考研英语一真题及答案文档格式.docx

考研英语一真题及答案文档格式.docx

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2.[A]put[B]take 

[C]run 

[D]come

3.[A]Since 

[B]If 

[C]Though[D]until

4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually 

[D]literally

5.[A]back 

[B]next[C]around[D]away

6.[A]onto 

[B]off 

[C]across[D]alone

]

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged 

[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site[B]point 

[C]way 

[D]place

9.[A]So 

[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

lO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly 

[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised 

[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12.[A]problem 

[B]option 

[C]view[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage 

[D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid 

[C]spot 

[D]separate

;

15.[A]form 

[B]through 

[C]beyond[D]Under

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades 

[D]breaks

17.[A]artificial 

[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally 

[D]Generally

19.[A]memories 

[B]marks 

[C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt 

[C]lead 

[D]expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

）

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.

Startingnextguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationformainpurposeofthis"

clawback"

ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

$

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedtheBankofEngland'

stopquotesagaintofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike"

Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandnoteshasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinlone-termresearchortobuildupcustomerhasbeendubbed"

quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."

Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce"

short-termism."

InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthat"

asubstantialpart"

ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"

long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

toParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

|

bankers'

senseofresponsibility

Bhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

anewsystemoffinancialregulation

thebonusesoftopexecutives

Marshallisquotedtoindicate

conditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

impatienceindecision-making

solidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

>

D."

short-termism"

ineconomicactivities

isarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

Dtemporary

USandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

obstaclestopreventing"

short-termism.

significanceorlongtermthinking.

approachestopromotinglong-termism.

prevalenceofshort-termthinking.

\

ofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext

ofQuarterlyCapitalism

asaCorporateVirtue

RequiredofTopExecutives

ofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthepastfewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobeanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"

-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

》

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent'

soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgradationthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."

Untimely."

saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity'

sregistrar."

weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaspublicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoreanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendofthedayarepayingthebill-feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.

Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'

expectationsforhigherstudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltotumoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-oratleastappeartothis,students'

andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.

iscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation

changeofcoursecatalogs.

<

indifferencetoGPAS.

CCollegesneglectofGPAS.

influenceofconsumerculture.

wastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness

helpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

maintaincollegesgraduationrates.

preparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

increaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.

·

toParagraphforgivenessenablescolleges

morefinancialsupport.

theirstudentenrollments.

theirteachingquality.

localgovernments’needs.

doesthephrase“tobealigned”（Lineprobablymean

counterbalanceeachother

complementeachother.

beidenticalwitheachother

becontradictorytoeachother.

authorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby

Aassessingitsfeasibility

thecausesbehindit.

differentviewsonit.

itslong-runeffects

Text3

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein,ModemPrometheusbyMarybeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanychicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence（An）raisesfundamentalquestions:

"

Whatisintelligence,identity,orconsciousnesswhatmakeshumanshumansWhatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethewayhumansthinkcontinuestoevadehumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTvseriessuchas"

Westworldand"

Humans"

.

Justhowpeoplethinkisstill