大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟1361Word文档下载推荐.docx

大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟1361Word文档下载推荐.docx

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范文GraduateSchoolorWorkWhileincreasinglylargenumbersofstudentschoosetofurthertheirstudyingraduateschoolimmediatelyaftergraduation,Iplantogotoworkaftercollege.ThisdoesnotmeanIdonotlikelearningorIdonotwanttolearn.Rather,IchoosetoworkfirstsothatIcanunderstandbettermyinterestsandstrengthbeforecomingbacktograduateschoolforatargetedlearning.Professionalexperienceisanindispensablepartinoneslifeinthatithelpstobridgethegapbetweenwhatonehasbeenlearningandwhatoneplanstodo.Althoughlearningisanimportantpreparationforonessuccess,onecanachievenothingunlesswhathasbeenlearnedisputintopractice.Afterall,theworldoutsideuniversitiesisdifferentfromandmorecolorfulthanthatinsideschools.Onemayhaveplansthataremostlybasedonimaginationratherthanrealityformostofstudentswhohavebeenlearningformorethantenyears.Thus,toknowtheworldandonesowninterestsandstrength,workexperiencewillbecrucial.Moreover,workexperiencecanbevaluableassettothegraduateschoolwhenonedecidestocomebackforfurtherlearning.Besides,Ibelievelearningshouldbegoal-oriented.Thus,topursuefurtherstudybecauseofpressureofnotbeingabletofindajobandwithoutunderstandingwhatonewantstodoisnotprudent.Iplantogoontograduatestudyaswell,butonlyafterIhaveseveralyearsofworkingexperience.写作提示：

本文属于议论文，要求考生进行选择并阐述原因。

根据所给的标题和要求，可以确定文章的主题是：

大学毕业之后作何选择，以及选择的原因。

这种选择类型的题目可以结合两个方面的优点和缺点进行阐述。

文章可以分为三段。

第一段描述背景和自己的选择。

第二段着重突出自己选择的原因，说明自己为什么做出这样的选择。

第三段可以进行适当让步，然后结束全文。

PartReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）FoodPoisoning-andHowtoPreventItChanginglifestylesinthemodemworldhaveresultedinanincreaseddemandforready-to-catfoods,fastfoodsanddiningout.Thischangeindemandhas,inmm,broughtwithitnewandincreasedproblems.Oneoftheseistheriskofbacterialfoodpoisoning.Howdoesfoodpoisoningoccur?

Usually,ittakeslargenumbersoffoodpoisoningbacteriatobepresentinfoodinordertocauseillness.However,giventherightconditions,bacteriacanmultiplyveryrapidly.Theseconditionsinclude:

Time-Inidealconditions,onebacteriumcanmultiplyto2,097,152withinsevenhours.Temperature-Foodpoisoningbacteriagrowbestinthetemperaturerangeof5-60.Thisiscalledthetemperaturedangerzone.Foodshouldnotbeleftinthetemperaturedangerzone.Nutrients-Bacterianeedtheirownfoodsourcetogrowandmultiply.Thetypesoffoodswhichbacteriapreferincludedairyproducts,eggproducts,meatandpoultry,smallgoods,notincludingsalami（意大利腊肠）,processedmeatandchickenproducts,fish,shellfishandfishproducts.Becausebacteriamultiplyrapidlyinthesefoods,theyareknownashighriskfoods.Highriskfoodswhichhavebeencontaminated（污染）withfoodpoisoningbacteriaandthenleftinthetemperaturedangerzonecancausefoodpoisoningtoanyonewhoconsumesthem.Water-Withoutmoisture,thegrowthofbacteriaslowsdownandmaystop.Dryingisaneffectiveformoffoodpreserving.Howdoesfoodbecomecontaminated?

