北大17秋《大学英语第三组》在线作业Word文档格式.docx
《北大17秋《大学英语第三组》在线作业Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《北大17秋《大学英语第三组》在线作业Word文档格式.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
sriskofgettingdiabetes(糖病)laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenfromCalifornia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.AccordingtoSchwarz"
sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis(诊断)ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.(80)“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody.”Manyexpertsremendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon"
tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.Thefindingisn"
tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes(occurringduringpregnancy(怀孕))thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtothe-adviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.
Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
AccordingtoSchwarz"
sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?
WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?
Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be”inthelastparagraph?
Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?
Themostfamouscollectionsoffairytales(童话)aretheonesbyJakobandWilhelmGrimm.TheGrimmspublishedtheirfirstfairy-talecollectionin1812.Theydidn’tthinktheywerewritingforchildren.TheythoughttheywerepreservingdisappearingGermanfolkculture.Theirfirstedition(版本)wasascholarlybookthatcarefullyrecordedtheoraltales.Theyweresurprisedwhensomeoftheirearlyreaderssuggestedthatthestoriesmightbeinterestingtochildren.ButtheGrimmsneededmoney.Theyhadmadeabaddealwiththeirpublisherandreceivedlittlepaymentfortheirfirstbook.AtonepointWilhelmplainedtherewasn’tachairinhishouseonecouldsitonwithoutworryingitwouldbreak.Sohetookthehintandsettoworktomakeabookthatwouldbesuitableforchildren.Heselectedafewofthetales,madethemmuchlonger,andpolishedupthelanguage.Hedidn’taddmorals,buthedidslipincharacterjudgmentsandmoralizingmentswhereverhecould.TheGrimms’fairytalesalsohaveonecharacteristicthatwouldseemtomakethemunsuitableforchildren.Manyofthemincludeviolentincidents.In“HanselandGretel”anoldwomanisburnedtodeathinanoven,andin“LittleRedRidingHood”achildiseatenbyawolf.Whenherevisedthetalesforchildren,WilhelmGrimmretainedtheviolence.Infact,hesometimesevenrampeditup.Forexample,inthefirsteditionofthetales,Cinderellaforgiveshersistersattheend.It’sonlyinthesecondedition,theoneintendedforchildren,thatherbirdspeck(啄)outtheireyes.Why,then,havetheGrimms’fairytalesbeeclassicsofchildren’sliterature,somuchsothatitishardtoimagineachildwhodoesn’tknowCinderella’sstoryorSnowWhite’s?
Oneansweristhatonlyafewofthetalessurvivedintomoderntimes.ThefirsteditionoftheGrimms’fairytaleshad210tales.By1825itwasdownto50.Andtodayonlyadozenorsoofthetalesareoftenreprintedinchildren’scollections.Butthedeeperansweristhatthetalesthathavelastedaremagicaladventuresthathelpchildrendealwiththestrugglesandfearsoftheireverydaylives.
WhydidWilhelmGrimmsetouttoadapthisbookforchildren?
Whenrevisingthefairytales,WilhelmdidallofthefollowingEXCEPT.
Whatdoestheexpression“rampeditup”inParagraph3probablymean?
WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheGrimms’fairytalesisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?
Astheschoolyearkicksoff,parentsareonceagainstragglingtocajole(哄编)and,ifneedbe,dragtheirexhaustedteensoutofbed.Thatimagemaymakeyoulaugh,butlackofsleepisnojoke.Teenagerswhodon’tgetenoughresthavemorelearning,health,behaviorandmoodproblemsthanstudentswhogetatleastninehoursanight.Long-termlackofsleepistiedtoheartdisease,overweight,depressionandashortenedlifespaninadults,indicatingtheimportanceofestablishinggoodsleephabitsearlyinlife.Lackofsleepcanbeespeciallydeadlyforteens;
caraccidentsaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongteenagers,andsafetyexpertsbelievesleepydrivingisamajorfactor.Unfortunately,fewteenagersgetthesleeptheyneed.Inasurveyofmiddle-andhigh-schoolstudents,UniversityofColoradoresearchersfoundthat82percentsaidtheywokeuptiredandunrefreshed,andmorethanhalfhadtroubleconcentratingduringthedayatleastonceaweek.Blamemultitaskingforsomeofthis.Manystudentsarejugglingafter-schoolactivities,homeworkandpart-timejobs.Evenwhentheymanagetofulfilltheseobligationsbyareasonablehour,television,theInternet,videogames,phonecallsandtextmessagestofriendsoftenkeepthemawakedeepintothenight.Takingsodaandenergydrinkslateinthedayandgoingtolate-nightpartiesonweekendsaddtosleepdebt.Biologyalsoworksagainstteenagers’sleep,Thebody’sinternalclock,whichcontrolswhenapersonstartstofeeltired,shiftsafterpuberty(青春期),makingithardformostteenstofallasleepbefore11pm.Classusuallybeginsbefore8:
15am,withmanyhighschoolsstartingasearlyas7:
15am.Togettoschoolontime,mostteenshavetogetupby6:
30am,guaranteeingthey’llbesleep-deprivedduringtheweek.Teensoftensleepmuchlateronweekendstocatchup,makingitevenhardertofallasleeponSundaynightandwakeupMondaymorning.Playingcatch-uponweekendsalsodoesn’thelpteensstayrefreshedwhentheyneeditmost:
duringtheweekatschool.Sincethe1990s,middleandhighschoolsinmorethantwodozenstateshaveexperimentedwithlaterschoolstarttimes.Theresultshavebeenencouraging:
moresleep,increasedattendance,bettergradesandfewerdrivingaccidents.Butmostschoolsstillstartearly,meaningteenshavetheirworkcutoutforthemiftheywanttogetenoughsleep.
Accordingtothepassage,poorsleepcanbelinkedtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT
ThemainideaofParagraph3is___
Whatdoestheword“juggling”inParagraph3probablymean?
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtoblameforteenagers’lackofsleep?
Accordingtothepassage,whathavesomeschoolsdonetohelptheirstudentsgetenoughsleep?
Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.Andyet,citylifeisn"
teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit"
slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.Oneofthemainforcesatworkisapletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we"
recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it"
sbeeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.(79)Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.
Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthisp