文化在英语学习中的重要性Word文档格式.docx

文化在英语学习中的重要性Word文档格式.docx

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Supervised

A/Prof.LiuXia

June2,2013

Signature

Thethesis“TheSignificanceofLearningCultureinForeignLanguageLearning”byZhuChangwasreviewedandapprovedbyA/Prof.LiuXiaonJune2013,.

Supervisor________________（Signature）

Abstract:

Welearnlanguagetocommunicatewithotherpeople.However,itisnoteasyfornon-nativespeakerstogetasuccessfulcommunicationwithoutnecessaryculturalbackground.Inotherwords,languagehasacloseconnectionwithculture.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Keywords:

communication;

language;

culture

内容摘要：

我们学习语言是为了和别人交流。

但是非本地居民在缺少文化背景的情况下，是不容易与他人成功交流的。

换句话说，语言和文化密切相关.............................................................................................................................................................。

关键词:

交流；

语言；

文化

Acknowledgements

ThepaperwascompletedinJune2013,andmanypeoplehavehelpedwithit.HereIwouldparticularlyliketoacknowledgemyrespectablesupervisor,A/Prof.LiuXia,forthevaluableadvicethathehasgiventomeinthewritingofthispaper,inadditiontowhathehastaughtinhisclassonhowtoprepareandwritethepaper.IalsowanttoacknowledgetheteachersinSchoolofForeignLanguageofXiangfanUniversitywhoprovidedmewithrichinformationandgavemegreatencouragement.Besides,myfriendsshouldalsobeacknowledgedfortheirkindandgeneroushelp.

Contents

StrategiesandSkillsforPromotingListeningCompetence

Major:

EnglishEducation

StudentNo.:

2009105259

Name:

ZhuChang

Supervisor:

LiuXia

Welearnlanguagetocommunicatewithotherpeople.However,itisnoteasyfornon-nativespeakerstogetasuccessfulcommunicationwithoutnecessaryculturalbackground.Inotherwords,languagehasacloseconnectionwithculture………………………………....................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..............................................................................................................................................................................

Communication;

换句话说，语言和文化密切相关…………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………。

交流；

1.Introduction

WithfurtheraccelerationofthepaceofChina’sopening,ChinesepeopleputmoreandmoreemphasisonEnglishlanguagelearning.ThaneverbeforetheenthusiasmoftheChinesepeoplelearningEnglishismuchhigherandavarietyofEnglisheducationresourcesaremoreabundant.However,manypeopleviewEnglishonlyasatoolandonlytrainlanguageskill,sotheylackEnglishculturaleducation,andtheyignorethedeep-seatedculturalenrichmentofthenurture.

Languageasthekeystoneofculture,iscloselyconnectedwithit（Stern,1989:

102-103）.Learningalanguagecannotbeseparatedfromlearningitsculture.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,weshouldnotonlylearnthepronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar,butalsolearntoseeandthinkabouttheworldasnativespeakersdo.Inotherwords,learningcultureisveryimportantinforeignlanguagelearning

2.Thedefinitionandrelationshipoflanguageandculture

Languageisanindispensablecarrierofculture.Culturefindsabetterrepresentationthroughlanguageuse（Halliday,1970:

405-406）.Ajointstudyofthesetwosubjectswilldefinitelybroadenthehorizonofhumanknowledgeingeneralandenrichtheresearchofthesesciencesinparticular.Thiscorrelationhighlightsthepursuitoftherelationshipbetweenthetwoandmakesthispracticesomethingbothfascinatingandchallenging.…….

2.1．Thedefinitionofculture

Concerningculture,oneofthebestearlydefinitionwasgivenbyE.BTaylor（1960:

579）,whodefinitioncultureas“thecomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,mornal,laws,customersandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Sciencethen,hundredsofdefinitionshaveemergedwiththeboomingofculturestudies.

Ingeneral,theword“culture”seemstohavebeenusedinthefollowingthreecategoriesofreference.

Inthefirstcategory,cultureistechnicallyusedbyethnologistsandhistorianstocoverasociallyinheritedelementinthelifeofhumanbeings,whichcanbematerialandspiritual.Inthiscase,culturepossessesthesameelementsas“civilization”ofhumanbeings,forexample,“humanculture”.

Thesecondapplicationoftheterm“culture”ismorepersonal.Itrefersto“aratheridealofindividualrefinement,builtuponacertaindegreeofassimilatedknowledgeandexperiencebutmadeupchieflyofasetoftypicalreactionthathavethepermitofaclassandofatraditionofstanding.Insuchasense,wehave“culturalmanner”and“culturalman”.

Culturalinthethirdsenseputemphasisonthespiritualpossessionsofagroupratherthanindividuals,forexample,“Chineseculture”.