Foodiscontaminatedthroughpoorhandlingandstorageandthroughlackofpersonalhygiene（卫生学）bythepeoplewhoprepareandserveit.Foodpoisoningbacteriaareverywidespread.Theycanbefoundinthesoil,onanimalsandonpeople.Becauseofthis,itispossibleforfoodssuchasrawmeat,poultryandvegetablestocontainthesebacteriafromthestart.Acommonwaythatfoodcanbecomecontamination,isthroughcrosscontamination.Thiscanoccurintwoways:

Duringfoodpreparation,hands,utensils（器具）andequipmentsuchascuttingboardscanbecomecontaminatedwithbacteriafromrawfood.Iftheseutensils,equipmentandhandsarethenusedtoprepareready-to-eatorcookedfood,withoutfirstbeingthoroughlywashed,thenthisfoodcanbecomecontaminatedwithbacteriafromtherawfood.Asthisfoodisnotcookedagainbeforebeingconsumed,thebacteriainitwillnotbekilledbycooking.Duringstorage,bacteriafromrawfoodcancontaminateready-to-eatorcookedfoodifthelaterarenotstoredseparately.Iftheyarestoredinthesamerefrigerator,rawfoodshouldalwaysbestoredinthelowestpartoftherefrigeratorandready-to-eatorcookedfoodontheshelvesabove.Thispreventsliquidsfromtherawfooddrippingontothecookedfood.Storefoodincleannon-toxicwashablecontainersorcoverwithfoilorplasticfilm.Howcanfoodpoisoningbeprevented?

Foodpoisoningcanbepreventedby:

（1）Preventingfoodfrombecomingcontaminated.

（2）Preventingthebacteriainthefoodgrowingandmultiplying.Wecanthinkoffoodpoisoningasbeingachainofcircumstances:

Theremustbebacteriaonthefood.Thebacteriahavetherightconditionstogrow-warmth（between5and60）,moistureandfood.Thebacteriahavetimetogrowandmultiply.Ifthischainofeventscanbebroken,foodpoisoningcanbeprevented.Someofthewaysofbreakingthischainare:

Makingsureyourhandsaredeanbeforehandingfood.Thoroughlywashingallequipmentusedforpreparingrawfoods.Storingrawfoodsbelowcookedfoodsintherefrigerator.Storingfoodcorrectly-notintheTemperatureDangerZone.Makingsurefoodisservedassoonaspossibleafterpreparation.SomeCommonFoodPoisoningBacteriaSalmonella（沙门氏菌）Commonlyfoundin:

meat,poultry,eggsandeggproducts.Symptoms:

nausea（恶心）,stomachcramps,diarrhea（痢疾）,feverandheadache.Onset（发作）:

6-72hoursafterconsumingcontaminatedfood.Symptomscanlastfrom3-5days.Bacillus（杆状菌）Commonlyfoundin:

Cereals,rice,meatproducts,packetsoups.Symptoms:

nausea,vomiting,diarrheaandstomachcramps.Onset:

1-6hoursafterconsumingthecontaminatedfood.Symptomsusuallylastnolongerthan24hours.Note:

Thesebacteriaproducesporeswhicharenotkilledduringcooking.Whencookedfoodcontainingthesespores,hasbeenleftinthetemperaturedangerzone,thesporesproducetoxins（poisons）inthefoodwhichcancausefoodpoisoning.StaphylococcusaureusCommonlyfoundin:

Meatandpoultrydishes,eggproductsmayonnaise-basedsalads,creamorcustardfilleddesserts.Symptoms:

acutevomiting,nausea,occasionallydiarrheaandcramps.Onset:

30minutes-8hoursafterconsumingthecontaminatedfood.Symptomsusuallylastabout24hours.Note:

Thesebacteriaproducetoxinsinfood.Thetoxinisnotdestroyedduringcookingsocorrectstorageoffoodbeforeandaftercookingisessential.Thesebacteriaarecommonlyfoundontheskinandinthenoseandmouthsofhealthypeople.Therefore,itisimportantthatyoumaintainhighstandardsofpersonalhygiene（卫生学）whenworkingwithfood.Peoplewithopencutsorwoundsontheirhandsandarmsmustensurethattheinjuryiscompletelyprotectedbyawaterproofbandage.Othercommonfoodpoisoningbacteriainclude:

