttomyuncle'
s（house）yesterday.
代词
1代词在句子中的功能
IamreadingTheArabianNights.
ThisisJohnSmithspeaking.
CanIhelpyou?
Hisfatherisaneye-doctor.
Allmenareequal.
如I我（主格），me我（宾格），Who谁（主格），whom谁（宾格）
如whose谁的，other'
s别人的，somebody'
s某人的，one'
s一个人的
3
如one-ones，other-others。
如：
theother，theothers，afew，alittle等。
5种类
1）personalpronoun
a）主格：
I，he，she，it，we，you，they.
b）宾格：
me，him，her，it，us，you，them.
2）possessivepronoun
a）形容词性物主代词：
my，his，her，its；
our，your，their.
b）名词性物主代词：
mine，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs.
3）self-pronoun
myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，oneself.
4）reciprocalpronoun
eachother，oneanother.
5）demonstrativepronoun
this，that，these，those，such，same.
6）interrogativepronoun
who，whom，whose，which，what.
7）relativepronoun
who，whom，whose，which，that.
8）indefinitepronoun
some，something，somebody，someone，any，anything，anybody，anyone，no，nothing，nobody，noone，every，everything，everybody，everyone，each，much，many，little，alittle，few，afew，other，another，all，none，one，both，either，neither.
数词
1cardinalnumeral
one
（一），twenty（二十），hundred（百）
2ordinalnumeral
first（第一），twentieth（第二十），hundredth（第一百）等。
3基数词的用法
Twoplusnineiseleven.
Fourtimessixistwenty-four.
Givemetwo.
Myuncleboughttwohandtractorsrecently.
HewasalreadyfortywhenhebegantolearnEnglish
4序数词的用法
Thefirstisbetterthanthesecond.
Hewasamongthefirsttoarrive.
ChinaexplodeditsfirstatombombinOctober1964.
Jackisalwaysthefirsttogettotheofficeinthemorning.
形容词
1形容词的用法
TheChineseCommunistPartyisagreatparty.
Thefilmisbothmovingandinstructive.
Haveyougoteverythingreadyforthejourney?
Wekeepourroomscleanandtidy.
Theblindcanlearntoreadwiththeirfingertips.
Hehasakeensenseofthenew.
3形容词的比较级
comparativedegree
superlativedegree
positivedegree
副词
1副词的构成
如now现在，there那里，rather颇。
如firmly坚决地，happi1y幸福地。
earlyadj.早的earlyadv.早
highadj.高的highadv.高高地
longadj.长的，长久的longadv.长久地
2副词的种类
1）ordinaryadverb
together一起，well好，seriously认真地，slowly慢，carefully小心地。
2）interrogativeadverb
when何时，where何地，how如何，why为何。
3）relativeadverb
where，when
4）conjunctiveadverb
then然后，so所以，there{ore所以，however然而，hence所以，thus这样，nevertheless然而，otherwise否则，still可是，仍然。
3副词的用法
HespeaksEnglishquitewell.
Hehasalwayshelpedhissisterwithherhomework.
Isheup?
Sheisout.
Lifehereisfullofjoy.
4副词的位置
Itisaratherdifficultjob.
Thepeasantstherearebusydiggingacanalnow.
5副词比较等级的用法
Theyspeaklessfluentlybutmorecorrectlythanwedo.
IworkfastestwhenI'
munderpressure.
6比较级的特殊用法
Isthisbagofsoyabeansasheavyasthatone?
TheAtlanticOceanisnotasbigasthePacificOcean.
twice（两倍），threetimes（三倍）等加as...as..
Theoutputofthepapermillisnowthreetimesashighasitwasin1966.
AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.
可用much，far，still，even，a1itt1e，no，any，agreatdeal等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。
TheYellowRiverislong，buttheChangjiangRiverisevenlonger.
Heisbecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinsports.
Thegreaterthemassofabody，thegreaterisitsinertia.
7）
ThefinishedtheWorkinlessthanayear.
Ourcountryhasestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithmorethanonehundredcountries.
8）
Therearenomorethantenticklesleft.
Theexperimentwasdonebynotmorethan5persons.
9）
Thissongisnolesspopularthanthatone.
Thissongisnotlesspopularthanthatone.
动词
1transitiveverb
Dr.Bethunesetusagoodexample.
Crudeoilcontainsmanyusefulsubstances.
2intransitiveverb
IthappenedinJune1932.
ShallIbeginatonce?
Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.
Washyourhandsbeforemeals.
Doesthisclothwashwell?
如arrive到达，agree同意，listen听。
Wearrivedattherailwaystationatnoon.
Wereachedtherailwaystationatnoon.
Everybodylistenedtothelecturewithgreatinterest.
Weallheardthelecture.
4phrasalverb
Thesmallboyinsistedongoingwithhisparents.
Westandforself-reliance.
如dependon（upon）（依*），waiton（服侍），lookfor（寻找），dealwith（对待），lookafter（照料），waitfor（等待）等。
Ialwaysgetupassoonasthebellrings.
Haveyouhandedinyourexercisesalready?
如putout（扑灭），eatup（吃光），putdown（放下）；
不及物如setoff（出发），comeup（走近），goon（继续）。
Donotgiveuphope.Wemustgoonwiththeexperiment
Hecameuptome.
lookdownupon（看不起），doawaywith（去掉），putupwith（忍受）等。
YoungpioneersoftencometotheChildren'
sPalacetotakepartinafter=schoolactivities.
putanendto（结束），takenoticeof（注意），catchholdof（抓住），losesightof（看不见），makeuseof（利用）等
助动词
1auxiliaryverb
有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do
Chinahasenteredagreatnewera.
Someboysareplayingonthegrass.
MotheriswrittenbyGorky.
WeShallhavethefootballmatchifitdoesnotrain.
Doyouseemypoint?
1）
Womeninourcountryareplayinganimportantpartinsocialistconstruction.
TheFlowerShowisusuallyheldhereinOctober.
ThecinemawillbeclosedforrepairfromMarch3rd.
a）
ThedelegationistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
b）
Themeetingisabouttobegin.
Hehasnotmadeuphismindyet.
Howdoyoufindtheclimatehere?
ShedidnotgotohospitalafterbreakfastShewenttoworkasusual.
Don'
tbesocareless.
Donothesitatetocomewhenyouneedhelp.
Idothinkheisright.
Doask，ifyouhaveanyquestions.
OnlythendidIunderstandtheimportanceofscience.
NeverdidIexpecttoseehimthere.
Heworksevenharderthanyoudo.
Ishallthinkitover.
tworry.Weshalltellyouallaboutit.
2）
Theweatherforecastsaysthatthere'
llbeheavyraintomorrow.
WeweretoldthatweshouldsighttheTreasurelslandthatnight.
Hesaidthathewouldalways
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