新编英语教程 3 Unit 5The Light at the End of the ChunnWord格式文档下载.docx

新编英语教程 3 Unit 5The Light at the End of the ChunnWord格式文档下载.docx

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2.ItsprincipalislandsaretheIsleofWightandtheChannelIslands.

3.ThechannelisatitsnarrowestbetweenDoverinEnglandandCapeGris-Nez,nearCalais,inFrance,itbeing34kmwide.

II.Backgroundknowledge

1.ThefunctionoftheEnglishChannel

1）asarouteforinvadersofBritainfromthe

Continent:

a.crossedbyJuliusCaesar’slegionin55B.C.

b.Normanforcesin1066

2）Asabarrier:

NapoleonandHitlerthreatenedtocrossit,theyfailed.

3）TheChannelhaschieflyservedasaphysicalbarriertotheinvasionofBritain.

2.Thelong-lastingAnglo-Frenchconflict

1）In1066,William,DukeofNormandy,France,conqueredEnglandandbecameKingWilliamIofEngland.

2）In1154KingHenryIIrecoveredtheEnglishthrone.FranceassistedScotland,overwhichtheEnglishkingsattemptedtodominate.Thesesourcesoffrictionledtofightingbetweenthe2countriesfrom1294-1337.

3）In1337,EdwardIIIofEnglandtookthetitleofKingofFrance.thisstepbegantheHundredYears’Warwhichcontinuedonandoffuntil1453.

4）DuringKingHenryVIII’sreign（1509-1547）,EnglandagaininvadedFranceandexpandeditsholdingsaroundCalais.

5）From1689to1815therewasaseriesofconflictsbetweenBritainandFrancefordominationoftheNorthAmericancontinent.ItlasteduntilthefinaldefeatofNapoleonatWaterlooin1815.

3.TheChannelTunnelProject

1）1802fromaFrenchengineer,theBritishgovernmentheldoffforsecurityreasons.

2）Early1880s,diggingbegan,theprojectwascancelledagainforthesamereason.

3）1950s,themissileagemadethedefenseconsiderationobsolete.In1964,the2governmentsagreedtoproceedwitharailtunnel.

4）In1975,theBritishgovernmentcancelledtheprojectbecauseoftheconstantlyrisingcosts.

5）In1987,theconstructionbeganagain.

4.ChannelTunnelDrill

Animmenseroad-headermachinedrillsoutclayduringtheconstructionoftheChannelTunnel.ThetunnelrunsbeneaththeEnglishChannelandbecameoperationalinMay1994.pletedatacostof$15billion,itenablespassengerandfreighttrainstotravelfromParis,France,toLondon,England,inabout3hours.

5.NormandyCliffs

ThewhitecliffsofAval,intheNormandyregionofnorthernFrance,riseabovetheEnglishChannel.

6.ChannelTunnelInauguration

FrenchPresidentFranç

oisMitterandandQueenElizabethIIofBritaininauguratedtheChannelTunnelin1994.Therailwaytunnel,alsoknownastheChunnel,connectsFolkestone,England,withCalais,France.

7.IceAges

PeriodsinEarth’shistorywhenseaiceorglaciershavecoveredasignificantportionoftheplanet’ssurfaceandsignificantcoolingoftheatmospherehasoccurred.Earthhasexistedforabout4.5billionyears.Duringthattimeithasexperiencedseveraliceages,eachlastingtensofmillionsofyears.Thetotaloftheseepisodesmayaccountforasmuchas15to20percentoftheplanet’shistory.Theicycoverhasrangedfromabout10percenttoabout30percentoftheentiresurfaceoftheplanet.

Themostrecenticeage,thePleistoceneEpoch,lastedfromabout1.6millionyearsto10,000yearsbeforepresent.Duringthattimeatleast20glaciations,orperiodswhentheicecoverincreased,occurred.Eachoftheseperiodswasfollowedbyaninterglaciation,oraperiodwhentheicecovershrank.

III.Mainidea

ThetextisafeaturereportwhichintroducesoneofthemostimportantinfrastructureconstructionprojectsinModernEurope——theEnglishChannelTunnel.Itconsistsoftwoparts.First,itbeginswithanobjectivepresentationofboththeBritishandFrenchlocalresidents’negativeopinionsontheChunnel,whichresultfromtheirmutualfeelingofdislike.Inspiteofthis,theconstructionbeganandtheprojectprovestobeofgreatsignificance.Thesecondpartisthewriter’spersonalexperienceatthebreakthroughceremony.Althoughthedifferenceofnationalcharacteristicsstillexists,theconnectionoftwocountriesandthehugoftheconstructionworkersfromtwonationsareincrediblytoughing.WorriesaboutandanticipationofthefutureoftheChunnelonthepartoftheEurotunnelisdisclosedattheend.

IV.wordsandexpression

▪Para.1

▪Whatdidtheauthortalkaboutinthisparagraph?

▪Hestatedthetopicofthereportdirectly:

theEnglishChannelTunnel.