2.2.Thedefinitionoflanguage

Languageinthispaperrefersto,firstlythelinguisticpoints,whichappearinthetextmaterials,exercisebookswhicharethemainaccesstolanguageinput.Secondly,thepragmaticknowledge,asexplainbySpeechActTheorythatwasoriginatedbyBritishphilosopherJohnAustin.Hethoughtthataspeakermightbeperformingthreeactsstimultaneouslywhenspeaking:

locutionaryact,illocutionaryactandperlouctilonaryact,whichindicatethattheremustbesomeotherintentionsbeyondtheutteranceofthespeakersintheircommunication.

Togivethebarestofdefinition,languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Itisinstrumentalinthatcommunicationbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.Itissocialandconventionalinthatlanguageisasocialsemioticandcommunicationcanonlytakeplaceeffectivelyifalltheusersshareabroadunderstandingofhumaninteractionincludingsuchfactorsasnonverbalcues,motivation,andsocial-culturalroles.Languagelearningandusingaredeterminedbyinterventionofbiological,cognitive,psycho-social,andenvironmentalfactors.Inshort,languagedistinguishesusfromanimalsbecauseitisfarmoresophisticatedthananyanimalcommunicationsyatem.

2.3.Therelationshipoflanguageandculture

Asthecarrierofculture,languagereflectsandoriginatesfromit.

Generally,thestructureofalanguageshouldhavesomeculturalfeaturesandobeysomerulesoflanguageusage.Nida,afamoustranslator,saidthattheroleoflanguagewithinacultureandinfluenceofthecultureonthemeaningsofwordsandidiomsaresopervasivethatscarcelyanytextcanbeadequatelyunderstoodwithoutcarefullyconsiderationofitsculturalbackground.Prof.陈光雷（1992:

119）alsosaidwhenteachingandlearningalanguage,weshouldtakecultureintoconsideration.Asweknow,somewordsarecalledculturallyloadedwords,whichcarrydeepculturalmessage.Suchas“castle”,atypicalculturallyloadedwordcarriestheculturalandhistoricalmessage.CastleisaparticularkindofarchitectureinancientEurope,especiallyinBritain,whichwasinvadedbyothersfrequentlyatthattime.Therefore,themeaningofcastlehasbeyonditself,itloadedthehistoryofinvasionandcanreflectthecharacterofEnglishmenaswell,forthereisasayingthat“anEnglishman’shouseishiscastle”.Actually,themilitarybaseinthepast,orthehousenow,nomatterwhatthecastlerefersto,theyhavesomethingincommonthatitisprincipallytheprivateresidenceofitsownersandnoonecanenterwithoutpermission.

Languageisaparticularcomponentofculture（孙勉志，1997:

334）.Firstly,languagepenetratesintoeverylevelofcultureandthelinguisticsysteminterpenetratesallothersystemwithinculture.Secondly,languageisthemostimportantmeansbywhichcultureistransmitted,suchasmusic,drawing,yetonothersystemaresocomprehensiveandpowerfulaslanguage.Furthermore,languageisalsothemostimportantmediumthroughwhichculturecanactivelytransmitted.Lastbutnotleast,“languageisagreatforceofsocialization.Itislargelythroughlanguagesocializationthatanindividualwillacquirethecultureofthepeopleheorsheliveswith.

Cultureisthebaseoflanguage

TheAmericanhumanistSpairconveyhisopinionsinOnCulturethatlanguageownsitsbase.Thatistosay,groupofpeoplecomingfromoneorseveralethnicgroupsspeakthesamelanguage.Thusthislanguagecanpassdownfromgenerationtogeneration.Andmeanwhile,itisalsothereflectionofthetotallycultureoftheirlifeandcustoms（戴炜栋2002:

97）.

Withtheviewthatlanguageisaparticularpartofculture,cultureisthebaseoflanguage,wecanseelanguagecanneverbefreefromitsculturalbackground,andthereisnonaturallanguagethatcanbeusedasapureinternationallanguage.Therefore,learningalanguagenaturallyinvolveslearningitsculture.

3.Theinfluenceofcultureonlanguagelearning

InthepastdaysofEnglishteachingandlearning,wehaverealizedinfluenceofnativelanguageontheEnglishlanguagelearningandteaching,butwehavenotrealizedtheinfluenceofculturefactorsonEnglishlanguagelearning.Foralongtimeweonlylaidstressongrammaranddevelopedpurelanguageskills,butdidnotpayattentiontoculturalconsciousness.Therefore,wecannotunderstandthereadingandlisteningmaterialsproperlybecauseofculturedifference,evenwecannotspeakandwriteinaproperway.Generally,foreignerscanputupwithourgrammarmistakesandpronunciationmistakes,buttheyalwaystakeourmistakesaboutculturetoheart,