testspecification考试规范.docx

testspecification考试规范.docx

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testspecification考试规范

IWhataretestspecifications?

Definitionoftestspecifications

Atest

sspecificationsprovidetheofficialstatementaboutwhat

thetesttestsandhowittestsit.Thespecificationsaretheblueprint

tobefollowedbytestanditemwriters,andtheyarealsoessentialin

theestablishmentofthetest

sconstructvalidity.

Differeneebetweenspecificationsandsyllabus

1.

atestspecificationisadetaileddocument,whilethe

syllabusisoftenmuchsimplified.

2.

atestspecificationisainternaldocumentfortest

developers,sometimesconfidentialtothetestusers,whilethe

syllabusisapublicdocumentwhichindicatestocandidatesand

teacherswhatthetestwillcontain.

IIWhoneedstestspecifications?

Andwhy?

Testspecificationsareneededbyarangeofdifferentpeople:

neededbythosewhoproducethetestitself

Testconstructorsneedtohaveclearstatementsaboutwhothe

testisaimedat,whatitspurposeis,whatcontentistobecovered,

whatmethodsaretobeused,howmanypapersorsectionsthereare,

howlongthetesttakes,andsoon.Inaddition,thespecificationswill

needtobeavailabletothoseresponsibleforeditingandmoderating

theworkofindividualitemwritersorteams.Sucheditorsmay

operateinacommitteeorboardofficials.Insmallerinstitutions.

theymaysimplybefellowteachers.Thespecificationsshouldbe

consultedandclearlywritten.

Neededbythoseresponsiblefororinterestedin

establishingthetest

alidity（that',whetherthetesttestswhatit

issupposedtotest）.

Validatorsmaythinkitislessimportanttohave

informationaboutthelengthofthetestanditssections,andmore

importanttoknowthetheoreticaljustificationforthecontent:

what

theoriesofIanguageandproficiencymakethetest,and

whythetest

isthewayitis.

Neededbytestusers

Testusersneeddescriptionsofatest

scontent,anddifferen

sortsofusersmayneedsomewhatdifferentdescriptions.For

example,teacherswhowillberesponsibleforthelearnersplacedin

theirclassesbyatestneedtoknowwhatthetestscoresmean:

what

theparticularlearnersknew,whattheycando,whattheyneedto

learn.Teacherswhowishtoentertheirstudentsforsomepublic

examinationneedtoknowwhichtestwillbemostappropriatefortheirlearnerinrelationtothecoursethattheyhavebeenfollowing.

Neededbypublishers

Finally,testspecificationsareavaluablesourceofinformationforpublisherswishingtoproducetextbooksrelatedtothetest:

textbookwriterswillensurethatthepracticeinbookstheyproduceareofanappropriatelevelofdifficulty,withappropriatecontent,topics,tasksandsoon.

Alltheseusersoftestspecificationsmayhavedifferingneeds,andwritersofspecificationsneedtobeartheaudieneeinmindwhenproducingtheirspecifications.Whatissuitableforanaudieneemaybequiteunsuitableforanother.

IllContentsoftestspecifications

Timeduration

IVHowtodrawuptestspecifications?

Testpurpose:

teststendtofallintooneofthefollowing

broadcategories:

placement,progress,achievement,proficiencyand

leveloflai

diagnostic.

PIacementtestsaredesignedtoassessstudentsabilitysothattheycanbeplacedintheappropriatecourseorclass.

ProgresstestsaregivenatvariousstagesthroughoutaIanguagecoursetoseewhatthestudentshavelearnt.

Achievementteststendtobegivenattheendofthecourse.Thecontentofbothprogressandachievementtestsisgenerallybasedonthecoursesyllabusorthecoursetextbook.

ProficiencytestsaredesignedtotesttheabilityofstudentswithdifferentIanguagetrainingbackgrounds.Someareintendedtoshowwhetherstudentshavereachedagivenlevelofgenerallanguageability;othersaredesignedtoshowwhetherstudentshavesufficient

abilitytobeabletouseaIanguageinsomespecificareasuchasmedicine,tourismetc.

Diagnostictestsseektoidentifystrengthsandweaknessesin

students

Ianguageability.

Testpurposeisthenormalstartingpointfordesigningtestspecifications.Forexample:

TestAisaplacementtest,designedtoplacestudentsapplyingforIanguagecoursesatEnglishintoclassesappropriatetotheir

Ianguagelevel.

TestBisintendedtodiagnosestrengthsandweaknessesoffourthyearsecondaryschoolpupilsinEnglishgrammar.