▪1.poundadjectives

▪1）thesoon-to-be-openedEnglishChannelTunnel（L1-2）means“thatistobeopenedsoon〞

▪e.g.aneasy-to-performtrick

▪adifficult-to-usecamera

▪thesoon-to-be-pletedMetro

▪2）Gull-wingmeans“likethewingsofthegull〞.

▪e.g.ababy-foodstore

▪amountain-tophut

▪city-reconstructiondiscussions

▪3）Cross-Channel-linkmeans“buildingalinkthatcrossestheChannel〞.

▪e.g.akeep-fit-classschedule

▪across-border-raidthreat

▪4）31-mile-long

▪e.g.aten-year-oldboy

▪athree-inch-thickbook

▪a3-hour-longjourney

▪2.（L2）Forthefirsttimesincethelasticeage,EnglandwasabouttobelinkedtoFrance.

▪1）aniceage冰川期

▪2）thisisanexaggeration,whichmeans“forthefirsttimesincetheworldbegantoexist〞.

Para2-5

▪Question:

▪WhatdidanEnglishcouplesayabouttheFrenchpeople,andwhatdidaFrenchmansayabouttheEnglishpeople?

Whydoyouthinktheyshowedamutualfeelingofdislike?

▪AnEnglishretiredcivilservantsaidthathe’dratherhaveEnglandbeethe51ststateofU.S.AthanhavehiscountrylinkedtoFrance.HeaddedthattheFrenchdidn’tcareforanybody.HiswifesaidtheFrancewasanawfulplaceandthattheFrenchpeopledrankwineallthetime.ShedislikedFrenchfoodandpreferredtohaveEnglishsaucewithherfood.Inthemeantime,aFrenchfarmerplainedaboutEnglishketchupandabouttheirnothavinganygoodwine.TheBritishandtheFrenchpeopledislikedeachotherbecausetherehadbeenlongyearsofconflictbetweenthetwocountries.

▪WhatdidEnglishandFrenchlocalresidentsthinkabouttheChannelbeforeitwasconstructed?

Whydidtheyhavesuchfeelings?

▪Theydidn’tlikeeachotheranddidn’twanttolinkedwitheachotherbytheChannel.（thelong-lastingAnglo-Frenchconflict*）

Para2-6

▪Languagepoints:

▪1.（L4）I’dratherEnglandbeethe51ststate….

▪e.g.I’dratheryoustayedwithusovertheweekend.

▪He’dratherJohnhadn’tcalledonhim.

“我宁愿你独立工作，从失败中寻找新的方法，也不要你墨守成规，毫无建树，〞导师对他说。

Iwouldratheryouworkonyourowntofindanewsolutionfromyourfailuresthanfollowtheconventionwithoutanynewdiscovery,〞thesupervisorsaidtohim.

我们宁为玉碎，也不为瓦全。

Wewouldratherdiethanliveindisgrace.

▪2.（L5）…saidaretiredcivilservant公务员

▪3.（L6）…hispaleblueeyesfilledwithforeboding.

absoluteconstruction:

独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词〔作为逻辑主格〕，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语。

其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。

这种结构多用在书面语中。

一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式

1.名词〔或代词〕＋现在分词〔或过去分词〕。

如：

1〕Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

2〕Good-byesaid,hewenthome.

2.名词〔或代词〕＋形容词。

3〕Theweather（being）hot,weallwentswimming.

3.名词〔或代词〕＋不定式。

4〕Someofthemoneytobepaidbythethief,thepolicewent.

4.名词〔或代词〕＋介词短语。

5〕Heclimbedin,swordinhand.

5.名词〔或代词〕＋副词。

6〕Themeeting（being）over,welefttheroom.

独立主格结构的模式是:

主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

（作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）

1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.

2.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.

3.Theriverhavingriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.

主格名词/代词+分词（过去分词/现在分词）

主格名词/代词+形容词

1.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.

2.Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdress.

主格名词/代词+副词

Themeetingbeingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeeting-room.

Wetocareforthechildren,youareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.

主格名词/代词+不定式

主格名词/代词+介词短语

OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,papersinhand.

with复合结构与独立主格结构

它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义一样,但其结构形式和名称却不一样.

with复合结构的模式是:

with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

一,作时间状语

1,Withwinteringon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Winteringon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

二,作原因状语

1,Withtheweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.

=Theweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.

2,Withthekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

三,作条件状语

1,Withtimepermitting,we'

llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we'

llvisittheSummerPalace.

2,Withthecargoingwrong,we'

llhavetostop

atthefootofthemountain.

=Thecargoingwrong,we'

llhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.

四,作伴随状语

1,Themotherwascleaningthehousewithherbabyplayingonthebed.

=Themotherwascleaningthehouse,herbabyplayingonthebed.

2,LastnightIfollowedhim,withaswordinmyhand.

=LastnightIfollowedhim,swordinhand.

无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就必须去掉:

Hesatatthedeskreadingwithapenwasinhisrighthand