Clostridiumperfringens.Vibrioparahaemolyticus.Listeriamonocytogenes.1.Nowadays,peopleslifestylesarechanging,whichhasresultedinthedemandforfastfoods.答案:

Y参见本文的第一段：

Changinglifestylesinthemodernworldhaveresultedinanincreaseddemandforfastfoods2.Infact,onebacteriumcangrowveryquicklyevenjustwithinsevenhours.答案:

N参见本文第二段第三句：

However，giventherightconditions，bacteriacanmultiplyveryrapidly.因此，虽然multiply相当于“growveryquickly”，但是少了一个非常重要的条件，这句话就不成立了，即“giventherightconditions”。

3.Usuallyonebacteriumissufficienttocauseillness.答案:

N参见第二段中的：

Usually，ittakeslargenumbersoffoodpoisoningbacteriatobepresentinfoodinordertocauseillness原文中“largenumbersofbacteria”与题目中“onebacteria”不符。

4.Fruitthatisnotfreshcanalsocausefoodpoisoning.答案:

NG本文虽然提到了很多可能导致食物中毒的食品，但是并没有提及水果是否新鲜与食物中毒有何联系。

5.Samonellasonsetmaytake6to72hourstohappenandthesymptomsmaylastlongerthan24hours.答案:

Y依据文中小标题，我们可以很快找到这个部分：

672hoursafterSymptomscanlastfrom注意“longerthan24hours”与原文内容是相符的。

6.Onlyifcookedfoodandrawfoodarestoredinthesamerefrigerator,theformerwouldbecontaminated.答案:

N依据文中“Duringstorage”部分“rawfoodshouldalwaysbestoredinthelowestpartStorefoodincleannon-toxicwashablecontainersorcoverwithfoilorplasticfilm”可见，如果摆放位置适当，或者食品上套上保鲜膜之类的东西的话是可以有效避免的。

7.Ifthefoodwithbacteriaarecookedunder75,foodpoisoningcanbeprevented.答案:

Y参见文中第四部分：

Ifthischainofeventscanbebroken，foodpoisoningcanbeprevented而温度正是其中非常重要的一个因素。

8.Time,temperature,nutrientsandwaterarethefourconditionsbacterianeedinorderto_rapidly.答案:

multiply参见本文第二段：

giventherightconditions，bacteriacanmultiplyveryrapidly.9._isaverycommonwaythatmakesthefoodbecomecontaminatedwithbacteria.答案:

Crosscontamination参见文章第三段倒数第二句：

Acommonwaythatfoodcanbecomecontaminated，isthroughcrosscontamination10.Thepoisonproducedbybacteriaisnotdestroyedduringcooking,socorrect_beforeandaftercookingisessential.答案:

storageoffood参见文章“Staphylococcusaureus”部分“Note”中的内容：

Thetoxinisnotdestroyedduringcookingsocorrectstorageoffoodbeforeandaftercookingisessential同时注意toxin和poison之间的替换。

PartListeningComprehensionSectionA问题:

1.A.Shethoughttherewerenoticketsleftfortheshow.B.Shethoughttheseatsontheleftsidewerefullyoccupied.C.Theshowwasplannedalongtimeago.D.Theaudienceweredeeplyimpressedbytheshow.答案:

A听力原文M:

Iheardtherereafewseatsleftfortheshowtonight.W:

Really?

Iwasundertheimpressionthattheticketsweresoldoutalongtimeago.Q:

Whatdoweknowfromthewomansreply?

简析题目问我们能从女士的回答中得到什么信息。

男士说今晚的演出还有一些座位，女士颇为惊讶，说直以为票在很久以前就卖完了。

可见A）正确。

问题:

2.A.TheEdwardsarequitewell-off.B.TheEdwardsshou