Testconstructandoperations

Everytesthasatheorybehindit:

whatIanguageabilityconsistsof,whatlanguagelearninginvoIvesandwhatlanguageusersdowith

Ianguage.Everytheorycontainsconstructs,whichareitsprincipalcomponentsandtherelationshipbetweenthesecomponents.TestspecificationsneedtomakethetheoreticalframeworkwhichunderliesthetestIanguageskillsandrelationshipsbetweenitsconstructs,aswellastherelationshipbetweenthetheoryandwhatthetestisdesignedfor.Thetestdomainisintendednottoincludeall

theskillsoftheconstructbuttherepresentativecontentsofthelistingskills

Forexample:

LanguageTests

”,hypothesizesreadingskillsastheabilityto:

--recognizewordsandwordgroups,associatingsoundswiththeircorrespondinggraphicsymbols;

--deducethemeaningofwords

--understandexplicitlystatedinformation;

--understandrelationswithinthesentence;

--understandrelationsbetweenpartsofatext;

--perceivetemporalandspatialrelationshipsandalsosequencesofideas;

--understandconceptualmeaning;

--anticipateandpredictwhatwillcomenextinthetext;

--identifythemainideaandothersalientfeaturesinatext;

--generalizeanddrawconclusion;

--understandinformationnotexplicitlystatedbymakingreferences;

--skimandsean（lookingforthegeneralmeaningandreadingforspeeifieinformation）;

--readcritically;

--adoptaflexibleapproachandvaryreadingstrategiesaccordingtothetypeofmaterialbeingreadandthepurposeforwhichitisbeingread.

Testtakers

Whatsortoflearnerwillbetakingthetest.

Personalcharacteristics:

age,sex,firstlanguage,countryoforigin.

levelandnatureofeducation,reasonfortakingthetest,professionalinterests

Topicalknowledge:

levelsoftargetIanguagesocialandculturalunderstanding.

Languageability:

levelsoftargetIanguageknowledgeand

Ianguageuseability

Testcontent

Topicisconcernedwithwhatthetestisreadytomeasure,grammarorstructureknowledgeorwriting,speakingandreadingabilities.

FocusisinvoIvedinwhatfunctionstesttasksshouldenablestudentstouseaccordingtotheabovetopic.

Descriptionsoftestcontentshouldbedetailedandcomprehensive:

testcontentshoulddemonstratethatittestswhatthetestissupposedtotestortestcontentvalidity;testcontentshouldberepresentativefortestconstruct（constructvalidity）.

Testmethod

Whattestmethodsaretobeused

-multiplechoice,gapfilling.

matching,transformation,shortanswerquestion,picturedescription,roleplaywithcuecards,essay,structuredwriting,etc?

Intakingtesttypes,testwritersshouldthinkaboutfouraspects:

testvalidity,reliability,authenticityandpracticality.

Testtasksandtexttypes

authentic,objectivelyorsubjectivelyassessable?

Ifitisauthentic,

shouldbethesourcesofthese,thetopics,thedegreeofauthenticity?

Howdifficultorlongshouldtheybe?

Whatfunctionsshouldbe

embodiedinthetexts

-persuasion,definition,summarizing,etc?

HowcomplexshouldtheIanguagebe?

-howmany

Testorganizationsrefertonumberofitemsortasksitemsarerequiredforeachsection?

Weightingconcernswhatisthe

relativeweightforeachitem

-equalweighting,extraweightingfor

moredifficultitems.

Forexample:

weightingforwrittenCET4

新题型的四级考试主要由听力理解、阅读理解、完型填空或改错、写作和翻

译四部分组成。

其中听力理解部分分值比例为35%阅读理解为35%完型填空

或改错部分为10%写作和翻译部分分值比例为20%其中写作部分15%翻译部分5%从各项所占分值来看，即听力249分，阅读249分，完型填空或改错70分，作文142分，各单项分相加之和为总分710分。

Timeduration

Howmanysections/papersshouldthetesthave,howlongshouldtheybeandhowwilltheybedifferentiated?

Forexample:

thetimedifferentiationofCET4

PartIWriting（30minutes）

PartIIReadingcomprehension（skimmingandscanning）（15minutes）

PartIIIListeningcomprehension（35minutes）

PartIVReadingcomprehension（Readingindepth）（25minutes）

PartVCloze（15minutes）

PartVITranslation（5minutes）

Scoringcriterion

Whichcriteriawillbeusedforassessmentbymarkers?

Howimportantisaccuracy,appropriacy,spelling,lengthofutterance/script,etc?

Adescriptionofthecriteriawhichwillbeusedtoevaluate

Criteriaforassessment

Thehighermarkallocationreflectsitsgreaterorganizationalandinterpretationaldemands.

Answersofabout300wordswillberequired.Ascandidatesarerequiredtodevelopalogicalpieceofwritingwhichinterpretstheinformationprovided,itisclearlyimportantthattheyavoidanyattempttodescribeextensivelyalltheinformationprovided.

Candidatesshouldbeabletocompareandcontrast,showcauseandeffectrelationships,drawconclusions,makehypothesesandproduceothersuchpatternsofdiscourse.Theyshouldbeabletoparagraphtheirwritinganduseavarietyofmeanstocreatecohereneeattheintersententialandinterparagraphlevel.Theyshouldbeabletoproducesentencesofa