最新讲解最全的定语从句讲解doc文档格式.docx
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主.(宾)
ThestudentthatansweredthequestionwasJohn.回答问题的学生是约翰。
Thebook(that)youlentmewasinteresting.你借给我的那本书很有趣。
Which
物
Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.
Who
人
Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'
shealth.
Theman(who)youmetjustnowismyfriend.
Whom
(宾)
Theman(whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.
Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.
Whose
定
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.
注意一:
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"
介词+关系词"
结构可以同关系副词whenwhere和why互换。
where=in/at+which
when=in/on/at/during+whichwhy=forwhich
whose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whom
例如:
1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
2.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
3.Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70(theeldestofwhomis70),arefromSingapore.
Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.
Thereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.
=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.
4)whom在定语从句中只指人,做宾语,可用who或that代替,也可以省略但后边的介词提前时,只用whom例如:
Doyouknowtheman(whom/who/that)theteacheristalkingto?
=Doyouknowthemantowhomtheteacheristalking?
Sheistheperson(whom/who/that)youshouldturntoforhelp.
=Sheisthepersontowhomyoushouldturnforhelp
5)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语)
(1)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
(2)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(=ofwhichthecover)isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
6).先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句,如:
as...as;
so...as;
such...as;
thesame+名词+as。
Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作want的宾语)
SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定语从句的主语)
ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接宾语)
ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接宾语)
请注意“thesame+名词+as”与“thesame+名词+that”的区别。
(1)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(2)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意:
定语从句such…as…与结果状语从句such…that…的区别:
as在所引导的定语从句中作主语,宾语;
that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(3)HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.
(4)HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobuyone.
7).先行词有比较级修饰时用than;
先行词有否定词修饰时用but,表示双重否定,此时的but=who/which/that...not...
Mymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定语从句主语)
Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定语从句主语)
Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.
=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesn’twanttogotouniversity.(but作定语从句主语)
练习
选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。
(thatwhichwhowhosewhom)
1..Doyouseethebridge----------wasbuiltlastyear
2...Thenurse_________wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.
3...Theoldgentleman__________youmetjustnowisafamouswriter.
4...Thegirlto______Ilentmybikeworksinahospital.
5...Shewasthebravegirl__________nameisknowntoeverybody.
注意二:
that和which虽然都能指物,但是在某些情况下,只能用that指物而不用which
1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,例如:
ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.(作宾语可省略)
Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthatwehavevisited.
2)先行词被thevery,theonlythesame,thelast等修饰时,例如:
ThisistheverybookthatI'
mlookingfor.(作宾语,可省略)
Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastowaitpatiently.(作宾语,可省略)
3)先行词被序数词修饰时,例如:
Thefirstthingthatwedointhemorningistocleantheclassroom.(作宾语,可省略)
Thisisthethirdlargestcitythatwasfoundedinthe1980s.(作主语)
4)当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时.
Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?
Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.
5)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6)、当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
7)先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语,例如:
Heisnottheboythatheusedtobe.
Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.
8).当在therebe句型中,通常情况下用that,不用which、
注意三:
宜用which而不用that的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中。
Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.
2.在关系词前有介词时。
ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.
3.当先行词本身是that时。
Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.
二.关系副词:
关系副词
When
时间
状语
I'
llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou
Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
Where
地点
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
Why
原因
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
关系副词(在句中作状语)
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich(先行词一般是reason)
Where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
When=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"
结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
3..Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
=Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
TThisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T=正确)
FThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F=错误)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;
指物时用which,不能用that;
关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)
(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)
TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
4.theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。
Thewayinwhich/that/省略heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
判断改错
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.
llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。
此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone答案:
例1D,例2A
例1变为肯定句:
Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句:
Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
二、非限定性定语从句:
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和
1.主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
Herhouse,whichwasbuiltahundredyearsago,stoodstillintheearthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立,它是一百多年前建造的。
)
2.在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who,whom代表人,用which代表事物,whenwherewhy分别代表时间,地点,原因(做状语)
3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1)、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
Which还可指代主句中的某个词或短语。
(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
2)、as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,意为“这,这一点”。
as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.
难点透析
定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此,有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲,它与六种句式相似,十分容易混淆。
为了分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异,现将其分类例析如下。
【难点一】定语从句与并列句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确
①MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.
②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof______isadancer.
③MrLihasthreedaughters;
______aredoctors.
解析:
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:
并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
从结构上看:
①小题是定语从句,故填whom;
②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them;
③小题是两个并列分句,无需连接词,缺少主语,故填none或they。
【难点二】定语从句与地点状语从句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。
1Ricedoesn’tgrowwell______thereisnotenoughwater.
②Istillrememberthefarm______myparentsworkedtenyearsago.
定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于:
定语从句有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句则没有;
定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词+which”来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。
因此,从结构上看:
①小题无表示地点的先行词,故为表示地点的状语从句,填where;
②小题中thefarm是先行词,是定语从句,故填where,此处的where可用onwhich替换。
【难点三】定语从句与强调句
①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_______ImetLiangWeiattheairport.
②Itisthefactory_______MrWangworks.
定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:
强调句的结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that从句”。
被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当